论中西饮食文化差异毕业论文

外国语学院本科毕业论文ONDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYCULTURES论中西饮食文化差异院系外国语学院专业英语班级2009级本科（7）班学号11023012027学生姓名指导教师职称讲师2013年4月ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIWOULDLIKETOEXTENDMYSINCEREGRATITUDETOALLTHOSEWHOHAVEEVERHELPEDANDENCOURAGEDMEDURINGTHEWRITINGOFTHISTHESISOTHERWISEMYWORKWOULDNOTHAVEBEENSOSMOOTHLYFULFILLEDMYDEEPESTGRATITUDEGOESFIRSTANDFOREMOSTTOMRSGUO,MYSUPERVISOR,FORHERCONSTANTENCOURAGEMENTANDGUIDANCESHEHASWALKEDMETHROUGHALLTHESTAGESOFTHEWRITINGOFTHISTHESISWITHOUTHERCONSISTENTANDILLUMINATINGINSTRUCTION,THISTHESISCOULDNOTHAVEREACHEDITSPRESENTFORMSECOND,IWOULDLIKETOEXPRESSMYHEARTFELTGRATITUDETOPROFESSORWANGXUELINGTHANKYOUFORLEADINGMEINTOTHEDOOROFINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONWHICHHASREALLYBROADENEDMYHORIZONSANDENRICHEDMYLIFETHANKYOUFORBEINGSOPATIENT,SOSUPPORTIVEANDIAMEXCEEDINGLYPROUDOFBEINGYOURSTUDENTIAMALSOGREATLYINDEBTEDTOTHEPROFESSORSANDTEACHERSATTHEFOREIGNLANGUAGEDEPARTMENTOFXINXIANGUNIVERSITYWHOHAVEINSTRUCTEDANDHELPEDMEALOTINTHEPASTTWOYEARSLASTBUTNOTLEAST,MYHEARTFELTAPPRECIATIONANDEVERLASTINGAFFECTIONGOTOMYBELOVEDFAMILYFORTHEIRLOVINGCONSIDERATIONSANDBOUNDLESSCONFIDENCEINMEALLTHROUGHTHESEYEARSMOTHERANDFATHERTHANKYOUFORBRINGINGMEINTOTHISWORLDANDALWAYSGIVINGMETHESTRENGTHTOSTRIVEFORMYGOALSTHEIRSELFLESSLOVECONSTANTLYSHINESONME,ANDLIGHTSUPMYWORLDIALSOOWEMYSINCEREGRATITUDETOMYFRIENDSANDMYFELLOWCLASSMATESWHOGAVEMETHEIRHELPANDTIMEINLISTENINGTOMEANDHELPINGMETOWORKOUTMYPROBLEMSDURINGTHEDIFFICULTCOURSEOFTHETHESISABSTRACTDIFFERENCEINDIETARYCULTUREISONEOFTHEPROBLEMSTHATWESHOULDPAYMOREATTENTIONCHINAISACOUNTRYWITHALONGHISTORYANDBOASTSAVARIETYOFCUISINESCHINESEDIETARYCULTUREHASBEENALWAYSINTHELEADINGPOSITIONOFTHEWORLDFROMTHEPASTTONOW,ANDITISALSOTHEVERYIMPORTANTPARTOFTHECHINESECULTURETHEWESTERNDIETARYCULTUREHASITSTYPICALFEATURES,BEINGFAST,HYGIENIC,NUTRITIOUSANDSCIENTIFICCHINESEDIETARYCULTUREPURSUESTHESYNTHETICBEAUTYSUCHASCOLOR,SMELL,TASTE,FLAVOR,SOUND,ANDTHEENVIRONMENTTHECOMPARATIVESTUDYATTEMPTEDBYTHEAUTHORINTENDSTOPROMOTETHEMUTUALUNDERSTANDINGANDCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENCHINAANDTHEWESTERNITISIMPORTANTFORNATIONSTOUNDERSTANDEACHOTHERINTHECOOPERATION,NATIONSGAINMOREBENEFITSFROMMUTUALHELPANDMAKEEVERYBODYENJOYAHAPPYLIFETHEFINDINGSINTHISTHESISWILLHELPNATIONSTODRAWONEACHOTHERSMERITSANDMAKEMUTUALPROGRESSKEYWORDSDIETCULTURALDIFFERENCE摘要饮食文化的差异就是值得我们关注的话题之一。