毕业论文-英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵对比分析a contrastive study of basic color word’s cultural connotation in english and chinese

本科毕业论文（设计）英汉基本颜色词的文化内涵对比分析ACONTRASTIVESTUDYOFBASICCOLORWORDSCULTURALCONNOTATIONINENGLISHANDCHINESE学院贵州大学人民武装学院专业英语班级13级英语班学号学生姓名指导教师2015年4月3日ACONTRASTIVESTUDYOFBASICCOLORWORDSCULTURALCONNOTATIONINENGLISHANDCHINESEBYXIAOCHUNMEISUBMITTEDFORTHEDEGREEOFBACHELOROFARTSCOLLEGEOFPEOPLESARMEDFORCESGUIZHOUUNIVERSITYGUIYANG,CHINAAPRIL,2015CONTENTSACKNOWLEDGMENTSABSTRACT（ENGLISH）ABSTRACTCHINESECHAPTER1INTRODUCTION11THEORIGINANDSIGNIFICANCEOFTHETOPIC12THEVARIETYOFCOLORS13NECESSITYOFTHECONTRASTIVEANALYSIS14LIMITATIONSOFTHERESEARCHATHOMEANDABROAD15WRITINGIDEASANDMETHODSOFTHETHESISCHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW21STUDIESONENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDSATHOMEANDABROAD211STUDIESONENGLISHBASICCOLORWORDSABROAD2111STUDIESONBASICCOLORWORDSFROMTHEGENERAL2112STUDIESONBASICCOLORWORDSABOUTTHESEQUENTIALHYPOTHESIS2113SAPIRWHORFHYPOTHESIS212STUDIESONCHINESEBASICCOLORATHOME22SUMMARYCHAPTER3CONTRASTIVESTUDYONCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDS31INTRODUCTION32CONTRASTOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDS321“RED”和“红色”322“YELLOW”和“黄色”323“WHITE”和“白色”324“BLACK”和“黑色”325“BLUE”和“蓝色”326“GREEN”和“绿色”33CAUSESOFDISSIMILARITIESOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDS331ANALYSISOFTHECAUSESOFTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONDIFFERENCES3311DIFFERENCESFROMNATURALENVIRONMENT3312DIFFERENCESINRELIGIOUSBELIEF3313DIFFERENCESINHISTORICALCULTURECHAPTER4CONCLUSIONREFERENCES贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第I页ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSIWOULDLIKETOEXPRESSMYSINCEREGRATITUDETOMYTUTORXIAOJU,WHOHASGIVENMETENDERLOVINGANDGUIDANCETHESERIOUSNESSOFHERTEACHINGATTITUDE,RIGOROUSSCHOLARSHIPSPIRITANDPRECISEWORKSTYLEDEEPLYINFECTANDINSPIREMEFROMTHETOPICSELECTIONTOTHEFINALVERSION,MISSXIAOAREALWAYSCAREFULTOGIVEMEGUIDANCEANDINDEFATIGABLESUPPORTIWOULDLIKETOEXTENDMYSINCERETHANKSANDRESPECTTOMYTUTORIWOULDALSOLIKETHANKMYTEACHERMRZHOU,WHOHASSPARENOEFFECTTOFINDINFORMATIONABOUTMYTHESISANDPROVIDESOMEUSEFULSUGGESTIONSFORME,WHICHISVERYHELPFULTOMYWRITINGBESIDES,IALSOCANNOTFORGETMYCLASSMATES,WITHOUTYOURPATIENTSUPERVISIONANDCONSTANTENCOURAGEMENT,ICANNOTFINISHMYTHESISINTHOSEDAYS贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