十年2003-2012高考6年模拟英语分类汇编-阅读理解之文化类

1、10年高考【2003-2012】6年模拟【2007-2012】英语汇编：阅读理解之文化类【2012北京卷】AThe Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students with an understanding of arithmetic an

2、d to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations, students discover why these operations

3、work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for steady and sure understanding of the mate

4、rial by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understandablefield of study.By the conclusion o

5、f the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to accept new and exciting mathematical ch

6、allenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas to the more abstract problems, he is m

7、aster in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures for future primary school teachers.If the

8、 course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathematics Education.57. What benefits can stu

9、dents expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Educational Television. B. He is to delive

10、r 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement56.C Basic Math包括哪些方面，第二段中The lessons in Basic Math cover

11、 every basic aspect of arithmetic.57.C. 第4段中，They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.58.B 第五段中，he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvi

12、ous.59.D 最后一段中，If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.【2012湖北卷】DHow is it that siblings (兄弟姐妹) can turn out so differently? One answer is that in fact each sibling grows up in a differ

13、ent family. The firstborn is, for a while, an only child, and therefore has a completely different experience of the parents than those born later. The next child is, for a while, the youngest, until the situation is changed by a new arrival. The mother and father themselves are changing and growing

14、 up too. One sibling might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother or an angry father.Sibling competition was identified as an important shaping force as early as in 1918. But more recently, researchers have fou

15、nd many ways in which brothers and sisters are a lasting force in each others lives. Dr. Annette Henderson says firstborn children pick up vocabulary more quickly than their siblings. The reason for this might be that the later children arent getting the same one-on-one time with parents. But that d

16、oesnt mean that the younger children have problems with language development. Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sisters, learning entire phrases and getting an understanding of social concepts such as the difference

17、between “I” and “me”.A Cambridge University study of 140 children found that siblings created a rich world of play that helped them grow socially. Love-hate relationships were common among the children. Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much positive communication as the other sibl

18、ing pairs.One way children seek more attention from parents is by making themselves different from their siblings, particularly if they are close in age. Researchers have found that the first two children in a family are typically more different from each other than the second and third. Girls with

19、brothers show their differences to a maximum degree by being more feminine than girls with sisters. A 2003 research paper studied adolescents from 185 families over two years, finding that those who changed to make themselves different from their siblings were successful in increasing the amount of

20、warmth they gained from their parents. 63. The underlined part “in a different family” (in Para. 1) means “_”.A. in a different family environmentB. in a different family tradition C. in different family crisesD. in different families64. In terms of language development, later-borns _.A. get their p

21、arents individual guidance B. learn a lot from their elder siblingsC. experience a lot of difficulties D. pick up words more quickly65. What was found about fights among siblings? A. Siblings hated fighting and loved playing. B. Siblings in some families fought frequently. C. Sibling fights led to b

22、ad sibling relationships. D. Siblings learned to get on together from fights.66. The word “feminine” (in Para. 4) means “_”. A. having qualities of parents B. having qualities of women C. having defensive qualitiesD. having extraordinary qualities D【文章大意】同一家庭出身的兄弟姐妹性格为何不同？那是因为他们生活于不同的家庭环境：对于父母的体验，第一

23、个出生的孩子与以后出生的孩子会迥然不同；在语言发展上，后出生的孩子更喜欢向哥哥姐姐学习而不是向父母学习63.A【命题立意】词义猜测题。难度中等。【解题思路】根据第一段第二句中的“different experience”以及第一段最后一句中“might live in a stable and close family in the first few years; another might be raised in a family crisis, with a disappointed mother and angry father.”可知，该短语意为“生活在不同的家庭环境中”，故A项正

24、确。64.B【命题立意】细节理解题。难度中等。【解题思路】根据第二段最后一句话中“Later-borns dont enjoy that much talking time with parents, but instead they harvest lessons from bigger brothers and sister”可知后出生者更倾向于向兄弟姐妹学习，故B项正确。65.D【命题立意】细节理解题。难度中等。【解题思路】根据第三段最后一句“Even those siblings who fought the most had just as much posistive commun