中国有着悠久的历史与引以为傲的各种各样的烹饪技术。直到今天中国的饮食文化一直处于世界的领先位置，它已经成为中国文化中的重要的一部分。西方饮食文化讲究快捷方便、卫生、营养、科学。中国的饮食文化追求色、香、味、行、意和环境。希望通过中西饮食文化的比较，增进两种文化间的理解和交流，进而互相学习，取长补短，和谐共处，共同发展。国与国之间需要了解彼此。在合作中，帮助彼此得到更多的利益而是每一个人享受快乐生活。这就是理想，只要大家去做，世界会变得美好。关键词饮食；文化；不同CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIABSTRACTII摘要IIIINTRODUCTION111BACKGROUND112PURPOSE113THEHISTORYANDPOSITIONOFFOODCULTUREINCHINAANDWEST114FOODCULTURE1141CHARACTERISTICSOFCHINESEFOODCULTURE2142CHARACTERISTICSOFWESTERNFOODCULTURE2ANALYSISOFCULTURALDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARY321DIFFERENCESINCONCEPTS322DIFFERENCESINTARGETS423DIFFERENCESINTHEDIETARYPATTERNS624DIFFERENCESINTHENATURE725DIFFERENCESINTHEETIQUETTE826DIFFERENCESINDIETARYHABITS8261DIFFERENCESINTABLEWARE8262DIFFERENCESINCOOKINGMETHODS9263DIFFERENCESINDAILYDIET10CONCLUSION1031MAJORFINDINGS1132IMPLICATION1133LIMITATION11BIBLIOGRAPHY13INTRODUCTION11BACKGROUNDFOODISONLYONEASPECTOFCULTURALTRADITIONS,YETITISPROBABLYONEOFTHEMOSTPERSISTENTTHEREISNOCULTURALGROUPANDNOINDIVIDUALFORWHOMATLEASTONESPECIFICFOODFOODPLAYSANINEXTRICABLEROLEINOURDAILYLIVESWITHOUTFOODWECANNOTSURVIVEBUTFOODISMUCHMORETHANATOOLOFSURVIVALFOODISASOURCEOFPLEASURE,COMFORTANDSECURITYFOODISALSOASYMBOLOFHOSPITALITY,SOCIALSTATUS,ANDRELIGIOUSSIGNIFICANCEWHATWESELECTTOEAT,HOWWEPREPAREIT,SERVEIT,ANDEVENHOWWEEATITAREALLFACTORSPROFOUNDLYTOUCHEDBYOURINDIVIDUALCULTURALINHERITANCE12PURPOSETHECONTENTAIMSTOUNDERSTANDTHEDIFFERENCEBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNCUISINECULTURECULTURALDIFFERENCESINTHEHABITSOFDIETSBETWEENCHINESEANDTHEWESTERNREFLECTTHEDIFFERENTCONCEPTSABOUTTHEDIETARYSTATUS,EATINGFOODANDDIETARYHABITSTHROUGHTHEANALYSISOFDIETARYDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODCULTURE,WEGETTOKNOWTHECULTURALTRADITIONSOFBOTHCHINAANDTHEWESTITLETUSSETUPANINVINCIBLEPOSITIONINTHECOMPETITIONATTHESAMETIMEITCANIMPROVEANDINNOVATEFORTHECHINESECULTURETHESENATIONSSHOULDMUTUALHELPANDSTUDYEACHOTHERSOTHATWECANMAKEOURWORLDMOREHARMONIOUSTHANBEFORE13THEHISTORYANDPOSITIONOFFOODCULTUREINCHINAANDWESTCHINAENJOYSTHEFAMEOFFOODKINGDOMFORTHOUSANDSYEAR,SOPEOPLELIVINGHEREFOCUSSOMUCHONTASTEASATRADITIONAFTERCENTURIESOFEVOLUTIONONCOOKING,CHINESECUISINESHARESAGREATMARKETININTERNATIONALFOODTABLECHINESECHIEFPAYTHEIRATTENTIONONTHREEPARTSVARIETYCHOICEOFMATERIALS,COMPLEXITYOFCOOKINGSTYLE,WIDERANGEOFTASTEASANOTHERECONOMICANDCULTURALCENTER,THEWESTERNWORLD,ITALSOPRODUCESANIMPORTANTFOODCULTURESYSTEMINTHISSYSTEM,FRANCE,BRITAINANDTHEUNITEDSTATESARETHETHREEMAJORBRANCHESTHEYAFFECTTHEWORLDFORTHEIRUNIQUECULTURALCONNOTATIONSASTHETWOMAJORFOODCULTURES,THEIRMUTUALINFLUENCEANDFUSIONWILLIMPROVECULTURALDIVERSITYOFTHEWORLDTHISISTHESIGNIFICANCEOFCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODCULTUREPRECISELYSTUDIES14FOODCULTUREFOODCULTUREREFERSTOTHETECHNICAL,SCIENTIFICANDARTISTICASPECTSINTHEPROCESSOFTHEFOODPRODUCTIONANDFOODCONSUMPTION,THEDEVELOPMENTANDUT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ECTSOF“DELICIOUS”,IAMAFRAIDTHATITWILLBEDIFFICULTTOANSWERTHISSHOWSTHATWHICHCHINESEPEOPLEHANKERONADIETISJUSTTHE“MOOD”THATISDIFFICULTFORONETOSAYANYTHINGEVENUSINGTHECOLOR,FLAVOR,SHAPEANDIMPLEMENTWHICHPEOPLEOFTENSAIDTOMAKETHEREALMREIFICATION,IAMAFRAIDITISSTILLDIFFICULTTOCROWNALLTHEBEAUTYPURSUITOFCHINESECUISINEISDISTINCTLYOVERRIDINGTHERATIONALPURSUITTHISCONCEPTOFDIETISALSOCOINCIDINGWITHTHETRADITIONALCHINESEPHILOSOPHYCHINESEPHILOSOPHYISAREPRESENTATIVEOFORIENTALPHILOSOPHYITSDISTINGUISHINGFEATURESARETHEMACRO,VISUAL,VAGUEANDEVASIVECHINESECOOKINGMETHODISTORECONCILE,ANDTHEULTIMATEGOALISTORECONCILEOUTOFAPLEASINGTASTETHEMAINSTRESSISMEASUREDANDTHEOVERALLCOORDINATIONITCONTAINSAWEALTHOFDIALECTICSOFCHINESEPHILOSOPHY,ANDALLTHESEDEPENDONTHEDEGREEOFTHEWONDERFULFLAVORANDHARMONYOFDISHTHEEVERCHANGINGWITHINDEGREESDECIDESTHECHANGEABLEOFCHINESEFOOD,ANDITALSODECIDESTHECHARACTERISTICSOFCHINESEFOODASWELLASTHECHARACTERISTICSONEACHOFTHECHEFS22DIFFERENCESINTARGETSALLDIETCANNOTBEDONEWITHOUTVEGETABLESTHEWORD“DISH”ISFORTHESOUNDINCHINA,ANDITALWAYSHASSOMETHINGTODOWITHTHEPLANTSACCORDINGTOASURVEYOFWESTERNPLANTSSCHOLAR,THEREARE600VARIETIESOFVEGETABLES,SIXTIMESMORETHANINTHEWESTINFACT,VEGETABLEDISHISUSUALFOODMEATDISHENTERSTHENORMALDIETONLYONHOLIDAYSORHIGHERLIVINGSTANDARDS,SOSINCEANCIENTTIMES,ANDTHEREWASASAYINGOF“FRESHVEGETABLES”MANDARINLANGUAGE“COMMONPEOPLEEATFRESHVEGETABLES,FISHONLYOFFEREDINTHEWORSHIP”ITISSAIDTHATFRESHVEGETABLESAREMAINLYTOTHECIVILIANINGENERAL,ONLYBEINGABLETOEATMEATONLYINWORSHIPVEGETARIANDIETTAKESTHEDOMINANTPOSITIONINTHENORMALSTRUCTURECHINESEPEOPLECONSIDERTHEVEGETABLESASTHEMAINDISHITHASINEXTRICABLYLINKEDWITHTHEADVOCACYOFBUDDHISTSTHEYDEEMANIMALSAS“PEOPLE”ANDPLANTSHAVE“NOSOUL”SO,THEYADVOCATEVEGETARIANISMWESTERNERSDONOTSEEMTOHAVESUCHAGOODHABITTHEYUPHOLDACULTURALORIGINOFNOMADIC,SEAFARINGNATIONLIVINGMAINLYBYFISHINGANDHUNTING,COLLECTIONANDPLANTINGAREJUSTTHECOMPLEMENTTHEREAREMOREMEATDISHESINTHEIRLIVESFEEDING,CLOTHING,ANDUSINGARETAKENFROMTHEANIMALS,ANDEVENWESTERNMEDICINEISDERIVEDFROMANIMALSWHENTHEWESTERNERSINTRODUCETHEDIETCHARACTERISTICSOFTHEIRCOUNTRIES,THEYALWAYSFEELTHATTHEIRDIETISMOREREASONABLEONTHEMIXOFNUTRITIONTHANCHINATHEFOODINDUSTRYISMOREDEVELOPED,SUCHASCANS,FASTFOOD,ALTHOUGHTHETASTEISMONOTONOUS,BUTITSAVESTIME,ANDITALSOHASGOODNUTRITIONTHEREFORE,INTHEIRCOUNTRIESPEOPLEAREGENERALLYHEALTHIERANDTALLERTHANCHINESE,ANDTHEPEOPLEHAVESTRONGSHOULDERSANDDEVELOPEDMUSCLESBUTCHINESEPEOPLELOOKSHORT,THEIRSHOULDERSNARROWANDLEGSTHIN,THEIRSKINYELLOWANDTHEIRBODYWEAKTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNFOODFORWESTERNERSTOJUDGETHEMERITSOFTHETWODIETISNOTJUSTIFIEDMRSUNHADPROFOUNDSTUDYOFTHECULTUREOFFOODANDINCISIVEEXPOSITIONINHISCOMPOSINGTHESCHEMEFORNATIONALRECONSTRUCTION,DETAILINGTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETPHENOMENON,HECONCLUDES“CHINESEORDINARYPEOPLEDRINKGREENTEA,ANDEATSIMPLEFOODSUCHASVEGETABLESANDTOFUFORMEALSUCHKINDSOFFOODARETHEMOSTHEALTHYANDBENEFICIALACCORDINGTOTHERESEARCHOFHYGIENISTTHEREFORE,THEREMOTEPEOPLEINCHINA,WHOSEDIETAREFARFROMMEATANDWINE,ALWAYSLIVEALONGLIFEALSOCHINAHASABIGPOPULATION,ANDCHINESEPEOPLEHAVEENORMOUSPOWERTORESISTDISEASE,BUTTHEYNEVERTRYTHENONDIET“HEADDED”THECHINESEVEGETARIANSALLEATTOFUTOFUISEXPECTEDASTHEREALMEATINPLANTS,ASITHASTHENUTRITIONTHATMEATHASITISTHEMEATWITHOUTTOXICMATERIALSSOTHECHINESEAREVEGETARIANUSEDTOBEACUSTOMWITHOUTTHEPROMOTIONOFSCHOLARSITISALSOACUSTOMTHATTHEEUROPEANANDAMERICANDRINKTHICKWINE,EATMEATANDFISHSOTHEREWASSCIENCEPROMOTIONBEFOREANDASEVERELAWLATER,SUCHASTHEUNITEDSTATESPROHIBITIONANDTHETRANSFERWILLNOTCARRYOUTINASHORTTIMEMRSUNSWORDSTELLOUTTHESCIENTIFICBENEFITSOFCHINESEDIETANDDISADVANTAGESOFWESTERNDIETACCORDINGTOTHECHARACTERISTICSOFTHESIGNIFICANTDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETTARGETS,THECHINESECHARACTERISCALLEDTHEPLANTCHARACTER,WHILETHEWESTERNERSISANIMALCHARACTERINRESPONSETOTHECULTURALBEHAVIORS,WESTERNERSLOVEADVENTURE,EXPLORATION,CONFLICTBUTTHECHINESEPEOPLEONLYLIKETOLIVEBANALLYACCORDINGTOAMERICANEXPERTONFOLKLORERUTHSOPINIONSONTHE“CULTURALPATTERN“THEORY,CHINESECULTUREISQUITESIMILARTOTHECLASSICALWORLDAPOLLOTYPECHARACTERANDWESTERNERSISSIMILARTOTHEMODERNWORLDFAUSTTYPEINDEED,THEWESTERNERSSUCHASAMERICANSINTHEDEVELOPMENTOFTHEWEST,THEYPUTTHEWHOLEFAMILYONTHETRUCK,ANDGOOUTOFTHECITYINAMIDRUMBLINGWITHTHESUPPLIESTHECHINESEPEOPLEAREALWAYSTHINKINGABOUT“HOME”AND“ROOTS”,DESPITETHEPROMOTIONTHATYOUNGPEOPLESHOULDTAKETHEWORLDASHOMEBUTAFTERAFEWDECADES,THEOVERSEASCHINESEWILLCOMEBACKTOTHEMAINLANDWITHCRUTCHTOSEEKTHEIRROOTSTHISCONCEPTOFRETURNANDSUCHHUMANSPIRITTHATCANONLYBESAIDTOCOOPERATEWITHTHEACCUMULATIONINTHEDIETTHENITBRINGSCOHESIVENESSTOTHECHINESENATIONANDTHENMAKESTHEHUMANFOLKFULLOFENERGY23DIFFERENCESINTHEDIETARYPATTERNSTHECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYPATTERNSCANBEVERYDIFFERENT,ANDTHESEDIFFERENCESAFFECTTHENATIONALCHARACTERINCHINA,ACELEBRATION,NOMATTERWHAT,THEREWILLBEONLYONEFORM,ASSITTINGTOGETHER,SHARINGONEFEASTBANQUETUSESROUNDTABLE,WHICHHASCREATEDAUNITYOFFORM,WHICHISCOURTESY,COMITYATMOSPHERECATEAREINTHECENTEROFTHETABLEITISTHEOBJECTSFORPEOPLETOAPPRECIATEANDTASTE,ANDITISALSOANINTERMEDIATEOFCOMMUNICATIONPEOPLETOASTEACHOTHERANDSHARETHEVEGETABLES,WHICHREFLECTTHEMUTUALRESPECTBETWEENPEOPLEINTHEFACEOFTHEGOODTHINGS,ALSOSHOWTHEVIRTUESOFCOMITYALTHOUGHFROMTHEHEALTHPOINTOFVIEW,THISAPPROACHHASOBVIOUSDEFICIENCIES,BUTITISINOURNATIONAL“HAPPY“MENTALITY,ITREFLECTSTHECLASSICALCHINESEPHILOSOPHYAREAOF“AND“IMPACTFORFUTUREGENERATIONSITISHELPFULTOFACILITATETHECOLLECTIVEEMOTIONALEXCHANGESANDCONSEQUENTLYDIFFICULTTOREFORMTHEWESTERNSTYLEBANQUETS,ALTHOUGHTHEFOODANDWINEAREVERYIMPORTANT,BUTINFACTTHEYAREJUSTFOILTHECOREOFBANQUETISFRIENDSHIP,BYTHECONVERSATIONWITHTHEGUESTSWHOSITTINGNEXTTOACHIEVETHEPURPOSEOFRECREATIONIFMAKINGANANALOGOUSCOMPAREBETWEENTHERECREATIONOFTHEBANQUETSANDDANCING,ITMAYBESAIDTHATTHECHINESEBANQUETISLIKEGROUPDANCE,ANDTHEWESTERNBANQUETISLIKEMENANDWOMENDANCINGTHISSHOWSTHATCOMMUNICATIONPURPOSEOFCHINESEBANQUETANDWESTERNBANQUETAREVERYOBVIOUSONLYTHECHINESEBANQUETISMOREPOPULARINTHECOMMUNION,BUTWESTERNBANQUETSHOWSGUESTSREFLECTEDINTHEFRIENDSHIPBETWEENNEIGHBORSTHEMOREOBVIOUSDIFFERENCESBETWEENCHINESEANDWESTERNDIETARYPATTERNSISBUFFETDINNERWHICHISPOPULARINTHEWESTTHISMETHODISTODISPLAYALLFOOD,ANDEVERYBODYISPICKINGNOTFIXEDINHISORHERPLACESTOEATTHEYWALKFREELYTHISAPPROACHWOULDPROVIDETHEEMOTIONALINTERACTIONBETWEENINDIVIDUALSTHEYNEVERNEEDTOPUTEVERYWORDONTHETABLETHISALSOSHOWSAWESTERNPERSONALITYANDSELFRESPECTHOWEVER,ALLTHEEATINGWITHOUTJAMMINGLACKSTHEREALAFFECTIVETONELIKETHECHINESEPEOPLESOMEPEOPLEWANTTOPUTTHEBUFFETINTHECHINESEFOOD,BUTITHINKITISNOTFEASIBLEZHANGQIJUNINTHEPRINCIPLESOFCOOKINGTELLSUSTHEMAINREASONFIRST,BUFFETISNOTLIKEDRINKINGTEADRINKINGTEAISJUSTTHETHINGTOYOUBEFOREYOUCHOOSE,ANDDISPLAYEDINTHECAFETERIATHEREISALARGENUMBEROFFOODTOEAT,SOWHENYOUWANTTOHAVEIT,ITISCOLDYETCHINESECUISINEWILLSERVEHOT,IFCOLD,NOTHINGTOEATSECONDLY,BUFFETDISHESONLYCANDOHARDDISHESANDBENEFICIALDISHESTHENYOUCANACCESSFORLARGEPLOTSANDTHOSEMOSTREPRESENTATIVEOFTHECHINESECULINARYARTS,SUCHASTHETENDERANDLIGHTERDISHES,ARENOTINTHISSHOWTHIRD,THEBUFFETCANDOSTEWINGPOTITMEANSABIGPOTINTERMSOFFOODANYSOPHISTICATEDCOOKINGOFADISHCANONLYBECOOKEDINAPOTATTWOMOST,ANDITISNOTABLETOCOOKTHEDISHFORDOZENSOFPEOPLESOITWILLNOTBEDELICIOUS,NEVERTALKINGOFTHETASTEUNDERSUCHCIRCUMSTANCES,ITISCLEARTHATTHEUSEOFBUFFETDINNERWILLDENYCHINESECULINARYARTSTHECHINESEPEOPLEAREDRINKINGAROUNDTHETABLETOSHOWHARMONYANDUNITY,BUTTHEBUFFETHASBROKENSUCHPATTERNITRAISESTHEPERSONALINDEPENDENCEANDSELFMENTIONEDATTHEFIRSTPLACETHISISTHEOPPOSITEOFTHESCALEOFTHEGREATUNITYOFALLCHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE24DIFFERENCESINTHENATUREDIFFERENCESINTHENATUREOFTHECHINESEANDWESTERNDIETAREINOSCULATEDWITHTHERESPECTIVELIFESTYLEANDTHEPACEOFLIFEINTHEWEST,PEOPLEDOTHEDUPLICATIONOFPIPELINEOPERATIONS,ANDIMPLEMENTPIECEWAGESYSTEM,SOTHEPACESOFTHEIRLIVESARESOFASTPEOPLEFALLUNDERTHEMECHANICALMETHODEITHERINTENTIONALLYORUNINTENTIONALLY,ANDBELIEVETHAT“WORKISWORK,ANDGAMEISGAME”MECHANICALLIVESLEDTOONENESSOFDIETORASINGLEBLINDABOUTDIET,ANDEATBEEFSTEAKANDPOTATOESEVERYDAYMONOTONOUSDIETISTHESAMEASWORK,FORWHICHTHEPURPOSESISTOFULFILLTHE“INCIDENT”,NATURALLYWITHNOINTERESTS,ANDALLTHESEHAVENOWORDINTERMSOFTASTEBUTCHINAISNOT,“THEGAM