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CHAPTER1HEHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZESGENERALOUTLINE11THECONTENTANDCHARACTERISTICOFROADCONSTRUCTION1THELIGHTMAINTENANCEANDMAINTENANCEOFHIGHWAYENGINEERING11THEHIGHWAYENGINEERINGISDRIVENAVEHICLEONTHEFUNCTIONOFTHEBLACKNATURALFACTORANDDAMAGINGCONSTANTLYINTHECOURSEOFUSINGALTOGETHER,FORINSTANCESOMEHOLETROUGH,THECRACK,ETC,THROUGHFIXEDANDIRREGULARMAINTENANCE,THEHIGHWAYCOULDSATISFYTHENORMALUSELIGHTMAINTENANCEANDMAINTAININGISONEOFTHEMOSTIMPORTANTCONTENTSAFTERTHEROADISCONSTRUCTED12THEREPAIRANDTECHNOLOGYALTERATIONINTHEHIGHWAYENGINEERINGRESTRICTEDBYSUCHRESPECTSASTHEMATERIAL,STRUCTURE,EQUIPMENT,ETC,THEHIGHWAYDIFFERENTPARTSHAVEDIFFERENTLIFESPANALTHOUGHSOMEPARTSAREMAINTAINED,THEHIGHWAYCANTBEUSEDFOREVER,INCERTAINYEARSSOMECOMPOSITIONDEPARTMENTWILLLOSEITSFUNCTIONANDNEEDTOBEREBUILTALTERATIONINROADCOURSE,ROADBEDWIDTH,IMPROVINGROADSURFACEBELONGSTOTECHNOLOGYALTERATION13BASICCONSTRUCTIONOFTHEHIGHWAYENGINEERINGINORDERTOSATISFYTHENEEDOFPRODUCTIONANTRANSPORTATION,THEHIGHWAYMUSTBEBUILTNEWLY,REBUILTANDALTEREDTOACHIEVECAPITALASSERTSRECONSTRUCTION,ENHANCE,THETRAFFICABILITYISEXTENDEDCONTINUALLY2RELATIONOFCONTENTSOFROADCONSTRUCTION21COMMONCHARACTERISTICS211ALLARECAPITALASSERTSINDISPENSABLECOMPONENT212NEEDTOCONSUMECERTAINMANPOWERANDMATERIALSANDFINANCIALRESOURCES22DIFFERENCECAPITALSOURCESAREDIFFERENTTHEPAYMENTOFMAINTAIN,UPDATINGANDTECHNIQUEINNOVATIONAREFROMTHEFUNDOFMAINTAININGAROAD,HOWEVER,THEFUNDSOFNEWLYBUILDINGPROJECTAREFROMINFRASTRUCTURALINVESTMENTMANAGEMENTMODEISDIFFERENT1LIGHTMAINTENANCEISARRANGEDANDMANAGEDBYTHEDEPARTMENTWITHTHERESPONSIBILITYOFMAINTAININGTHEROAD2GREATMAINTENANCEANDTECHNOLOGICALINNOVATIONISPLANNEDBYTHEDEPARTMENTWITHTHERESPONSIBILITYOFMAINTAININGTHEROADAFTERAUTHORIZEDBYSUPERIOR,THEYWILLARRANGEITBYTHEMSELVESTHEMISSIONOFNEWLYBUILDING,ENLARGEMENTBUILDINGANDREBUILDINGWILLBEMADEKNOWNTOLOWERLEVELSBYADIRECTOROFTHEPROVINCETHEMISSIONSARRANGEDINTOTHEPLANOFINFRASTRUCTUREOFOURCOUNTRYSHOULDBEEXECUTEDACCORDINGTOPRESCRIPT3CHARACTERISTICOFTHEHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONCHARACTERISTICOFTHEHIGHWAYBUILDINGPRODUCTS31FIXITYOFPRODUCTS32VARIETYOFPRODUCTSMATERIAL,STRUCTURE,GRADE,STANDARD,ETC33THEFORMOFTHEPRODUCTSISHUGE34SOMESTRUCTUREVULNERABILITYOFPRODUCTS4TECHNIQUEECONOMICCHARACTERISTICOFTHEHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTION41CONSTRUCTIONMOBILITYISGREAT42THECOOPERATINGLEVELISHIGHTHESUPPLYINGOFMATERIALSANDMACHINES,TACHESINCONSTRUCTION43PERIODOFCONSTRUCTINGISLONGTHEARRANGEMENTOFSCHEDULE44THEENVIRONMENTANDNATUREFACTORSHAVEAGREATIMPACT12INFRASTRUCTUREOFHIGHWAYENGINEERING1THEDEFINITIONANDCONTENTOFINFRASTRUCTURE11INFRASTRUCTUREITMEANSTHEBUILDING,ACQUIRINGANDFIXINGCAPITALASSERTS,ITALSOMEANSTHEDEPARTMENTSOFTHECOUNTRYSECONOMYCARRYINGOUTCONSTRUCTJOBINORDERTOREINFORCINGCAPITALASSERTS12THEDEFINITIONANDCONTENTOFHIGHWAYINFRASTRUCTUREHIGHWAYINFRASTRUCTUREMEANINGBUILDING,PURCHASEANDFIXINGACTIVITIESOFCAPITALASSERTSRELATEDWITHHIGHWAYTRANSPORTATION,ALSOTHERELATEDJOBSUCHASRECONNAISSANCE,DESIGN,CONFISCATINGGROUNDTHECONTENTS13THEINSTALLATIONANDCONSTRUCTIONPROJECT131CONSTRUCTIONWORKROADBED,ROADSURFACE,BRIDGESANDCULVERTS,ETCEQUIPMENTSCONSTRUCTIONWORKALLKINDSOFENGINES,EQUIPMENTSANDINSTRUMENTSNEEDINSTALLATIONANDTESTINGDURINGHIGHWAYANDGREATBRIDGESAREBUILT132THEPURCHASINGOFEQUIPMENTS,TOOLS,INSTRUMENTS133OTHERBASICCONSTRUCTIONWORKRECONNAISSANCE,DESIGN,CONFISCATINGTHELANDFORUSE,DISMANTLINGETC2THECOMPOSITIONOFTHEBASICCONSTRUCTIONITEMS21THEBASICCONSTRUCTIONITEMSEVERYPROJECTOFBASICCONSTRUCTIONMEANINGACONSTRUCTIONPROJECTTHATDESIGNINGINCOLLECTIVITY,INDEPENDENTACCOUNTINGANDHAVINGIMPENDENTORGANIZATIONINADMINISTRATION22WORKITEMENGINEERINGPROJECTACOMPOSITIONOFBASICCONSTRUCTION,SUCHASINDEPENDENTMAJORORMIDDLEBRIDGE,TUNNELINHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTION23AUNITOFPROJECTOFDEPENDENTPROJECTACOMPOSITIONOFWORKITEMITCANTBRINGTHROUGHPUTINDEPENDENTLY,BUTCANBECONSTRUCTEDINDEPENDENTLY,SUCHASROUTE,BRIDGE,CULVERT,ETC24PARTIALWORKSOFAUNITPROJECTACOMPOSITIONOFAUNITPROJECTOFADEPENDENTPROJECTSUCHASSUBGRADE,PAVEMENT,SUPERSTRUCTUREANDSUBSTRUCTURE,ETC25CONSTRUCTIONOPERATIONWORKACOMPOSITIONOFPARTIALWORKSOFAUNITPROJECTITCANBEDIVIDEDACCORDINGTOCONFIGURATION,MATERIALS,CONSTRUCTIONMETHODSSUCHASCOFFERDAM,EXCAVATIONWORK,BUILDINGFOUNDATION,BACKFILLING,ETC3THEPROCEDUREOFCAPITALCONSTRUCTION31DEFINITIONTHEORDEROFALLKINDSOFJOBOFCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTDURINGTHEPROCESSOFCONSTRUCTION32SIGNIFICANCECAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTINVOLVESMUCHMORETHINGS,ANDWILLBESTRICTLYRESTRICTEDBYGEOLOGY,WEATHER,HYDROLOGICALGEOLOGY,RESOURCESUPPLYINGANDTECHNIQUELEVEL,ETCITALSONEEDEVERYPROCEDURECOOPERATINGWITHEACHOTHERANDCONSTRUCTEDACCORDINGTOINTEGRATEDDESIGN33THEPROCEDUREOFCAPITALCONSTRUCTION331PROPOSALSFORTHEPROJECTACCORDINGTOLONGTERMNATIONALECONOMYPROGRAMMINGANDHIGHWAYPROGRAMMING,PROPOSALSFORTHEPROJECTAREPUTFORWARDITISTHEBASISOFALLTHEPREPARATIVEWORK,THEEXPLANATIONOFTHECAPITALCONSTRUCTIONTARGET,DEMAND,MATERIALANDCAPITALRESOURCE,ITISALSOTHEBASISOFFEASIBILITYSTUDYREPORT332FEASIBILITYSTUDYREGULATIONALLTHENEWLYBUILTORENLARGEBUILTLARGEANDMEDIUMPROJECTANDALLTHECAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPROJECTTHATUSINGFOREIGNCAPITALSHOULDCARRYOUTFEASIBILITYSTUDYSORTACCORDINGTOTHEDEPTHOFSTUDYING,ITCANBEDIVIDEDINTOPRELIMINARYFEASIBILITYSTUDYANDPRELIMINARYSTUDYREQUESTTHEINVESTOFFSETDISTANCEBETWEENFEASIBILITYSTUDYANDINITIALDESIGNSHOULDNTEXCEED10CONTENTSTHEBASISOFTHECONSTRUCTIONPROJECT,INTEGRATEDTRANSPORTNETWORKANDTHESTATUSANDFUNCTIONOFTHEPROJECTINTHEINTEGRATEDTRANSPORTNETWORKTHETECHNICALCONDITIONANDFITTINGDEGREEOFTHEORIGINALHIGHWAYDISCUSSINGTHEECONOMYLEVELOFITEMLOCUS,STUDYINGTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENECONOMYDEVELOPINGANDTHEPROJECTFORECASTINGTRAFFICANDTRANSPORTATIONGROWINGLEVELTHEPROJECTSGEOGRAPHICALPOSITION,LANDCONFIGURATION,EARTHQUAKE,CLIMATE,HYDROGRAPHICGEOLOGY,ETCTHERESOURCEOFHIGHWAYMATERIALSANDCONVEYINGCONDITIONDEMONSTRATINGORIGINDESTINATIONOFDIFFERENTROUTE,CONSTRUCTIONSCALE,STANDARD,ANDTHENBRINGFORWARDRECOMMENDEDPROJECTEVALUATINGTHEAFFECTIONTOTHEENVIRONMENT,ESTIMATINGMAJORQUANTITIES,THENUMBEROFLANDACQUISITIONANDREMOVAL,ESTIMATINGAMOUNTOFINVESTMENT,PUTTINGFORWARDTHEFINANCINGSTYLE,BRINGINGFORWARDTHEIDEASOFRECONNAISSANCE,DESIGN,CONSTRUCTIONARRANGEMENT,CONFORMINGTRANSPORTATIONCOSTANDRELATEDECONOMYPARAMETER,CARRYINGOUTECONOMYEVALUATION333DESIGNDOCUMENT1TYPEANDAPPLYINGITEMONESTAGEDESIGNMINITYPEITEMTHATTECHNIQUESIMPLEANDSCHEMEOBVIOUSTWOSTAGEDESIGNGENERALPROJECTTHREESTAGEDESIGNTHEITEMTHATHASCOMPLEXTECHNIQUEANDTHEEXPERIENCEISABSENT2INITIALDESIGNACCORDINGTOTHEAPPROVEDFEASIBILITYSTUDYINGREPORT,STUDYINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONPRINCIPLE,CHOOSINGDESIGNSCHEME,CALCULATINGQUANTITIES,BRINGINGFORWARDTHEIDEASOFCONSTRUCTIONSCHEME,WORKINGOUTGENERALESTIMATE,PROVIDINGEXPLANATIONANDDIGRAMAFTERINITIALDESIGNWASRATIFIED,ITWILLBEABASISOFINVESTMENTANDWORKINGOUTDOCUMENTOFOURCOUNTRY,ITALSOISTHEBASISOFPURCHASINGANDCOMMITTINGMATERIALS,IMPLEMENT,ARRANGINGGREATEXPERIMENTITEMTECHNIQUEDESIGNACCORDINGTOTHEAPPROVEDINITIALDESIGNANDCOMPLEMENTARYEXPLORATIONSURVEYDOCUMENT,THEGREATANDCOMPLEXTECHNIQUEPROBLEMWILLBESOLVEDBYSCIENTIFICEXPERIMENT,MONOGRAPHICSTUDY,DEEPENEXPLORATIONSURVEYANDANALYZING,COMPARING3CONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTDESIGNAPPROVINGCONSTRUCTIONPRINCIPLE,DESIGNSCHEME,SPECIFICANDDEEPENTECHNIQUE,FINALLYQUANTITIESWERECONFIRMEDEXPLANATION,CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLANANDGRAPH,CHARTWEREPUTFORWARDWORKINGDRAWINGESTIMATEWASWORKEDOUT334TOPLACEONCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPLANOFAYEARAFTERINITIALDESIGNDOCUMENTANDGENERALESTIMATEDOCUMENTWEREAUTHORIZED,THEPROJECTCANBEARRANGEDINTOCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPLANOFOURCOUNTRYDEVELOPMENTORGANIZATIONCANCONTROLANDWORKOUTCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONPLANOFAYEARACCORDINGTOTHEPLANOFOURCOUNTRY335CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATIONDEVELOPMENTORGANIZATIONSHOULDSETUPCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTINSTITUTE,HANDLINGREGISTERANDREMOVALPROBLEMS,DEALINGWITHTHECOOPERATIONJOBOFRELATEDORGANIZATIONPREPARINGFORMATERIALS,EQUIPMENTSANDTECHNIQUEINFORMATION336ORGANIZINGCONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZESCONSTRUCTIONREASONABLYACCORDINGTOCONSTRUCTIONPROCEDUREDURINGTHECONSTRUCTION,INORDERTOENSURETHEQUALITYOFENGINEERING,SPECIFICATIONFORCONSTRUCTIONANDDESIGNCOMMANDSHOULDBECOMPLIED337COMPLETIONTEST,COMMISSIONINGCOMPLETIONTESTINCLUDESEXAMINATIONTOTHEQUALITY,SUM,TIMELIMIT,THROUGHPUT,CONSTRUCTIONSCALEANDUSINGCONDITIONOFENGINEERINGALSOINCLUDESHANDINGOVERBILL,EXPLANATIONOFEMBEDDEDCONSTRUCTIONANDACTUALBUDGETOFACOMPLETEDPROJECT,ESPECIALLYTHEACTUALBUDGETOFACOMPLETEDPROJECTITISALLAROUNDDOCUMENTTHATREFLECTCONSUMPTIONCOSTOFTHEWHOLECAPITALCONSTRUCTION,ITALSOCANSUMUPTHEWHOLECONSTRUCTIONWORKBYCURRENCYINDEXWHENALLTHECONSTRUCTIONWORKHAVEBEENCHECKEDANDACCEPTED,ITSHOULDBEHANDEDOVERPRODUCTIONDEPARTMENTIMMEDIATELYANDTRANSACTEDTHEDELIVERINGFORMALITY,STRENGTHENTHEMANAGEMENTPOWEROFCAPITALASSERTSTHEPROJECTOFCURINGANDMAINTENANCEREFRESHANDTECHNOLOGYALTERATION,ANDITSHOULDBECARRIEDOUTACCORDINGTOCAPITALCONSTRUCTPROCEDUREANDSOMEREGULARCONSTITUTEDBYMINISTRYOFCOMMUNICATIONSINPRINCIPLE4CAPITALCONSTRUCTIONINVESTMENTFUNDCONSTITUTION41CAPITALCONSTRUCTIONINVESTMENTALLTHEFINANCENEEDEDDURINGTHEPERIODFROMPREPARATIONTOCONSTRUCTTOCHECKINGANDACCEPTED,UNTILTHEPROJECTWASDELIVERED42THEINVESTMENTSOURCEOFCAPITALCONSTRUCTIONINOURCOUNTRY421STATEINVESTMENTFUNDWILLBEARRANGEDSTEPBYSTEPBYSTATEBUDGET,FINANCEAPPROPRIATEDFUNDS422LOCALINVESTMENTBESIDESSTATEBUDGET,EVERYLOCALDEPARTMENTWILLRAISEMONEYACCORDINGTOTHESTATEREGULAR423LOANFROMBANKACCORDINGTOTHEPRINCIPLEOFCREDITFREEWILL,BANKWILLBETHEPRINCIPLEPARTTHEBANKWILLEARNTHEINTERESTACCORDINGTOECONOMICCONTRACTANDTHEPERIODWILLNOLONGERTHAN10YEARS424FOREIGNCAPITALATTHEDIRECTIONOFSTATEPOLICY,FOREIGNADVANCEDTECHNOLOGYANDCAPITALWILLBEINTRODUCEDACTIVITYANDCAREFULLYINORDERTOOFFSETLACKOFCONSTRUCTIONCAPITALINOURCOUNTRY,ACCELERATINGTHEDEVELOPMENTOFECONOMYCONSTRUCTIONINOURCOUNTRY425OTHERFUNDSOURCEAFFILIATIONSOURCE,STOCKINVESTMENT,EMITTINGBOUND,ETCHIGHWAYTRANSPORTATIONISINTENSE,CONSTRUCTIONFUNDSARESHORTINOURCOUNTRYPOLICYOFDEVELOPINGCOMMUNICATIONESTABLISHSPECIALFUNDSFORHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONINCREASEHIGHWAYMAINTENANCETAXASSESUPONAPPENDEDTAXWHENBUYINGAUTOMOBILERAISEFUNDSANDLOANBUILDINGHIGHWAY,SINGLEGREATBRIDGE,DRAWINGINSOMEMONEYINORDERTOPAYFORTHEINTERESTENSURETHERETURNOFENERGYRESOURCEANDCOMMUNICATIONFUNDS,EXECUTINGTHEPOLICYOF“LABORINSTEADOFRELIEVER”ANDOTHERMEASURESALLTHEMEASURESARETOMAINTAINTHELONGTERMANDSTABLESOURCE13HIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONPROCEDURECONSTRUCTIONPROCEDUREMEANINGTHEPROCEDURETHATCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONSHOULDOBEYDURINGTHEPERIODFROMACCEPTINGCONSTRUCTIONTASKTOPROJECTCOMPLETIONINCLUDINGACCEPTINGCONSTRUCTIONTASK,GIVENCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACT,CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT,CHECKANDACCEPT1GIVENCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACT11THEREISTHREEKINDOFSTYLETHATCONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONACCEPTCONSTRUCTIONTASK111SUPERIORDEPARTMENTDISPOSALTASKUNIFORMLY,ARRANGEPLAN112AGREEDBYSUPERIOR,CONSTRUCTIONORGANIZATIONACCEPTTASKFROMOTHERENTERPRISE113BIDDINGANDGAINTASK12THEREQUESTWHENACCEPTINGTASK121INVESTIGATINGANDVERIFYINGWHETHERTHEPROJECTHASBEENTOPLACEONSTATECONSTRUCTIONPLAN122FEASIBILITYSTUDYREPORTANDINITIALDESIGNDOCUMENTORCONSTRUCTIONDOCUMENTDESIGNANDGENERALESTIMATEORBUDGETDOCUMENTHAVEBEENRATIFIED13STYLESOFACCEPTINGTASK131GIVENCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTTOBEAFFIRMED132CONTENTSOFCONSTRUCTIONCONTRACTBASISOFCONTRACT,STYLEOFCONTRACT,WORKSSCOPE,CONSTRUCTIONQUALITY,CONSTRUCTIONPERIOD,PROJECTCOST,SUPPLYINGOFTECHNIQUEANDMATERIALS,STYLESOFAPPROPRIATEDFUNDSANDSETTLINGACCOUNT,CLAUSEOFREWARDSANDPUNISHMENT,ETC2CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATION21SENSEOFCONSTRUCTIONPREPARATION211CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATIONCANESTABLISHNECESSARYTECHNIQUEANDSUBSTANCECONDITIONSTHATPLANNINGPROJECTNEEDED212CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATIONISTHEBASISOFMANAGINGFORRESULTS,CARRYINGOUTTECHNIQUEANDECONOMYCONTRACTWORKINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLAN213ENSURECONSTRUCTIONWORKTROUBLEFREEOPERATION214UTILIZINGENTERPRISESPREDOMINANCE,SUPPLYINGMATERIALSREASONABLY,ACCELERATINGCONSTRUCTIONSPEED,IMPROVINGCONSTRUCTIONQUALITY,REDUCINGPROJECTCOST22TECHNIQUEPREPARATION221BEFAMILIARWITHANDCHECKDESIGNDOCUMENT,DRAWINGSANDRELATEDDATUM1ARRANGEMENTOFEVERYKINDOFPLANWHETHERDRAWINGSANDDATUMACCORDWITHRELATEDPOLICYOFOURCOUNTRYWHETHERTHEDRAWINGSISALLREADYWHETHERTHEREAREMISTAKESANDCONTRACTIONINCONTENTSBEINCONTROLOFDESIGNCONTENTSANDTECHNIQUECONDITIONS,PROJECTSCALE,STRUCTURECHARACTERSANDFORM2WHETHERTHEDATUMOFHYDROLOGY,GEOLOGYWEATHER,ROCKSANDSOONTHATDESIGNDOCUMENTBASEDONISNICETY,RELIABLEANDALREADY（3）CHECKTHEROUTE,CONTROLPOINTPOSITIONOFSTRUCTURE,SEIZE,ETC（4）INTERFERENCEFROMOTHERSTRUCTUREANDTHESOLUTION（5）THEMEASURETOBADNESSPLOTINGEOLOGY（6）WHETHERCONSTRUCTIONSCHEME,LAYOUTOFSTOCKGROUND,TRANSPORTATIONSTYLEANDROADCONDITIONISACCORDINGTOPRACTICE（7）WHETHERTHELAYOUTOFTEMPORARYESTABLISHMENTISSUITABLE（8）WHETHERALLTHEWRITTENAGREEMENTSAREALREADY（9）ENSURECONSTRUCTIONPERIOD222SUPPLYSURVEYDATUM223WORKOUTCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLANTHATCANBEPUTINTOPRACTICE224ORGANIZINGPERSONNELSENTINADVANCE,PREPARINGLOGISTICS23PREPARINGFORJOBLOCATION231MEASURINGOCCUPYINGFLOORAREAANDTHESCOPEOFLANDEXPROPRIATED232LEVELOFFGROUNDANDCONSTRUCTIONSTAKINGOUT233BUILTTEMPORARYESTABLISHMENT234LAYOUTOFSTOCKGROUND235FULFILLMATERIALSSUPPLYING236ESTABLISHCONSTRUCTIONSITETESTINGLABORATORY237SETUPCONSTRUCTIONINSTITUTE,EDUCATINGBEFOREINPOST3CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT31HAVINGBEENREADYFORCONSTRUCTION,PUTTINGINSTARTINGREPORTTOSUPERVISEENGINEER,THECONSTRUCTIONDEPARTMENTCANSTARTWORKINGAFTERAGREED32CARRYINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONACCORDINGTOPROCEDUREANDSCHEME,CONTROLLINGCONSTRUCTIONPERIOD,INVESTMENTANDQUALITY33DOCUMENTNEEDEDINCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT1DESIGNDOCUMENT2SPECIFICANDOPERATINGINSTRUCTSFORCONSTRUCTION3EVERYKINDOFQUOTA4WORKINGDRAWINGESTIMATE5CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLAN6QUALITYTECHNIQUEANDEVALUATIONSTANDARDFORHIGHWAYENGINEERINGANDSPECIFICOFCONSTRUCTIONCHECKINGANDACCEPTINGFORHIGHWAYENGINEERING4CHECKINGANDACCEPTINGAFTERCHECKINGANDACCEPTING41ALLTHECONSTRUCTIONPROJECTANDUNITPROJECTSHOULDBECONSTRUCTEDACCORDINGTODESIGNDOCUMENT42BASEDONSOMERELATEDREGULATION,ACCORDINGTODESIGNDOCUMENT,QUALITYEVALUATION,CHECKINGANDACCEPTINGTHEPROJECT14INVESTIGATEHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT1INVESTIGATEHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTTHEACTIVITIESCOLLECTINGANDSTUDYINGRELATEDDATUMFORWORKINGOUTCONSTRUCTION2THEQUALITYANDSTAGEOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTINVESTIGATE21SURVEYANDDESIGNSTAGETHEINVESTIGATIONFORWORKINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLANANDHASTHEPROPERTYOFSURVEYANDSTUDY22THESTAGEOFCONSTRUCTIONPREPARATIONTHEINVESTIGATIONFORWORKINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLANANDHASTHEPROPERTYOFCALLBACKANDCOMPLEMENTARITY3RECONNAISSANCE31JOBLOCATIONANDLANDFORMANDGEOMORPHYALONGTHEROUTE32OBSTACLEOVERGROUNDANDINBUILTSTRUCTUREUNDERGROUND33OTHERSTHATMUSTBESURVEYEDPRACTICALLY4COLLECTINGDATUMOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLAN41CONSTRUCTIONDEPARTMENTANDSTYLEOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT42WEATHERDATUM43HYDROLOGICALGEOLOGY44TECHNIQUEECONOMY1AVAILABLEBUILDINGS2OUTSOURCINGMATERIALS3MATERIALSEXPLOITEDBYONESELF4LOCALLOBAR45TRANSPORTATION46WATERSUPPLY,CURRENTSUPPLY,COMMUNICATION47CONVENIENCEGOODSSUPPLYANDOTHERS5INVESTIGATEGENERALESTIMATEANDBUDGET51COMPLEMENTARYPRESCRIPTANDRELATEDDOCUMENTFROMLOCALGOVERNMENTANDSTAFFFUNCTION52CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTSTYLEANDWAGESTANDARD53CONSTRUCTIONMATERIALS54TRANSPORTATION55COMPENSATIONFORTHELANDOCCUPIEDANDREMOVAL56CROSS57AVAILABLEBUILDINGANDWATERSUPPLYANDCURRENTSUPPLY58CHARGEFOREQUIPMENT,TOOLS,APPARATUSANDFURNITURE59AGREEMENTDOCUMENTANDCONTRACT15SUBJECTEDINVESTIGATED1SUBJECTEDINVESTIGATED11CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTPLANISASUBJECTSTUDYINGVARIOUSELEMENTSTHATCANBEORGANIZEDREASONABLYINTHEPROCESSOFHIGHWAYENGINEERINGCONSTRUCTION12STUDYINGSENSEARRANGEDREASONABLYANDSCIENTIFICALLYTHINKINGABOUTMANPOWER,FUND,MATERIALS,MACHINES,JOBPRACTICE2TASKOFHIGHWAYCONSTRUCTIONMANANGEMENT21ENSUREVARIOUSPREPARATIONWORKBEFORESTARTINGWORK22COUNTTHENUMBEROFMANDAY23ENSURECONSTRUCTIONSCHEME,CHOOSECONSTRUCTIONMACHINESANDTOOLS24ARRANGECONSTRUCTIONSEQUENCE,WORKINGOUTCONSTRUCTIONSCHEDULEPLAN25DISPOSALCONSTRUCTIONGROUND26ESTABLISHAVAILABLETECHNICALMEASURESTOENSUREPROJECTQUALITYANDSAFETY3THEPROPERTYOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTSUBJECTOFHIGHWAYANDTHEDUTYOFTHISCOURSEOMITTEDCHAPTER2MANAGEMENTPRINCIPLEINCONSTRUCTIONPROCESS21PRINCIPLEOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT1TYPEOFCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSTHEPROCESSOFPRODUCINGARCHITECTUREPRODUCTIONSITISMADEUPOFASERIESCONSTRUCTIONACTIVITIESPROCESSOFCONSTRUCTIONCANBEDIVIDEDACCORDINGTOTHEPROPERTYANDEFFECTTOTHEPRODUCT11CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATIONALLPREPARATIONOFPRODUCTIONTECHNIQUEBEFORETHEPRODUCTIONSAREMANUFACTUREDSUCHASFEASIBILITYSTUDY,EXPLORATIONSURVEY,CONSTRUCTIONPREPARATION,ETC12BASICCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSALLTHEPRODUCTIONACTIVITIESFORFINISHINGPRODUCTIONSDIRECTLYSUCHASEXCAVATIONFORFOUNDATION,MASONRYFOUNDATION,ETC13ASSISTANTCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSALLKINDSOFASSISTANTACTIVITIESFORGUARANTYINGBASICCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSSUCHASPOWERSUPPLY,MAINTAINMACHINESANDEQUIPMENT,EXPLOITMATERIALSANDMACHINING,ETC14CONSTRUCTIONSERVICEPROCESSALLKINDSOFSERVICEPROCESSFORBASICCONSTRUCTIONANDASSISTANTCONSTRUCTIONSUCHASRAWANDPROCESSEDMATERIALFUELSUPPLYING,TRANSPORTATION,ETC2THECONSTRUCTIONPROCESSCONSISTOFFROMTHENEEDOFCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT,THEPROCEDUREOFCONSTRUCTIONCANBEDIVIDED21ACTIONANDOPERATIONACTIONTHEBASICACTIVITIESFINISHEDFORONETIMEWHENWORKINGSUCHASPLASTIC,ROLLINGOPERATIONCONSISTOFANUMBEROFRELATEDACTIONSSUCHASLAYINGMATERIALS,ROLLINGTHETIMECONSUMEDANDSPACEENGAGEDFORFINISHINGANACTIONARETHEMOSTDATUMTOCONSTITUTEQUOTA22PROCESSCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSTHATUNDIVIDEDINWORKMANAGEMENT,SIMILARINCONSTRUCTIONTECHNOLOGYITCONSISTOFNUMBERSOFOPERATIONTHEOBJECTOFCONSTRUCTIONAREUSUALLYPROCESSESSUCHASBEDCOURSE,BASECOURSE,SURFACECOURSE23OPERATIONPROCESSCONSISTOFRELATEDPROCESSINTECHNOLOGY,ITISADETAILEDPROJECTCANBEFINISHEDINDEPENDENTLYSUCHASSUBGRADE,ROADSURFACE,BRIDGEANDCULVERT24SYNTHESIZEDPROCESSTHECONSTRUCTIONPROCESSSUMMATIONTHATGAINAKINDOFPRODUCTIONRELATEDINNUMBERSOFPRODUCTIONSTRUCTURESUCHASROUTEPROJECT3MANAGEMENTPRINCIPLEFORCONSTRUCTIONPROCESS31THECONTINUITYINCONSTRUCTIONTHESIGNIFICANCEOFKEEPINGCONTINUITYINCONSTRUCTIONSHORTENCONSTRUCTIONPERIOD,REDUCINGTHENUMBEROFDEGRADEDPRODUCTS,SAVINGFLOWCAPITAL,AVOIDINGLOSSWHENPARKING,HAVINGAGREATECONOMYSIGNIFICANCETOIMPROVEPRODUCINGEFFICIENCY32COLLABORATIONINCONSTRUCTIONTHEAMOUNTOFPEOPLE,PRODUCTIONEFFICIENCY,AMOUNTOFEQUIPMENTSHOULDCOOPERATEWITHEACHOTHERINCONSTRUCTIONSOASTOUTILIZEALLTHELABORFORCEANDEQUIPMENTSUFFICIENTLY33EQUILIBRIUMINCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSALLTHECONSTRUCTIONTACHESHOULDBEINTERMOFTHEPRODUCTIONPLAN,BURTHENSHOULDBEKEPTSTABLEAVOIDINGUNSTABLE34ECONOMICALCONSTRUCTIONPROCESSCONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENTSHOULDCONSIDERINGBENEFIT22SC