第II页ABSTRACTTHEWORLDWELIVEINISARESPLENDENTWITHVARIEGATEDCOLORANDRICHRESOURCESTERRITORYWHENFACINGOFNATURE,PEOPLEWILLSEETHEWORLDWITHARIOTOFCOLORSANDCATCHTHEEYEOFPEOPLEISTHENATUREOFTHEIROWNCOLORONLYSUCHMORECOLORS,CANWEMAKETHEWORLDLOOKEXTRAORDINARYVIVIDBECAUSEOFTHECOLORWORDS,OURHUMANBEINGSCANCONVEYOURTRUEFEELINGSFORTHEWORLDINTHEWHOLESOCIALLIFESOSPLENDIDDESPITETHECOLOROFTHEVISUALIMPRESSIONISNOTMUCHDIFFERENCE,LANGUAGEISTHEPRODUCTOFCULTUREANDTHECOLORWORDSARECLOSELYLINKEDWITHNATIONALCULTURALCHARACTERISTICSALTHOUGHTHEFACTTHATDIFFERENTETHNICCOLORVALUESARENOTTHESAME,THEREARETHESAMEBASICCOLORSINTHETHETWOLANGUAGESOFENGLISHANDCHINESESUCHASRED/红，YELLOW/黄，WHITE/白，GREEN/绿，BLUE/蓝，BLACK/黑，PURPLE/紫，GREY/灰ANDSOONALLOFTHESEBASICCOLORWORDSARENOTONLYOFTENCLOSELYRELATEDWITHTHECULTUREOFVARIOUSNATIONALITIES,BUTALSOREFLECTTHEDIFFERENTLIVINGHABITSFROMANCIENTTIMESTOTHEPRESENT,THEENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSARECONSTANTLYIMPROVINGANDDEVELOPINGFIVETHOUSANDYEARSOFCHINESESPLENDIDCULTUREENDOWEDWITHRICHCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCHINESECOLORWORDSTHEINCREASINGLYFREQUENTCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATIONBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEADDSSOMENEWMEANINGSFORTHEBASICCOLORWORDSHOWEVER,OWNINGTOTHECOLORWORDSBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESEHAVEMANYDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSANDOFTENLEADTOMISUNDERSTANDINGINCROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,SOITHASGREATSIGNIFICANCEANDEFFECTTOSTUDYTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMSFORTHISTHESISTHISTHESISSTUDYONTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMSAREDIVIDEDINTOFOURPARTSTODISCUSSTHEFIRSTCHAPTERISTHELITERATUREREVIEW,INTHISCHAPTER,IWILLREVIEWTHEDOMESTICANDFOREIGNSCHOLARSSTUDYFORTHECOLORWORDSANDTHEIRACHIEVEMENTSTHESECONDCHAPTERWILLELABORATETHEFUNCTIONSWHICHISUSEDTOANALYSISTHEDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFTHEBASICCOLORINENGLISHANDCHINESEINTHETHIRDCHAPTER,IWILLCONTRASTANDANALYSISTHECAUSESOFDISSIMILARITIESOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSINENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDSTHEFOURTHCHAPTERWILLFURTHEREXPOUNDTHESIGNIFICANCEOFANALYSISINGTHEDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMS,ANDTHEENLIGHTENMENTTHATBRINGSFROMTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMSINTHECROSSCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,SECONDLANGUAGELEARNINGASARESULT,THISTHESISWILLFURTHEREMPHASIZETHECLOSERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREKEYWORDSBASICCOLORWORDS,CULTURALCONNOTATION,CONTRASTIVERESEARCH贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第II页摘要我们所生活的世界是个五光十色、丰富多彩的世界。当人面对自然，看见这个五彩缤纷的世界时，首先映入人们眼帘的就是大自然自身的色彩；正是因为有了色彩，我们的世界才会显得这么的格外生动；因为有了颜色词，我们人类才能够在整个社会生活中如此美妙细致地传达自己对缤纷世界的真实感受。尽管我们对颜色的视觉印象并无太大的差异，但是，同时语言也是文化的产物，颜色词是与民族文化特点联系极为密切的一类词。尽管说不同的民族之间的颜色观念不尽相同，但是在英汉这两种语言当中却有着相同的基本颜色词，诸如RED/红，YELLOW/黄，WHITE/白，GREEN/绿，BLUE/蓝，BLACK/黑，PURPLE/紫，GREY/灰，这些基本颜色词经常与各个民族的文化紧密相关，也是各民族文化的反映。从古至今，英汉颜色词在不断的丰富和发展，中华民族五千年灿烂的文明赋予了汉语颜色词丰富的文化内涵，当代日益频繁的跨文化交流又为英汉颜色词增添了新的含义，但是，由于英汉间的颜色词存在诸多不同的文化内涵，在跨文化交际中常常会引起误读，故本论文以研究中英基本颜色词文化内涵为内容具有非常大的意义与作用。本文对基本颜色词文化内涵的研究分四个部分进行讨论。第一章首先是文献回顾，在这一章当中，我将回顾国内外学者对颜色词所做出的研究及其研究成果。第二章阐述中英基本颜色词文化内涵对比分析所采用的功能。第三章中我将对英汉基本颜色词文化内涵差异所形成的原因进行对比分析。第四章进一步阐述了不同颜色词文化内涵对比分析的重要意义，以及颜色词文化内涵对比出的结果对跨文化交际、第二语言的学习所带来的启示，进一步强调了语言和文化之间的密不可分的关系。关键词基本颜色词；文化内涵；对比研究贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第1页CHAPTER1INTRODUCTION11THEORIGINANDSIGNIFICANCEOFTHETOPICALLOFUSLIVEINACOLORFULWORLD,THEREAREAGREATNUMBEROFCOLOREXPRESSIONSANDAGREATDEALOFCOLORWORDSUSEDTODESCRIBETHEDIFFERENTCOLORFULTHINGSINTHEWORLDOURWORLDHASANECESSARILYCLOSECONNECTIONWITHCOLOR,SOCOLORSAREINDISPENSABLETOOURDAILYLIFEANDSOCIALCOMMUNICATIONFOLLOWINGSENTENCESWILLBETAKENASANAPPRECIATION“MRBROWNISAVERYWHITEMANHEWASLOOKINGRATHERGREENTHEOTHERDAYHEWASINABROWNMOOD,WHENISAWHIMIHOPEHELLSOONBEINAPINKMOODAGAIN”WHENYOUREADTHISSENTENCE,YOUMAYFEELTHATTHETHESTRUCTUREISSOSIMPLEANDWETHEVOCABULARYISVERYEASYFORUS,HOWEVERITISDIFFICULTFORUSTOUNDERSTANDORTRANSLATETHISSENTENCETHEREASONLIESONTHATWEDONTKNOWWHATTHESEWORDSWOULDIMPLYINTHISSENTENCETHEREAREDIFFERENTCULTURALBACKGROUNDSRESPECTIVELYINENGLISHANDCHINESE,THISPHENOMENONCANBRINGABOUTDIFFERENTCULTURALCONNOTATIONOFTHESAMEBASICCOLORWORDSALTHOUGHBOTHLANGUAGESHAVESOMETHINGINCOMMONINCOLORWORDS,THESAMEWORDSALSOCANEXPRESSDIFFERENTMEANINGSFORTHEREASONTHATLANGUAGEISRESULTFROMLIFEANDINFLUENCEDBYCULTUREJUSTASFRENCHLINGUISTSAPIRWOLFSAID“THEREISSOMETHINGBEHINDLANGUAGEANDLANGUAGECANNOTEXISTWITHOUTCULTURE”LINGUITISM89HENCEWECANSAYTHATLANGUAGEISTHEREFLECTIONOFCULTURE,OURRECOGNITIONANDSOCIALORGANIZATIONWILLBEDIRECTLYINFLUENCEDBYCULTUREATTHESAMETIME12THEVARIETYOFCOLORSTHEWORLDISFULLOFCOLORS,WECANSEEBLUESHY,WHITECLOUDS,REDSUN,GREENTREES,YELLOWSOILANDSOONACCORDINGTOINCOMPLETESTATISTICS,THEREAREMORETHAN3,000COLORWORDSINENGLISHAND2,300INCHINESEATTHESAMETIME,SOMESCIENTIFICRESEARCHERSPOINTEDOUTWEAREABLETODISTINGUISHATLEAST7,000,000DIFFERENTCOLORSFROMHUMANSEYESSO,COLORSPLAYACRUCIALROLEINOURDAILYLIFE13NECESSITYOFTHECONTRASTIVEANALYSISCHINESEANDENGLISHCOLORWORDSARETHEBESTMATERIALFORTHESTUDYOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONTHROUGHMANYYEARSAGO,MANYSCIENTIFICRESEARCHERSMAKETHESTUDYANDCOMETOACONCLUSIONTHATCOLORSCANBEDIVIDEDINTOTWOCATEGORIESBASICCOLORANDOBJECTCOLOROWINGTOBOTHCOUNTRIESHAVESOMANYKINDSOFCOLORS,ITISNECESSARYFORUSTOFINDOUTTHECOMMONBASICCOLORWORDSTOCONTRAST14LIMITATIONSOFTHERESEARCHATHOMEANDABROADDOMESTICANDFOREIGNSCHOLARSHAVEDONESOMERESEARCHESONTHEAPPLICATIONOFCOLORWORDS,BUTTHESTUDYISRELATIVELYSELDOMSEENFORTHEDIFFERENCEOFCOLORWORDSINENGLISHANDCHINESECULTURECONNOTATIONANDTHEFORMATIONCAUSEOFCOMPARISONMANYSTUDIESAREONLYLIMITEDTOTHECOLORSOFTHECULTURESURFACEANDTHEYOFTENSTAYINTHEPHENOMENONOFLISTANDDESCRIPTION,ANALYSESANDINTERPRETATIVELEVELISRELATIVELYWEAKTHISPAPERMAINLYCOMPARESANDANALYZESTHEBASICCOLORWORDSCULTURALCONNOTATIONTHROUGHALOTOFEXAMPLESTOEXPLORETHEROOTOFTHEDIFFERENCESOFCOLORWORDSCULTURALCONNOTATIONINENGLISHANDCHINESE,SOTHATWECANUNDERSTANDANDUSETHESEBASICCOLORWORDSBETTERTOCONVEYTHECULTURALINFORMATIONOFTHECROSSINGCULTURALCOMMUNICATION15WRITINGIDEASANDMETHODSOFTHETHESISWEWILLDISCUSSTHECONTRASTOFTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONOFBASICCOLORSINENGLISHANDCHINESEINTHISTHESISTHISTHESISINCLUDESFOURCHAPTERSCHAPTERONEISLITERATUREREVIEW,INTHISCHAPTER,WEWILLREVIEWTHERESEARCHWHICHHAVEDONEFORCOLORWORDSANDTHEIRACHIEVEMENTSATHOMEANDABROADCHAPTERTWOISTHEMAINBODYOFTHETHESIS,IWILLSTATEANDLISTTHEFUNCTIONUSEDTOANALYSISTHECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMSINENGLISHANDCHINESEANDCOMPARETHEIRDIFFERENTPOINTSINCHAPTERTHREE,IWILLCOMPARATIVEANALYSISTHEREASONTHATTHEDIFFERENCESBETWEENENGLISHANDCHINESECULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFBASICCOLORTERMS,INCLUDINGRELIGIONS,TRADITIONS,NATURALENVIRONMENT,CUSTOMSANDPHILOSOPHYCHAPTERFOUREXPOUNDSTHEIMPORTANCEOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMSANDTHEENLIGHTENMENTWHICHISBROUGHTTOINTERCULTURALCOMMUNICATION,SECONDLANGUAGELEARNINGANDTRANSLATIONFIELDFROMCOMPARISONOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFCOLORTERMS,THISTHESISEMPHASIZESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREFURTHER贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第2页CHAPTER2LITERATUREREVIEW21STUDIESONENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDSATHOMEANDABROAD211STUDIESONENGLISHBASICCOLORWORDSABROADTHESTUDIESONCOLORWORDSABROADMAINLYFROMTHREEPERSPECTIVESWHICHWILLBEINTRODUCEDINDETAILSASFOLLOWS2111STUDIESONBASICCOLORWORDSFROMTHEGENERALLINGUISTICSPERSPECTIVEFOREIGNCOLORWORDSHAVEALONGHISTORY,THEBRITISHPHILOSOPHYBERTRANDRUSSELLDEPARTURESFROMTHEPERSPECTIVEOFGENERALIZEDLINGUISTICSANDEXPLAINSTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENHUMANCOLORPERCEPTIONOFUNCERTAINTYANDSEMANTICAMBIGUITYWHICHISASSOCIATEDWITHTHELANGUAGEOFCOLORWORDSFROMTHEPOINTOFVIEWOFLINGUISTICS,HETHOUGHTTHATANYTHOUGHTCANBEACCURATELYEXPRESSEDINTHEPRACTICEOF“RED”FROMSEMANTICCONNOTATIONS,WHICHISOVERCONFIDENTANDHARDTOTRUSTBRITISHSCHOLARWGLADSTONECOMPARES“THEILIAD”AND“THEODYSSEY”INSOMESENTENCESINHISBOOK“INHOMERANDHOMERERARESEARCH”AFTERTHEDESCRIPTIONOFCOLORANDPOINTEDOUTTHATTHEREAREAFEWABSTRACTCOLORWORDSINTHEERAOFANCIENTGREECEOFHOMER,THEMEANINGOFTHESEWORDSAREOFTENVAGUE2112STUDIESONBASICCOLORWORDSABOUTTHESEQUENTIALHYPOTHESISWGLADSTONESFOUNDANDSPECULATIONCAUSEDTHEGERMANLINGUISTSINTERESTHEALSOBELIEVESTHATTHELACKOFCOLORWORDSANDTHEMEANINGOFCOLORWORDSOFUNCERTAINTYISAREFLECTIONOFTHELOWCOLORVISION,WITHTHEIMPROVEMENTOFCOLORVISION,PEOPLEWILLBEABLETODISTINGUISHAGROWINGNUMBEROFCOLORANDNOMINATETHEMHEWASTHEFIRSTTOPUTFORWARDTHECOMMONORDEROFCOLORWORDHYPOTHESISANDPOINTEDOUTTHATTHECOLORWORDSHAVESIXSTAGESATLEAST1THEFIRSTSTAGE,THEREISONLYONECOLORWORDWHICHNAMEDBLACKANDREDHYBRIDCONCEPTS2THESECONDSTAGE,THECONCEPTOFREDANDBLACKCANBEDIVIDED3THETHIRDSTAGE,THENAMEOFYELLOWAPPEARSANDMAYALSONAMEDGREENATTHESAMETIME4THEFOURTHSTAGE,THENAMEOFWHITEAPPEARS5THEFIFTHSTAGE,THENAMEOFGREENAPPEARSANDMAYALSOCALLBLUE6THESIXTHSTAGE,THENAMEOFBLUEAPPEARS2113SAPIRWHORFHYPOTHESISWITHTHERISEOFHUMANLANGUAGE,THESTUDIESOFCOLORWORDSSTARTTOUSETHESAPIRWHORFHYPOTHESISASTHEBACKGROUNDINTHEFIRSTHALFOFTHE20THCENTURYSAPIRANDWHORFBELIEVETHATLANGUAGEFILTERSPEOPLESPERCEPTIONANDTHEWAYTHEYCATEGORIZETHEIREXPERIENCESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTUREISINCOMPLETEWITHOUTTOUCHINGONTHATBETWEENLANGUAGEANDTHOUGHTNOWTHEREAREMAINLYTWODIFFERENTINTERPRETATIONSABOUTTHEHYPOTHESISASTRONGVERSIONANDAWEAKVERSION1THESTRONGVERSIONBELIEVESTHATLANGUAGEPATTERNSDETERMINEPEOPLESTHINKINGANDBEHAVIOR2THEWEAKVERSIONHOLDSTHATLANGUAGEPATTERNSINFLUENCESPEOPLESTHINKINGANDBEHAVIORSOFAR,MANYRESEARCHESANDEXPERIMENTSCONDUCTEDINVARIOUSDISCIPLINESHAVEPROVIDEDSUPPORTTOTHEWEAKVERSIONTHESESTUDIESHAVESHEDNEWLIGHTONOURUNDERSTANDINGOFTHEHYPOTHESISPEOPLETENDTOSORTOUTANDDISTINGUISHEXPERIENCESDIFFERENTLYACCORDINGTOTHESEMANTICCATEGORIESPROVIDEDBYTHEIRDIFFERENTCODESINTHEIRCULTURE212STUDIESONCHINESEBASICCOLORATHOMEINRECENTYEARS,THEDOMESTICSCHOLARSRESEARCHFOCUSESONTHEDISCUSSIONOFCHINESECOLORWORDS,SUCHASWUTIEPINGS“ONCOLORWORDSANDITSFUZZYNATURE”ISTHESTUDYOFVAGUEMEANINGOFCOLORWORDSZHANGWANGXIS“COLORASSOCIATIONTHEORY”ISTHESTUDYOFASSOCIATIVEMEANINGOFCOLORWORDS,THISBOOKREVEALSTHEDEEPREASONOFTHECOMPLEXMEANINGINTHECOLORWORDSLIUYUNQUANS“THECOLORWORDFORMANTITHESISWAYFUNCTIONANDEXPRESSION”DRAWTHEOUTLINEOFABASICCOLORTERMSINCHINESEDEVELOPMENTFRAMEWORKANDSOONCOMPARISONOFCHINESEANDENGLISHCOLORWORDSCANHELPLANGUAGELEARNERSTOMASTERLANGUAGETHEREFORE,MANYTEACHINGLANGUAGEWORKERSAREALSOINVOLVEDINTHECOMPARATIVESTUDYOFENGLISHANDCHINESECOLORWORDSZHANPEIJIGIVESABRIEFACCOUNTOFTHEENGLISHCOLORWORDSMAINLYINENGLISH“THELITERATUREOFBASICCOLORWORDSTRANSLATIONMETHODS”WRITTENBYLIUXIAOHUIINTERPRETSFIVESKILLSFORTHECORRECTTRANSLATIONOFCOLORWORDSINCHINESEANDENGLISH22SUMMARYTHROUGHCONTINUOUSRESEARCHOFSCHOLARSATHOMEANDABROAD,WECANFINDTHATTHEBASICCOLORTERMSINCHINESEANDENGLISHHAVEAPPEAREDAFUSIONDEVELOPMENTSITUATIONINVOCABULARYRAPIDLYWGLADSTONESSEQUENTIALHYPOTHESISENRICHESPEOPLESPERCEPTIONINCOLORFIELDANDMADEHUMANBEINGSLIFEMORECOLORFUL,SAPIRWHORFHYPOTHESISSTATESTHERELATIONSHIPBETWEENLANGUAGEANDCULTURE,WHICHOFFERSTHEORETICALBASISFORTHISTHESISALLOFTHOSEAREINFAVOROFNEXTCHAPTER贵贵州大学本科毕业论文（设计）第3页CHAPTER3CONTRASTIVESTUDYONCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDS31INTRODUCTIONFROMTHELASTTWOCHAPTERS,WENOTONLYLEARNTHEHISTORYOFSTUDIESOFCOLORWORDSBUTALSOGETACROSSSOMETHEORIESABOUTDEVELOPMENTOFCOLORWORDSBASEDONTHESESTUDIESANDTHEORIES,ITISNOTDIFFICULTFORUSTOMAKEACONCLUSIONTHATTHEREARENINEKINDSOFCOLORWORDSINCOMMONINTWOLANGUAGESTHEYARERED/红,YELLOW/黄,WHITE/白,GREEN/绿,BLUE/蓝,PURPLE/紫,BROWN/棕,BLACK/黑ANDGRAY/灰,BUTINTHOSECOLORWORDS,“BROWN”ISUSEDRARELYANDCANNOTEXPRESSSOMECULTURALCONNOTATIONMEANINGINENGLISHASARESULT,WEWILLJUSTDISCUSSSIXCOLORWORDSWHICHISSEENINOURDAILYLIFEINTHISCHAPTERFROMITSMETAPHORICALMEANING,ASSOCIATIVEMEANING,EMOTIONALMEANINGOROTHEREXTENDEDMEANINGS,WHICHINFLUENCESONCULTURALCONNOTATIONINENGLISHANDCHINESE32CONTRASTOFCULTURALCONNOTATIONSOFENGLISHANDCHINESEBASICCOLORWORDS321“RED”和“红色”THEREDCOLORTERMEXPRESSEDINCHINESEANCIENTISMAINLY“CHI”赤,“ZHU”朱）,“DAN”丹AND“HONG”红WHENMENTIONED“HONG”（红）,PEOPLEOFTENTHINKOFHAPPINESS,AUSPICIOUS,PROSPERITY,LUCKYANDWARMETC“HONG”（红）COLORISALSOOFTENLINKEDTOWARDOFFEVILSPIRITSANDDRIVETHEEPIDEMICDISEASEINCHINESETRADITIONALCUSTOMMANYOFFICIALAFFAIRSANDGOVERNMENTACTIVITIESINCHINESEANCIENTHADACLOSERELATIONSHIPWITHTHE“HONG”（红）COLORINTHEPAST,THEEMPERORREADOVERPAPERWITH“ZHUSHAHONG”朱砂红THEOFFICIALSNAMEDOF“ZHUPI”朱批ATTHATTIME,WHICHREFERSTOTHEPAPERWRITTENBYTHEEMPERORIN“ZHUSHA”朱砂“HONG”红COLORISAKINDOFWARMANDFIRE,WHICHMAKEPEOPLEMOREEXCITINGEASILYWHENOPENINGABUSINESSORANNIVERSARY,THEBUSINESSMENALWAYSDECORATESTHEIRSHOPWITHHAPPINESSANWILDPEOPLELSENDTHEIRBLESSINGWORDSOF“HONGHONGHUOHUO”红红火火,“XINGWANGFADA”兴旺发达ATTHESAMETIMEBESIDES,“HONG”红COLORCANEXPRESSSYMBOLICSENSEOFREVOLUTIONINCHINESEHISTORYFORINSTANCE“,HONGSEGEMING”红色革命），“HONGSEZHENGQUAN”红色政权ANDSOONINWESTERNCOUNTRIES,REDMAINLYREFERSTOTHECOLOROFBLOOD,ONCETHEBLOODLOSS,THEFLOWEROFLIFEWILLWITHERTHEREFORE,“RED”ISAKINDOFDEROGATORYCOLORINMOSTCASESINENGLISHFORINSTANCE,“INTHERED”亏损,“REDTAPE”官僚作风,“REDNECK”乡巴佬,“REDLIGHTDISTRICT”红灯区ANDSOONINADDITION,REDALSOCONTAINSTHEMEANINGOFCELEBRATIONFORINSTANCE,“REDLETTERDAYS”REFERSTOHOLIDAYS,SUCHDAYSAREPRINTEDINREDONTHEIRCALENDARS,RATHERTHANINBLACKFORORDINARYDAY322“YELLOW”和“黄色”INCHINESETRADITIONALCULTURE,“HUANG”黄ISTHECOLOROFKINGSASA“STATUEOFCOLORINANCIENTTIMES”THEANCIENTEMPERORSARERIDINGINTHECARCALLED“HUANGWU”黄屋,THEEMPERORAUTHORIZEDTHEPROCLAMATIONAS“HUANGBANG”黄榜BESIDES,“HUANGPAO”黄袍ONLYWEARBYTHEEMPERORTHELEGENDOFTHEPEGASUSISALSO“HUANG”黄COLOR,THEIDIOM“FEIHUANGTENGDA”飞黄腾达ANALOGIESTHEASPIRATIONANDOFFICIALPOSITIONTHATPROMOTESVERYQUICKLY“HUANG”黄ALSOHAVELOWERSYMBOLICSIGNIFICANCE,WHICHCOMESFROMOTHERCOUNTRIESANDTHEMEANINGSWERETHESYMBOLSOFCORRUPTIONANDPORNOGRAPHYSUCHAS“HUANGSEYOUTONG”黄色幼童,“HUANGSEKANWU”黄色刊物,“HUANGSEXIAOSHUO”黄色小说INWESTERN,PEOPLEOFTENASSOCIATE“YELLOW”WITHWEALTH,POWERANDHONOR,BECAUSE“YELLOW”ISTHECOLOROFTHESUNANDGOLDASWEALLKNOWTHATJESUSALSOUSEDYELLOWHOLYCUPINTHELASTSUPPERTHUSITCANBESEENTHATTHEREISNOWONDERPEOPLESEETHECOLOR“YELLOW”ASHOLINESSINENGLISHCULTURE,“YELLOW”ISALSOHASTHEASSOCIATIVEMEANINGOFSUSPICION,MELANCHOLY,MORBID,DESPICABLESUCHAS“YELLOWDOG”卑劣的人,“YELLOWLIVERED”胆小的,“YELLOWLOOKS阴沉多疑的神色ANDSOON“YELLOW”ALSOREFERSTONEWSPAPERSANDBOOKWITHOUTTASTEANDVALUEINENGLISHSUCHAS“YELLOWPRESS”黄色报刊,“YELLOWJOURNALISM”黄色新闻,“YELLOWBACK”廉价轰动一时的小说323“WHITE”和“白色”INCHINA,“BAI”白ISOFTENLINKEDTOOMENANDFUNERALTOGETHERIFONESRELATIVEDIED,FAMILYWANTTOPUTONAWHITEMOURNINGHALLTOEXPRESSSADNESSFORTHEM“BAI”白WASALLUDEDTOASCIVILIANSCOLORANCIENTPEOPLEDRESSEDIN“BAI”白COLORANDCALLED“BAIYIPINGMIN”白衣平民。