000+英汉翻译教程.ppt

1、An English-Chinese Translation Course,2008-2009学年第二学期,英汉翻译教程,第一章： 翻译概论,The definition of translation Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida 而英国正好相反。

2、carry coals to Newcastle 运煤到纽卡索 (做徒劳无益的事情),英语中涉及宗教的词语要比任何其他语种都多，同时宗教典故之丰富在世界语林中也是独占鳌头。 John can be relied on. He eats no fish. 约翰为人可靠，他很忠诚。 Speak of angels, and you will hear their wings; talk of the devil, and hes sure to appear. 说曹操，曹操到。 Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。,1.2.3 宗教信仰,1.2.4 风俗习惯,You look darke

3、r after the holidays. 你度假回来看起来黑多了。 你度假回来看起来更健康了。 All the children have got married. 老儿子娶媳妇大事完毕。 孩子们都结婚走了。 同一语种在不同的地域、不同的文化中因不同的环境和风俗习惯的影响而具有不同的特点。 Drug : 药; 大麻（美俚）,1.2.5 社会政治,一些词语的意义，有时与社会政治密切相关。就是说，社会制度相同，有关文化之间的差异就比较少；社会制度不同， 差异就相对地多一些。如： working class; peasant propaganda; Exploit （开发利用、获取利润） 汉语中是

4、：“剥削”,1.2.6 文学艺术,文学艺术反映一个民族的感情色彩。 对待同一事物，不同民族的文化感情色彩可能完全不同 Dragon, dog, ox 不同文化艺术中，人们还常常用不同的事物表达相同的思想。 Work like a horse 像老黄牛一样干活。 As strong as a horse As stupid as a goose Wet like a drown rat A white Christmas 银装素裹大雪纷飞的圣诞节,试比较Dragon, dog, ox 在中英文中的不同形象。,An interpreter (translator) has to know ever

5、ything of something and something of everything.,Homework: Translate the following passage,From there I could see the whole valley below, the fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.,From there I could see the whole valley below, the

6、fields, the river, and the village. It was all very beautiful, and the sight of it filled me with longing.,从那里，我可以看见下面的整个山谷，那田野、河流和村庄。这一切非常美丽，见到后使我心里充满了渴望。 从这里望下去，整个山谷一览无遗，只见那田野、河流和村庄，全都美不胜收，真叫我心驰神往。,1. Actions speak louder than words. 2. A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit. 3. A good conscience is

7、 a soft pillow. 4. All good things come to an end. 5. All rivers run into sea. 6. As a man sows, so he shall reap. 7. A word spoken is past recalling. 8. Bad news has wings. 9. Beauty lies in the loves eyes. 10. Birds of a feather flock together.,11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 12. Creep b

8、efore you walk. 13. Dont put the cart before the horse. 14. Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 15. It is better to die when life is a disgrace. 16. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 17. It never rains but it pours. 18. Love me, love my dog. 19. Make hay while the sun shines. 20. Mis

9、fortunes never come alone.,1. Actions speak louder than words. 1. 事实胜于雄辩。 2. A fall into a pit，a gain in your wit. 2. 吃一堑，长一智。 3. A good conscience is a soft pillow. 3. 不做亏心事，不怕鬼敲门。 4. All good things come to an end. 4. 天下没有不散的筵席。 5. All rivers run into sea. 5. 海纳百川。 6. As a man sows, so he shall re

10、ap. 6. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 7. A word spoken is past recalling. 7. 一言既出，驷马难追。 8. Bad news has wings. 8. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。 9. Beauty lies in the loves eyes. 9. 情人眼里出西施。 10. Birds of a feather flock together. 10. 物以类聚，人以群分。,11. Constant dripping wears away a stone. 11.水滴石穿. 12. Creep before you walk. 12. 循序渐进。 13. D

11、ont put the cart before the horse. 13. 不要本末倒置。 14. Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. 14. 不要自找麻烦。 15. It is better to die when life is a disgrace. 15. 宁为玉碎，不为瓦全。 16. It is no use crying over spilt milk. 16. 覆水难收。 17. It never rains but it pours. 17. 不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。 18. Love me, love my dog

