教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点(1.4)（teacher qualification examination, middle school education, knowledge and competence, chapter 1.4）

教师资格考试中学教育知识与能力章节考点14（TEACHERQUALIFICATIONEXAMINATION,MIDDLESCHOOLEDUCATION,KNOWLEDGEANDCOMPETENCE,CHAPTER14）TEACHERQUALIFICATIONEXAMINATION,MIDDLESCHOOLEDUCATION,KNOWLEDGEANDCOMPETENCE,CHAPTER14THEFOURTHSECTIONISTHESCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEMIANOVERVIEWOFSCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEM1SCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEMTHECONCEPTOFSCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEMREFERREDTOASEDUCATIONALSYSTEMSCHOOLINGISACOUNTRYATALLLEVELSOFTHESCHOOLSYSTEM,DETERMINESNATURE,ALLKINDSOFSCHOOLTASKS,TRAININGOBJECTIVES,ADMISSIONCONDITIONS,LENGTHOFSCHOOLING,THEMANAGEMENTSYSTEMANDTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENTHEVARIOUSSCHOOLSTHESCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEMISAMAINPARTOFTHENATIONALEDUCATIONSYSTEMTHESCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEMISABASICSYSTEMOFEDUCATIONSYSTEMINTHEMOSTSTRICTANDMOSTEFFECTIVE,ISTOENSURETHEBASICSTATESYSTEMTOREALIZETHEPURPOSEOFEDUCATION,HASANIMPORTANTINFLUENCEONTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSOCIALPOLITICS,ECONOMY,CULTUREANDOTHERFIELDSTHEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISTHROUGHLEGISLATIVEPROVISIONSSETUP,SOASTOENSURETHEUNITY,STABILITYANDINTEGRITYOFANATIONALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFMODERNSOCIETY,EDUCATIONISBECOMINGMORECOMPLEX,ANDGRADUALLYPERFECTASUITABLEANDSCIENTIFICSYSTEM,ITISNECESSARYTODEVELOPTHEHIGHLEVELOFTECHNOLOGYANDMANAGEMENTTALENTSERVICEFORTHECOUNTRY,BUTALSOFOCUSONTRAININGTOIMPROVETHENATIONALQUALITYANDEMPLOYMENTABILITYOFORDINARYWORKERS,SOTHATEVERYMEMBEROFTHESOCIETYHAVEACCESSTOEDUCATIONANDOPPORTUNITYTWOTHEFACTORSTHATINFLUENCETHESYSTEMOFSCHOOLINGANDTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHECONTEMPORARYSYSTEMOFEDUCATION1FACTORSAFFECTINGSCHOOLSYSTEMTHESCHOOLSYSTEMISFORMULATEDANDPROMULGATEDBYTHESTATEORGANSOFPOLITICALPOWER,ANDANYSYSTEMOFSCHOOLINGMUSTBERESTRICTEDBYCERTAINFACTORS1THELEVELOFSOCIALPRODUCTIVEFORCESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCIENCEANDTECHNOLOGY2THEPOLITICALANDECONOMICSYSTEMOFSOCIETY3THEDEVELOPMENTOFMANSBODYANDMIND4NATIONALCULTURALTRADITION2CHARACTERISTICSOFCONTEMPORARYEDUCATIONALSYSTEMDEVELOPMENT,SINCETWENTIETHCENTURY,THENEWTECHNOLOGYREVOLUTIONSETOFFAWAVEOFREFORMOFSOCIALPRODUCTION,TOTHENATIONALPOLITICAL,ECONOMICANDCULTURALLIFEANDHASBROUGHTASERIESOFCHANGES,COUNTRIESHAVEMADEREFORMOFTHESCHOOLEDUCATIONSYSTEM,ANDAWIZARDSOMECOMMONCHARACTERISTICS1PAYATTENTIONTOPRESCHOOLEDUCATIONANDPAYATTENTIONTOEARLYINTELLECTUALDEVELOPMENT2EARLYAGEOFENROLLMENTANDEXTENSIONOFCOMPULSORYEDUCATION3REFORMINGTHESTRUCTUREOFSECONDARYEDUCATIONANDDEVELOPINGVOCATIONALANDTECHNICALEDUCATION4THESTRUCTUREOFHIGHEREDUCATIONISMULTILEVELANDDIVERSIFIED5ACCEPTTHEIDEAOFLIFELONGEDUCATIONANDDEVELOPCONTINUINGEDUCATIONTWO,THEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFSCHOOLSYSTEM1ESTABLISHMENTOFMODERNSCHOOLSYSTEMINEUROPEANDAMERICA1ANDTHEFORMATIONOFMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMOFSCHOOLINGISAFTERSCHOOL,THESCHOOLHASNOPRIMITIVESOCIETYAFTERTHESCHOOLEDUCATIONALSYSTEMINANCIENTSOCIETY,ONLYTHEANCIENTEDUCATIONALSYSTEMBECAUSETHEANCIENTSCHOOLONLYTOSERVETHERULINGCLASS,THESCHOOLWASDOMINATEDBYTHERULINGCLASS,COMPLETELYDIVORCEDFROMSOCIALPRODUCTIVELABOR,SOTHATTHEANCIENTEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISNOTPERFECTNOTSYSTEMTHEANCIENTSYSTEMDISTINCTCLASSBURIEDPRODUCTIONANDMASSTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISINTHEHUMANSOCIETYINTOTHEMODERNCIVILIZATION,WITHTHEEMERGENCEANDDEVELOPMENTOFMODERNEDUCATIONANDGRADUALLYFORMEDANDDEVELOPEDAFTERTHEEUROPEANRENAISSANCE,SOCIALCULTURALANDSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEHASANUNPRECEDENTEDDEVELOPMENT,THEDEMANDOFCULTURALKNOWLEDGEINALLAREASOFSOCIETY,STIMULATETHEMODERNSCHOOLTOESTABLISHANDDEVELOPMODERNANDANCIENTSCHOOLSCHOOLTHEMAINDIFFERENCEISTHATTHEMODERNSCHOOLHASTHENATUREOFSOCIALPRODUCTIONANDLIFESERVICE,THESCHOOLEDUCATIONANDSOCIALPRODUCTIONANDLIVINGCLOSELYTOGETHER,THUSFORMINGASETOFCLASS,ANDTHEPRODUCTIONANDPOPULARITYASONEOFTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMCLASSCLASSOFMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMANDANCIENTEDUCATIONALSYSTEMDIFFERINTHEIRPERFORMANCETHEANCIENTEDUCATIONALSYSTEMCLASSEMBODIESIN“GRADESCHOOL“,NAMELYTHEANCIENTEDUCATIONALSYSTEMWITHSTRICTHIERARCHY,ANDTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMIN“SCHOOLCLASS“INSTEADOF“GRADESCHOOL“,THISISAPROGRESSOFMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMTHESCIENTIFICLEVELOFSCIENCETHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISEMBODIEDINTHESCHOOLLEVELSTRUCTURE,ORGANIZATIONMANAGEMENT,TEACHINGCONTENTANDOTHERASPECTSWITHTHEDEVELOPMENTOFCAPITALISM,THEMODERNSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEGRADUALLYINTOTHEEDUCATIONANDTEACHINGINSCHOOLS,THEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMGRADUALLYSCIENTIFICTHEPRODUCTIONOFTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISTHERESULTOFMODERNINDUSTRIALCIVILIZATION,WHICHMAKESTHESYSTEMDEVELOPTOFULLYCONSIDERTHESERVICEFORTHESOCIALPRODUCTIONREQUIREMENTS,EDUCATIONALSYSTEMHASCHARACTERISTICSOFMASSPRODUCTIONWITHTHEPOPULARITYOFTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISTHEINEVITABLERESULTOFTHEPROGRESSOFSOCIALCIVILIZATION,INMODERNSOCIETY,CULTURALANDSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEISNOLONGERMONOPOLYOFASMALLNUMBEROFRULERS,WORKINGPEOPLEURGENTLYNEEDTOGRASPTHECULTURALANDSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGE,THEDEVELOPMENTOFTHESOCIETYALSONEEDSTOIMPROVETHECULTURALQUALITYOFTHEWHOLENATION,SOTHESYSTEMMUSTHAVETHEMASSESANDPOPULARIZATIONTHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMFIRSTAPPEAREDINEUROPEASWEKNOW,INTHEHISTORYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFHUMANSOCIETY,MODERNSOCIETYCIVILIZATIONORIGINATEDINEUROPETHECAPITALISTINDUSTRIALREVOLUTIONINEUROPE,THERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEMODERNSCHOOL,ONTHEONEHAND,FROMTHEANCIENTMEDIEVALUNIVERSITIES,THECLASSICALLIBERALARTSSCHOOLSDEVELOPMENTANDTRANSFORMATIONONTHEOTHERHAND,ESTABLISHEDFROMPRIMARYSCHOOLTOMIDDLESCHOOLINCLUDINGJUNIORHIGHSCHOOL,SENIORHIGHSCHOOLANDOCCUPATIONSCHOOLNEWSCHOOLTHESCHOOLTYPEISINCREASING,EXPANDING,ANDCONSTANTLYIMPROVETHESYSTEM,TOTHEENDOFNINETEENTHCENTURY,THEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMGRADUALLYFORMED2,THETYPESOFMODERNSCHOOLSYSTEMINEUROPEANDAMERICATHEMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMINNATURE,ISDIVIDEDINTOTWOKINDSOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEMANDTHESOCIALISTSYSTEMOFCAPITALISMDUETODIFFERENTSITUATIONSINVARIOUSCOUNTRIESANDREGIONS,THEREAREDIFFERENCESINTHEINFLUENCINGFACTORSOFSYSTEMESTABLISHMENT,ATTHEBEGINNINGOFTHETWENTIETHCENTURY,ANDGRADUALLYFORMEDAREPRESENTATIVEOFTHETHREETYPESOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEM1DUALTRACKSYSTEMINWESTERNEUROPETOTRACKTHEUKASTHETYPICALREPRESENTATIVEOFFRANCE,THEFEDERALREPUBLICOFGERMANYANDOTHEREUROPEANCOUNTRIES,BELONGTOTHISSYSTEMTHISSYSTEMISTHEANCIENTPRIVILEGEINTHESYSTEMDEVELOPMENTPROCESSTHELEGACYOFTHERESULTSONETRACKOCCUPIEDBYTHEMASSESOFTHENONPRIVILEGEDCHILDREN,SCHOOLFROMTHEANCIENTSCHOOLDEVELOPMENT,ALLASPECTSOFTHECONDITIONSARESUPERIOR,VERYSTRONGACADEMIC,STUDENTSCANLEARNMORETHANADAYTORISE,RAILISACADEMICANOTHERTRACKISTHENEWSCHOOLOPENEDFORTHECHILDRENOFWORKINGPEOPLE,STUDENTSINBASICEDUCATIONAFTERTHEOCCUPATIONTECHNICALSCHOOLISTOLEARN,ENGAGEINTECHNOLOGY,ARAILISTHEPRODUCTIONOFTHETWOTRACKSARENOTCOMMUNICATEDWITHEACHOTHER,ANDDONOTCONVERGETHISSYSTEMISOBVIOUSLYNOTCONDUCIVETOTHESPREADOFEDUCATIONINTHEDEVELOPMENTPROCESSOFMODERNSOCIETY,WITHTHEPRIVILEGEDWEAKENED,HIGHACADEMICTRACKHASBEENGRADUALLYOPENTOTHECHILDRENOFTHEWORKINGPEOPLE,BUTORDINARYWORKERSTHEIRCHILDRENTOSCHOOLISNOTMUCH,THEREASONISTHATTHISKINDOFSCHOOLTUITIONISEXPENSIVE,NONWORKINGPEOPLECANBEARCHILDRENONLYAFEWEXCELLENTSTUDENTSFORFREEORRECEIVEFUNDINGTOSCHOOLBUTTHESYSTEMOFACADEMICTRACKACADEMICLEVELISHIGH,LIKEOXFORD,UNIVERSITYOFCAMBRIDGEHASTRAINEDMANYOUTSTANDINGTALENT2THEMONORAILSYSTEMINTHEUNITEDSTATESTHEUNITEDSTATESISTHEFIRSTMODERNEDUCATIONALTRACKSYSTEM,BUTTHEHISTORYOFTHEUNITEDSTATESANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEUROPEANCAPITALISTCOUNTRIESINTHEHISTORYOFTHEDEVELOPMENTOFDIFFERENT,NOTLIKETHEBRITISHROYALFAMILYASAPRIVILEGEDCLASS,INTHISHISTORICALTRADITION,ARAILACADEMICISNOTFULLYDEVELOPED,ANDTHENEWSCHOOLMASSDEVELOPEDRAPIDLY,WHICHFORMEDFROMTHEPRIMARYSCHOOLUNTILTHEUNIVERSITY,FORMANYCHILDRENCANBEENROLLEDINTHEMONORAILSYSTEMTHISSYSTEMISCONDUCIVETOTHEPOPULARITYOFEDUCATION,THEEDUCATIONISUNEVEN,THETEACHINGQUALITYOFTHESCHOOLISLARGE,MANYSCHOOLLEVELISNOTHIGH3SOVIETSTYLESCHOOLSYSTEMRUSSIANIMPERIALEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISATWOTRACKSYSTEMLEDBYLENINAFTERTHEOCTOBERREVOLUTIONOVERTHREWTHETSARISTREGIME,ESTABLISHEDTHEFIRSTSOCIALISTCOUNTRY,DEVELOPEDAMONORAILSYSTEMBUTTHISKINDOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEMANDEDUCATIONALSYSTEMANDTHEDIFFERENTMONORAILSYSTEMFIRST,ITISTHENATUREOFSOCIALISMSYSTEMSECONDLY,ITHASABSORBEDSOMEPOSITIVEFACTORSINWESTERNEUROPETRACKINASEPARATE,SUCHASOCCUPATIONTECHNICALSCHOOLONCEAGAIN,THESYSTEMISCONNECTEDONTHELOWERLEVELSCHOOLS,INTERRELATEDOCCUPATIONTECHNICALSCHOOLHORIZONTAL,FORMINGATHREEDIMENSIONALSYSTEMTHISSYSTEMISBENEFICIALTOPOPULARIZATIONOFEDUCATION,ANDTOMAINTAINAHIGHLEVELOFACADEMICBUTBECAUSEOFCLASS,COURSETHECOMPLEX,TEACHINGPLAN,CURRICULUMSTANDARDSANDTEXTBOOKSMUSTBEUNIFIED,THETEACHINGISNOTFLEXIBLEENOUGH,ESPECIALLYTHECOURSEOFSTRONGREGIONALDEVELOPMENTISNOTVERYGOODTWOTHEFORMATIONANDDEVELOPMENTOFSCHOOLSYSTEMINCHINA1ESTABLISHMENTOFSCHOOLSYSTEMINOLDCHINATHEDEVELOPMENTOFSCHOOLEDUCATIONTOTHEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISTHEPRODUCTOFACERTAINHISTORICALPERIODINANCIENTCHINATHESYSTEMORIGINATEDINTHEWESTERNZHOUDYNASTY,THEEARLIESTESTABLISHED“THEORDER,SCHOOL,ETC,FORMEDINTHEWESTERNHANDYNASTYTOTHETANGANDSONGDYNASTIES,WASRELATIVELYCOMPLETEBUTSINCEANCIENTSCHOOLEDUCATIONISNOTDEVELOPED,SOTHISPERIODOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEMHASNOTFORMEDTHEINTEGRITYOFTHESYSTEMTHESCHOOLSYSTEMWITHACOMPLETESYSTEMISMARKEDBYTHEEMERGENCEOFTHEMODERNSCHOOLSYSTEMTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEMODERNSCHOOLSYSTEMINCHINAISLATERTHANTHEESTABLISHMENTOFTHEMODERNSCHOOLSYSTEMINTHEUNITEDSTATESANDEUROPE,ANDITWASNOTUNTILTHEENDOFQINGDYNASTYIN1840AFTERTHEOPIUMWAR,CHINESEBECAMEASEMICOLONIALANDSEMIFEUDALSOCIETY,THEAGGRESSIONOFIMPERIALISMANDTHEDEVELOPMENTOFNATIONALCAPITALISMUNDERTHEIMPACTOFTHEQINGGOVERNMENTWASIMPROVEDINORDERTOMAINTAINITSFEUDALRULEHASLASTEDFORTHOUSANDSOFYEARSOFFEUDALEDUCATIONSYSTEM,ADOPTEDA“WASTEOFLIFT,HINGSCHOOL“MEASURESBYL902YEARSTHEQINGGOVERNMENTMANAGEMENTMINISTERZHANGBAIXIPRESIDEDOVERTHEFIRSTTODEVELOPAMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEM“HANDPICKEDCHARTERSCHOOLS“,KNOWNASTHE“RENYINEDUCATIONSYSTEM“ALTHOUGHTHESYSTEMHASNOTBEENABLETOIMPLEMENT,BUTFROMTHEFORMATIONOFTHEOLDCHINAMODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEMIN1904,THEQINGGOVERNMENTPROMULGATEDTHEFORMULATEDBYZHANGZHIDONG,ZHANGBAIXI,RONGQINGETAL“CHARTERSCHOOLWILLBEPLAYED“,KNOWNASTHE“GUIMAOEDUCATIONALSYSTEM“THISSYSTEMISTHEEMBODIMENTOFZHANGZHIDONG“SCHOOLFORTHEBODY,WESTERNLEARNINGFORUSE“THOUGHT,ABSORBEDTHEMEIJIJAPANACADEMICSYSTEM,ALSORETAINEDTHEREMNANTSOFTHEFEUDALIMPERIALEXAMINATIONASYSTEMTHEBIGGESTFEATUREOFTHESYSTEMISTHELONGLENGTHOFSCHOOLING,FROMSCHOOLTOSCHOOL21YEARS,TOTHEHOSPITALCOULDTAKE26YEARSAFTERTHEREVOLUTION,CAIYUANPEISERVEDASMINISTEROFEDUCATION,THEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMWASREVISEDIN1912,KNOWNASTHE“MODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEM“,THENEXTYEARTHEYHAVESUCCESSIVELYISSUEDSOMESCHOOLS,TOGETHERCONSTITUTETHE“MODERNEDUCATIONALSYSTEM“THESYSTEMOFTHEOLDEDUCATIONALSYSTEMDOESNOTCHANGEIN1922,BYTHETIMETHEUNITEDSTATESSENTPRESIDEDOVERTHEEDUCATIONASSOCIATION,ACCORDINGTOTHE“633“SYSTEM,FORMULATEDANDPROMULGATEDTHE“RENXUSCHOOLSYSTEM“,ALSOKNOWNASTHENEWEDUCATIONALSYSTEMTHISSYSTEMFROMPRIMARYSCHOOLTOUNIVERSITYTHANKUIMAOEDUCATIONALSYSTEMISSHORTENEDTO5YEARS,16YEARS,ANDTHE42SECTIONINTHISPRIMARYSCHOOLTHEREFORMISVERYBENEFICIALFORTHESOCIALDEVELOPMENTATTHATTIME,ALTHOUGHAFTERSEVERALMODIFICATIONS,BUTNOSIGNIFICANTCHANGESHAVEBEENUSEDTOTHEEARLYNEWCHINESEWASESTABLISHED2SCHOOLSYSTEMINOLDJIEFANGDISTRICT3040INTWENTIETHCENTURY,THECOMMUNISTPARTYOFCHINESETOMEETTHENEEDSOFTHEREVOLUTIONARYWAR,REVOLUTIONINCREATINGVARIOUSKINDSOFSCHOOLS,CULTURALANDEDUCATIONALINSTITUTIONSINJIEFANGDISTRICTANDFOUNDEDANEWEDUCATIONALSYSTEMTHESPECIFICFEATURESASFOLLOWS1CADREEDUCATIONANDMASSEDUCATIONSIMULTANEOUSLYTHEREVOLUTIONOFTHEEDUCATION,THEMAINTASKISTOIMPROVETHEMASSESOFWORKERSANDPEASANTSCULTURALLEVELANDPOLITICALCONSCIOUSNESS,CULTIVATINGREVOLUTIONARYCADRESCORRESPONDINGLY,THEEDUCATIONISDIVIDEDINTOMASSEDUCATIONANDEDUCATIONOFCADRES,ANDESPECIALLYINCADREEDUCATIONISIMPORTANTINTHECADREEDUCATIONANDTRAININGINTHEFUTURECADREONTHEJOBCADRESIMPROVEINMASSEDUCATION,ADULTEDUCATIONINCHILDRENSEDUCATIONEDUCATIONISTHEMAINCONTENTOFIMPARTINGKNOWLEDGEANDSKILLSNEEDEDFORTHEWARANDPRODUCTION2THEORGANIZATIONALFORMSOFSCHOOLEDUCATIONAREDIVERSIFIEDANDFLEXIBLEINORDERTOMEETTHENEEDSOFTHEWARANDTHEREVOLUTIONINTHEPRODUCTION,ACCORDINGTOTHETYPESOFSCHOOLS,SCHOOLCONDITIONS,TRAININGANDOTHERASPECTSOFCOHESIONINSCHOOLSATALLLEVELSHASADOPTEDAFLEXIBLEPOLICYANDTHEREISNOUNIFORMREQUIREMENTSIFTHEMASSEDUCATIONINTHEFORMOFAWINTERSCHOOL,UNIVERSITY,PARTTIMESCHOOLS,LITERACYCLASS,CADREEDUCATIONINTHEFORMOFADAYANDNIGHTHALFDAY,SCHOOL,TRAININGSYSTEM,TRAININGSYSTEMANDSOON3RELYINGONTHEMASSESTORUNSCHOOLSINTHEREVOLUTIONARYBASE,THECOMMUNISTPARTYOFCHINAATTENTIONGIVEFULLPLAYTOTHEENTHUSIASMOFPEOPLESEDUCATIONSYSTEMINADDITIONTOPUBLIC,PRIVATEORGOVERNMENTALSUPPORTALSOADVOCATEDITISSTRONGLYSUPPORTEDBYTHEPEOPLESREVOLUTIONARYBASEANDJIEFANGDISTRICTEDUCATIONCANINEXTREMELYDIFFICULTCONDITIONSTOOBTAINRAPIDDEVELOPMENT3,THEESTABLISHMENTANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHESOCIALISTSCHOOLSYSTEMINOURCOUNTRY1THEREFORMOFTHEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMIN1951ATTHEBEGINNINGOFLIBERATION,THEREWERETWOSCHOOLSYSTEMSINOURCOUNTRYONEISTHESCHOOLSYSTEMOFOLDJIEFANGDISTRICT,THEOTHERISTHESCHOOLSYSTEMORIGINALLYIMPLEMENTEDBYTHEKUOMINTANGWITHTHERECOVERYANDDEVELOPMENTOFTHEPOLITICALANDECONOMICSYSTEMREFORMANDTHENATIONALECONOMY,TOMAKEEDUCATIONBETTERSERVETHESOCIALISTCONSTRUCTION,REFORMTHEOLDEDUCATIONALSYSTEM,THEESTABLISHMENTOFTHENEWEDUCATIONALSYSTEMHASBECOMEINEVITABLETHECENTRALPEOPLESGOVERNMENTONOCTOBER1951PROMULGATEDTHE“DECISION“ONTHEREFORMOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEM,POINTEDOUTMANYDEFECTSINOUREXISTINGSCHOOLS,INCLUDINGTHEMOSTIMPORTANTISTHEWORKERSANDPEASANTS,VARIOUSCADRESCHOOLCRAMSCHOOLSANDTRAININGCOURSESINTHESCHOOLSYSTEMISNOTINPROPERPOSITIONTECHNICALSCHOOLSDONOTHAVETHECORRESPONDINGSYSTEM,CANNOTMEETTHENATIONALREQUIREMENTOFCULTIVATINGTALENTSINTHECONSTRUCTIONTHEREFORE,THEPROVISIONSOFCHINASEDUCATIONALSYSTEMFOREARLYCHILDHOODEDUCATIONTHEORGANIZATIONFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFEARLYCHILDHOODEDUCATIONFORTHEKINDERGARTEN,TORECRUITCHILDREN37YEARSOFAGETHEELEMENTARYEDUCATIONEDUCATIONONCHILDRENSSCHOOLFORPRIMARYSCHOOL,LENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR5YEARS,THEAGEOFADMISSIONTO7YEARSFORTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFPRIMARYEDUCATIONSTANDARDSOUTOFSCHOOLYOUTHANDADULTSCHOOLEXPRESSELEMENTARYSCHOOL,ELEMENTARYSCHOOLANDAMATEURLITERACYSCHOOLFORWORKERSANDPEASANTSTHESECONDARYEDUCATIONHIGHSCHOOLTHELENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR6YEARS,ANDTHECRASHMIDDLESCHOOLLENGTHOFSCHOOLINGIS34YEARSAMATEURMIDDLESCHOOLEARLY,HIGHGRADETWO,LENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR34YEARSTHEDURATIONOFSECONDARYSPECIALIZEDSCHOOLSFOR24YEARS,THEHIGHEREDUCATIONUNIVERSITY,SPECIALSCHOOLOFLENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR35YEARSSCHOOLOFLENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR23YEARSRESEARCHUNIVERSITIESANDSPECIALIZEDCOLLEGE,LENGTHOFSCHOOLINGFOR2YEARSATVARIOUSLEVELSOFPOLITICALSCHOOLSANDTRAININGCOURSESFORYOUNGINTELLECTUALSANDOLDINTELLECTUALSINREVOLUTIONARYPOLITICALEDUCATIONTHESCHOOLGRADE,LENGTHOFSCHOOLINGANDENROLLMENTCONDITIONSSEPARATELYTHEVARIOUSSCHOOLSINADDITIONTOTHEABOVE,THEPEOPLESGOVERNMENTSATALLLEVELSTOADAPTTOAWIDERANGEOFPOLITICALANDBUSINESSLEARNINGLEARNINGNEEDS,SETUPVARIOUSCRAMSCHOOLSANDCORRESPONDENCESCHOOLTHEPEOPLESGOVERNMENTSATALLLEVELSSHOULDBESETUPANDTHEDEAF,BLINDTOTHESPECIALSCHOOLEDUCATIONONTHEPHYSICALDEFECTSOFCHILDREN,YOUTHANDADULTSTHISSYSTEMINHERITSTHEOLDJIEFANGDISTRICTSCHOOLEXPERIENCE,ABSORBINGTHEREASONABLEFACTORSBEFORETHEOLDSYSTEMTOSETUPANEWCHINESE,FROMTHESOVIETEDUCATIONALEXPERIENCE,ISTHECOMPREHENSIVERESULTITEMBODIESTHEEDUCATIONANDSERVICETHESERVICEOFECONOMICCONSTRUCTIONPOLICY,REFLECTINGTHEETHNICEQUALITY,THEPRINCIPLEOFEQUALITYBETWEENTHESEXESITTHEPROMULGATIONANDIMPLEMENTATION,MARKINGTHEFORMATIONOFSOCIALISTEDUCATIONSYSTEMCOMBINEDWITHCHINASGENERALEDUCATION,OCCUPATIONEDUCATIONANDAMATEUREDUCATION,PROMOTETHEDEVELOPMENTOFEDUCATIONINOURCOUNTRY2SCHOOLSYSTEMREFORMIN1958INSEPTEMBER1958,THECPCCENTRALCOMMITTEE,THESTATECOUNCILPROMULGATEDTHE“ONTHEEDUCATIONWORKINSTRUCTIONS“HEREINAFTERREFERREDTOASTHE“INSTRUCTIONS“,PUTFORWARDTHE“WALKINGONTWOLEGS“ANDTHEPOLICYOF“THREECOMBINATIONOFSIXSPECIFICPRINCIPLESSIMULTANEOUSLY“THE“THREECOMBINATION“ISTHEUNITYANDDIVERSITYCOMBINING,COMBININGPOPULARIZATIONWITHTHERAISINGOFCOMPREHENSIVEPLANNINGANDLOCALDECENTRALIZATIONCOMBINEDSIXSIMULTANEOUSLYISRUNNINGSIMULTANEOUSLYANDFACTORIESANDMINES,ENTERPRISES,AGRICULTURALCOOPERATION,GENERALEDUCATIONANDOCCUPATIONEDUCATION,ADULTEDUCATIONANDCHILDRENSEDUCATION,SCHOOLFULLTIMEANDPARTTIME,PARTTIMESCHOOLANDSCHOOLFOREDUCATIONANDSELFSTUDYSIMULTANEOUSLY,FREEEDUCATIONANDFREEEDUCATION“INSTRUCTIONSSIMULTANEOUSLY“CLEARLYSTIPULATESTHECOUNTRYWILLHAVETHREETYPESOFSCHOOLSSCHOOLFULLTIMEANDPARTTIMESCHOOLS,AMATEURSCHOOLSACCORDINGTOTHE“INSTRUCTIONS“SPIRIT,LAUNCHEDANATIONWIDEREFORMOFEXPERIMENTALSTUDENTSINPRIMARYANDSECONDARYSCHOOLSYSTEMINFLUENCEDBYTHE“LEFT“THOUGHT,KWAMETHESUBJECTIVEINITIATIVEOFPEOPLE,NOTACCORDINGTOOBJECTIVELAWS,SOTHEREFORMOFEDUCATIONALSYSTEMOFHERDBEHAVIOR,DISPERSED,CANNOTACHIEVETHEDESIREDEFFECTDURINGTHETENYEARSOFCHAOS,LINBIAOANDTHE“GANGOFFOUR“UNDERTHEPRETEXTOF“EDUCATIONREVOLUTION“AND“SYSTEMISTOSHORTEN,WANTONLYDESTROYEDTHEYHADNOSCHOOLINGACCORDINGTOSECONDARYEDUCATIONWASSHORTENED,JUNIORANDSENIORHIGHSCHOOLARESHORTENEDTOTWOYEARSTHEBLINDDEVELOPMENTOFORDINARYHIGHSCHOOL,MIDDLESCHOOLANDALLKINDSOFAGRICULTURALBLADESECONDARYSCHOOL,TECHNICALSCHOOL,THETWOTHEPROPORTIONOFCOMPLETELYDYSFUNCTIONALREVOKEALLCORRESPONDENCEEDUCATION,STAFFEDUCATIONANDAMATEURCOLLEGEEDUCATIONAUTHORITIES,DEPRIVEDOFWORKERSTOIMPROVETHELEVELOFCULTURALANDSCIENTIFICKNOWLEDGEOFTHEOPPORTUNITIESFINANCE,MANAGEMENT,POLITICALSCIENCEANDOTHERCLOSEDINSTITUTIONS,DEPARTMENTSANDPROFESSIONALPERSONNELTRAINING,THEPROPORTIONOFCOMPLETEDISORDERSO,THENEWSYSTEMAFTERTHEFOUNDINGOFNEWCHINESEGRADUALLYREFORMANDPERFECTWASCOMPLETELYSPOILED,ASERIOUSIMPEDIMENTTOTHEDEVELOPMENTOFEDUCATIONTHEPARTYAFTERTHETHIRDPLENARYSESSIONOFTHE11THCPCCENTRALCOMMITTEE,THEEDUCATIONALFRONTBRINGORDEROUTOFCHAOSALLTYPESOFSCHOOLSATALLLEVELSWEREOBTAINED,RECTIFICATIONRECOVERYEXTENDTHEMIDDLESCHOOLSTUDYPERIODRESTORATIONANDRECONSTRUCTIONOFMANYCOLLEGES,DEPARTMENTS,PROFESSIONAL,HASESTABLISHEDTHEDEGREESYSTEMIMPROVETHEPOSTGRADUATEEDUCATIONSYSTEMTORESTOREANDDEVELOPALLKINDSOFADULTEDUCATIONINSTITUTIONS,SOTHATTHEEDUCATIONALSYSTEMICHINAGRADUALLYEMBARKEDONASTANDARDIZEDANDRATIONALTRACK3THECURRENTSCHOOLSYSTEMINCHINAEARLYCHILDHOODEDUCATIONKINDERGARTEN36YEAROLDCHILDRENAREENROLLEDINTHEIRPRIMARYEDUCATIONTOMAKETHEMDEVELOPPHYSICALLYANDMENTALLYANDLAYAGOODFOUNDATIONFORPRIMARYSCHOOLEDUCATIONTHEELEMENTARYEDUCATIONMAINLYREFERSTOTHEFULLTIMEPRIMARYSCHOOLEDUCATION,CHILDRENENROLLEDINSCHOOLATTHEAGEOF7,CONDITIONALREGIONCANGRADUALLYIMPLEMENTSCHOOLCHILDRENIN6ANDAHALFYEARSOLDOR6YEARSOLDLASTSFOR5YEARSINSOMEAREASFOR6YEARSTHEIMPLEMENTATIONOFTHECOMPREHENSIVEDEVELOPMENTOFBASICEDUCATIONFORCHILDRENTORECEIVESECONDARYEDUCATIONTOLAYTHEFOUNDATIONTHESECONDARYEDUCATIONREFERSTOTHEFULLTIMEORDINARYHIGHSCHO