SOMETIMES,PEOPLEUSE“BAI”白TOREPRESENTS“INVAIN,PRICELESSORWITHOUTREWARDING”SUCHAS“BAIDA”白搭,“BAIFEI”白费,“BAICHI”白吃,“BAIGAN”白干ANDSOON“BAI”白ALSOREPRESENTSPUREMEANINGFOREXAMPLE,“BAIYITIANSHI”白衣天使ISABEAUTIFULWORDFORTHEDOCTORANDUSEDTOPRAISETHEIRPURITY,KINDNESSANDCARINGINWESTERNCULTURE,WHITEISASYMBOLOFELEGANCE,NOBLE,PURITY,LUCKYANDHAPPINESSETCINENGLISHNATIONALWEDDING,THEBRIDEALWAYSKNOWNASTHEWHITEDRESSANDWHITEVEIL,WHICHWECALLED“WHITEWEDDING”TOEXPRESSPURITY“SNOWWHITE”ISTHEEMBODIMENTOFINTELLIGENT,KINDNESSANDBEAUTYTHEREFORE,THISFIGUREWONTHEWORLDCHILDRENSSYMPATHYANDLOVESOMETIMES“BAI”白ISIRRELEVANTTOITSELFMEANINGINCHINESEFORINSTANCE,“AWHITEMAN”MEANSAKINDANDWELLBREDPERSON,“AWHITELIE”MEANSAWELLMEANINGFORTHEPERSON“WHITE”ALSOCANBEUSEDASADEROGATORYFOREXAMPLE,WHENWEUSE“WHITE”TODESCRIBEMENTALCHANGES,WECANUSESUCHWORDSTOEXPRESS”WHITEHOT”愤怒的,“WHITEFEATHER”懦弱的,AND“WHITEFACED”脸色苍白的324“BLACK”和“黑色”INANCIENTCHINA,“HEI”黑REPRESENTSTHESYMBOLOFRESPECT,SOLEMN,HONESTANDSTRAIGHTFORWARDINTHEOPERAMASK,PEOPLEUSUALLYUSEBLACKMASKTOEXPRESSAFIGURESCHARACTERSOFUPRIGHT,PITILESSORHONESTINADDITION,ITISDUETOITSELFCOLORWITHOUTLIGHT,WHICHOFTENMAKEPEOPLEFEELSINISTER,HORRIBLEANDDIABOLICFOREXAMPLE,THEUGLYTHINGSWHICHISNOTTOBEDIVULGEDISCALLED“黑幕”,THEMEMBERSINTHEREACTIONARYCLIQUEISCALLED“黑帮”,THECONTRABANDGOODSISCALLED“黑货”,THETRADINGPLACESOFCONTRABANDGOODSARECALLED“黑市”,THEMONEYGOTTENBYTHEILLEGALMEANSARECALLED“黑钱”“BLACK”ISALSOTHESYMBOLOFEVILNESSINTHEWESTERNCULTURE“BLACKDEEDS”AND“BLACKLIES”REFERTOTHEDEEDSORLIESWITHSOMEEVILPURPOSE“THEBLACKECONOMY”MEANSBUSINESSWORKTHATDONEWITHOUTPOWEROFTHEOFFICIALSANDGOVERNMENTSOTHATTHECITZENSCANAVERTPAYINGMONEYTHEYEARNEDBYTHEMSELVES“BLACKFRIDAY”ISAFAMOUSDAYINAMERICAN,WHICHREFERSTOANUNLUCKYDAYONWHICHCHRISTIANSUFFEREDCRUCIFIXION,UNTILTODAY,ITMEANSATYPEOFCOMPUTERVIRUSWHICHFLARESUPTODESTROYDATAINCOMPUTERONFRIDAYBESIDES,WEALSOUSE“REDLETTERDAY”TOEXPRESSANUNLUCKYDAYASISKNOWNTOUSALL,CHRISTIANCULTUREHASPROFOUNDINFLUENCEONTHEENGLISHANDAMERICANMEN,INTHE“BIBLE”,“BLACK”ISTHESYMBOLOFDEVIL,EVIL,PAINANDMISERYTHEREFORE,“BLACK”ISTHECULTURALCOLORINWESTERN,WHICHSIGNIFIESDEATH,B