25、ication as the other sibling pairs.”可知，即使兄弟姐妹间争吵不断，他们也在此中学习相处之道，故D项正确。66.B【命题立意】词义猜测题。难度中等。【解题思路】根据语境可知，有兄弟的女孩比有姐妹的女孩更具有女性品质特征，故B项正确。【2012全国新课标】DGrown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since. A man who has not had a cha

26、nce to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that b

27、egins Twinkle, twinkle, little star or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears. One explanation is the law of overlearning, which can be stated as follows: Once we have learned something, additional learning trials(尝试) increase the length of time we will remember it.In chi

28、ldhood we usually continue to practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after we have learned them. We continue to listen to and remind ourselves of words such as Twinkle, twinkle, little star and childhood tales such as Cinderella and Goldilocks. We not only learn

29、but overlearn.The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are an exception to the general rule that we forget rather quickly the things that we learn in school, because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.The law of overlearning explains why cramming(突击学习)for an examination, though it may

30、result in a passing grade, is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned. A little overlearning, on the other hand, is really necessary for ones

31、future development.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。成年人常常惊叹他们能很好地记着儿时学过的东西。作者认为这是儿时过度学习的结果，是因为当我们儿时学会一样东西的时候，我们不是就此停止，而是继续练习，才使我们记忆深刻。文章用例证法说明了“过度学习”的概念。 最后作者谈到了“过度学习”的好处和突击学习的弊端。67. What is the main idea of paragraph 1?A. People remember well what they learned in childhood.B. Children have a better memory than grown

32、-ups.C. Poem reading is a good way to learn words.D. Stories for children are easy to remember.【答案】A 【解析】根据文章的第一段的“Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知：文章讲得是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好的记着儿时学过的东西。C、D断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学

33、习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A正确。【考点定位】考查主旨要义。68.The author explains the law of overlearning by_.A. presenting research findingsB. setting down general rulesC. making a comparisonD. using examples【答案】D【解析】根据文章的内容可知：作者采用了举例子的说明方法。比如：practice such skills as swimming, bicycle riding, and playing baseball long after

34、 we have learned them. 和The multiplication tables(乘法口诀表) are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.【考点定位】考查判断推理。69. According to the author, being able to use multiplication tables is_.A. a result of overlearningB. a special case of crammingC. a skill to deal with math problemsD. a basic s

35、tep towards advanced studies【答案】A【解析】根据文章的第4段“because they are another of the things we overlearn in childhood.”可知：乘法口诀仍然是儿时过度学习的结果。所以选A。【考点定位】考查推理判断。70. What is the authors opinion on cramming?A. It leads to failure in college exams.B. Its helpful only in a limited way.C. Its possible to result in

36、poor memory.D. It increases students learning interest.【答案】B【解析】根据文章的最后一段中的“By cramming, a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination, but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.”可知：突击学习只在有限的方面有帮助。所以B正确。【考点定位】考查作者的观点和态度。【2012全国II】(C)Facial expressions ca

37、rry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may

38、 show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures. For example, many people in Russia smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in

39、big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough. In Southeast Asian culture, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show

40、emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as do members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions. Rather, there are

41、cultural differences in the amount of facial expressions permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations many Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalize about

42、Americans and facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People from certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If

43、we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了面部表情取决于情景和人们之间的关系。文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同。49. What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?A. Love.B. Politeness.C. Joy.D. Thankfulness.【答案】C【解析】根据文章第

44、一段中的“in American culture (文化) the smile is in general an expression of pleasure”可知，在美国文化中，一般地说，微笑是快乐的表情。此处joy是pleasure的同义词。故选C。【考点定位】考查细节理解。50. The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can _ .A. show friendliness to strangersB. be used to hide true feelingsC. be used in th

45、e wrong placesD. show personal habits【答案】B【解析】根据文章第一段中的“It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion (困惑) across cultures.”可知这是一个中心句，其后用例证法阐述：微笑能隐藏真正的感情。它常常导致跨文化间的困惑。其中越南人讲故事的例子就是为了说明这一观点。故选B。【考点定位】考查作者的写作意图。51. What should we do before attempting to “read” people?A. Learn about their r

46、elations with others.B. Understand their cultural backgrounds.C. Find out about their past experience.D. Figure out what they will do next.【答案】B【解析】根据文章最后一段中的“The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotion are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may m

47、ake the mistake of “reading” the other person incorrectly.”可知，我们在“读”人们的表情的时候，要现理解他们的文化背景，否则，就会出错。【考点定位】考查判断推理。52. What would be the best title for the test?A. Cultural DifferencesB. Smiles and RelationshipC. Facial ExpressivenessD. Habits and Emotions【答案】C【解析】文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同

48、。所以C正确。【考点定位】考查文章的标题。【2012陕西卷】DSpring is coming, and it is time for those about to graduate to look for jobs. Competition is tough, so job seekers must carefully consider their personal choices. Whatever we are wearing，our family and friends may accept us, but the workplace may not.A high school new

49、spaper editor said it is unfair for companies to discourage visible tattoos (纹身）nose rings, or certain dress styles. It is true you cant judge a book by its cover, yet people do “cover” themselves in order to convey (传递)certain messages. What we wear, including tattoos and nose rings, is an expressi

50、on of who we are. Just as people convey messages about themselves with their appearances so do companies. Dress standards exist in the business world for a number of reasons, but the main concern is often about what customers accept.Others may say how to dress is a matter of personal freedom, but fo

51、r businesses it is more about whether to make or lose money. Most employers do care about the personal appearances of their employees (雇员),because those people represent the companies to their customers.As a hiring manager I am paid to choose the people who would make the best impression on our cust

52、omers. There are plenty of well-qualified candidates, so it is not wrong to reject someone who might disappoint my customers. Even though I am open-minded, I cant expect all our customers are.There is nobody to blame but yourself if your set of choices does not match that of your preferred employer.

53、 No company should have to change to satisfy a candidate simply cause he or she is unwilling to respect its standards, as long as its standards are legal.57. Which of the following is the newspaper editor opinion according to Paragraph 2?A. Peoples appearances carry messages about themselves.B. Cust

54、omers choices influence dress standards in companies.C. Candidates with tattoos or nose rings should be fairly treated.D. Strange dress styles should not be encouraged in the workplace.58. What can be inferred from the text?A. Candidates have to wear what companies prefer for an interview.B. What to

55、 wear is not a matter of personal choice for companies.C. Companies sometimes have to change to respect their candidates.D. Hiring managers make the best impression on their candidates.59. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. Employees Matter B. Personal Choices MatterC. Ap

56、pearances Matter D. Hiring Managers Matter60. The authors attitude towards strange dress styles in the workplace may best be described as .A. enthusiastic B. negative C positive D. sympatheticD C7【要点综述】又是一年毕业季，很多大学毕业生又要开始为寻找一份可以乃以生存的工作而奔忙了，但是，影响就业成功的因素很多，其中有一点就是面试时的着装。57【答案与解析】C 推理判断题。根据第二自然段的首句可知作者

57、的意思是有纹身或戴鼻环去面试不会被公平的对待，故本题选C。58【答案与解析】B 推理判断题。通读第三自然段可知本文作者的意思是：员工的穿着不再是员工的私人问题，而是影响到公司的声誉和发展的大问题。选B。59【答案与解析】C 主旨大意题。本文大意是关于员工的着装问题，即员工的外貌问题，故本题选C。60【答案与解析】B 作者意图题。根据本文后两个自然段可知作者对于员工着奇装异服的态度也是否定的，故选B。【2012浙江卷】CTwo friends have an argument that bleaks up their friendship forever, even though neither

58、 one can remember how the whole thing got started. Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country. In fact, according to an official report on youth violence, In our country today, the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment, but the terrible reality of violence. Given that this is the cas