12、. 18. 爱屋及乌。 19. Make hay while the sun shines. 19. 勿失良机。 20. Misfortunes never come alone. 20. 祸不单行。,试比较Dragon, dog, ox 在中英文中的不同形象。,Presentation No.1,1.3 翻译的过程,1.3.2 理解阶段：翻译的理解是以忠实地表达为目 标的， 因此，它要求对原作的理解尽可能全面、细 致和深入；“不求甚解”的情况在翻译理解中是不允 许的。理解主要是通过原文的上下文来进行，因为“ No context, no text.” “义寓于文”就必须”以文明义”。,1.3

13、.1 准备阶段：弄清楚作者的风格、文字特 点、同一作家的其他作品、作家的身世以及其写作的社会背景等。,一. 确定词语在语境中的意义 Seat oneself in a wooden chair Accept a university chair Chair the board meeting Condemned to the chair 坐在木椅上 同意在大学里执教 主持董事会 被处电刑 Milk the cow milk the bull 挤牛奶 徒劳之举,1. I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us

14、 at any time. 2. We grumble a little now and then , to be sure. But theres no love lost between us. 1.我向来不大想看到你，我们两人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。 2. 当然啦，我们有时也免不了争论几句，但是我们还是相亲相爱。,二. 弄清原文的逻辑关系 由于不善于逻辑思考，对原文理解歧义，闹出笑话，历来是翻译的一大忌讳。 1.The old man informed us that his wife had had thirteen children, one in every month o

15、f the year and one over besides. 老人风趣地告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，每月生一个还多了一个。 老人风趣地告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，如果用一年十二个月的名字给他们取名的话，还多出来一个。,2. when he was young fellow in the sixties. 当他还是个60多岁的年轻小伙子时。 在60年代，他还年轻时。 3. The object did not move because I pushed it. 因为我推了它，该物体才没有移动。 不是因为我推了它，该物体才移动。,三. 理解原文的深层结构 有些词从字面上看非常简单，

16、但由于对原文所涉及的客观事物、典故或专门术语不理解，所以就译不出来，乃至出错。 1. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨晚我听到他把猪赶到市场上去。 昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷，声音就象把猪赶到市场一样。,2.General Smith and my father are on first name basis.,史密斯将军和我的父亲都是在第一名的基础上。 史密斯将军和我的父亲是直呼名字的知交。 3. Keep your chin up. “ 抬起头” 不要失去勇气，振作起来。 4. Far from eye, far from

17、heart. 眼不见心不烦 别久情疏 5. Sleep as sound as a log of wood. 睡得象段木头。 睡得很沉（香）。,1.3.3 表达阶段,一. 表达的方法 表达的方法有直译( literal translation)和意译(free translation) I was late for class yesterday. I had to open the door and go in before everybody. 1. 我只好在大家望着我的情况下推门进去。 2. 我只得在众目睽睽下推门进去。 3. 没办法，我只好因硬着头皮推门进去。,Despair seiz

18、ed him when he was on the rocks. 当他经济困难的时候，他绝望极了。 经济困难使他陷入绝望之中。 那时，他经济拮据，一筹莫展。,二. 正确处理直译与意译的关系,直译与意译这两种方法并无优劣之分，也并非是对立的，而是相辅相成的，关键在于如何正确使用他们。如： 1.When I want your opinion, Ill ask for it. 当我需要你的意见时，我会问你的。 请不要插嘴。 2.You are late for the last time. 这是你最后一次迟到了。 你被解雇了。,3. Dont cross the bridge till you g

19、et to it. 到了桥边才过桥。 不必担心太早。 4. Little fish does not eat big fish. 小鱼吃不了大鱼。 胳膊拧不过大腿。 5. What the tongue says, the neck pays for. 舌头说话，脖子还帐。 舌头闯祸，脖子遭殃。,6. What was hatched a hen must not try to be a rooster! 孵出来是母鸡就别想冒充公鸡。 生来是个女人就别想冒充男人。 7. There s no pot so ugly it cant find a lid. 没有丑到配不上一个盖子的罐子。 罐儿再

20、丑，配个盖子不发愁。 姑娘再丑也能配个汉。 丑女不愁嫁。,三. 校核定稿阶段,1. 校核译文在人名、地名、日期、方位、数字等方面有无错漏。 2. 校核译文的段句或重要的词有无错漏 3. 力求译文没有冷僻罕见的词汇或陈腔滥调，力求译文段落、标点符号正确无误。 4. 通常必须校核两遍。,It was the best of times, it was the worst of times; it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness; it was the epoch of believe, it was epoch of inc

21、redulity; it was the season of the Light, it was the season of Darkness; it was the spring of Hope, it was the winter of Despair; we had everything before us, we had nothing before us; we were all going to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way.,这是最美好的时期，也是最糟糕的时期； 这是智慧的年代，也是愚蠢的年代； 这是充满信仰的时代，

22、也是顾虑重重的时代； 这是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节； 这是富有希望的春天，也是充满绝望的冬天； 我们拥有一切，我们一无所有； 我们正笔直走上天堂，我们正笔直走下地狱。,第二章： 英汉词法翻译,2.1.1 根据词类确定词义 英汉两种语言都有一词多类、一词多义的现象。如： 1. Like charges repel; unlike charges attract. 2. He likes mathematics more than physics. 3. Like knows like. 1.相同的电荷相斥，不同的电荷相吸。 2. 他喜欢数学甚于喜欢物理。 3. 英雄识英雄。,2.1 词义的选择

23、,选择词义，首先要判明一个词在句中属于哪一种词类，起什么作用，然后再根据词类选择适当的词义。如up 这个词在下列例句中词类不同，词义也不同。 1. What are you doing up there? (adv.) 2. He is well up in mathematics. (adv.),你在那边做什么？,他精通数学。,2. They went up wind. 他们迎风而行。 The ship is sailing up the river. (prep.) 这船正向河的上游航行。 3. The new museum is up and opens to the public. 新

24、博物馆已落成开放。 4. When will the up train start?（adj.) 上行车何时开？,5. The landlord promised his tenants there would be no further ups this year. 房东向房客们保证今年不再提高房租。 We all have our ups and downs. （nouns) 命运盛衰不定。（人生总有起起落落。） 6. Prices are being upped by 20%. 价格上涨了20%. 7. She upped and threw the teapot at him. (ve

25、rbs) 她跳起来,将茶壶向她掷去.,又如round 一词,1. Bullet fell round him. (prep.) 子弹落在他的周围. 2. The planets move round the sun in the same direction and nearly in the same plain. 诸行星以同一方向且同一平面绕着太阳运行. 3. Shall I show you round? 我领你四处看看好吗? 4. Come round and see me this evening. (adv.) 今晚请过来看我.,5. It is as round as a bal

26、l. 它像球一样圆. 6. She has got a mellow ,round voice. (adi.) 她的声音圆润洪亮. 7. The night watchman makes his rounds. 守夜者巡察. 8. There burst out a round of applause. (noun) 发出了齐声喝彩. 9. The bear rounded and faced the hunters. (Verb) 那熊转过身来对着猎人们. 10.When you pronounce the vowel 【u:】, round your lips. 发元音【u:】时，要双唇收

27、圆,词类转换使英语获得了无数生动精悍的词汇; 作为一种语言现象它也是英语在历史发展中的产物.认识到这一点可以提高我们运用英语词汇的能力,从而提高翻译能力.,2.1.2 根据语境确定词义,一 . 上下文(verbal context) 1. We hope Mr. White will not forget himself, gone are the days when a representative of a large country in UN. may do whatever he likes. 我们希望怀特先生不要忘乎所以，在联合国里一个大国代表可以为所欲为的日子已经一去不复返了。

28、We hope that our most respected Secretary General will not forget himself, his poor health is known to everybody. 我们希望最可敬的秘书长先生不要过于操劳，要多多保重,他的健康状况欠佳是众所周知的。,二. 地点( place ) 语境中的地点是话语所产生的地点。 同一词语出现在不同的地点，其含义往往不同。如： 1. The boy is drawing a cart. 那男孩正在画一辆大车。 那男孩正在拉一辆大车。 2. Its time to go aboard. 该上车了。/ 该

29、上飞机了。/ 该上船了。 三. 时间( time ) His daughter went to London last autumn. 他的女儿是今年秋天去的伦敦。 他的女儿是去年秋天去的伦敦。,四. 话题 ( topic ) 话题即交际双方所谈及的内容。 同一词语在不同的话题中具有语义上的专门化。如： messenger: 信使； 一种传递信息的化学物质（遗传工程学） carrier: 携带者； 带菌体（医学、生物学） shuttle: 梭子； 航天飞机（航天） base: In business: 本金 In painting: 底涂 In military science: 根据地,五.

30、 交际方式（ medium ),交际方式即语言传播的方式和媒介，有口头和书面之分，文白之差别。因而要确定原文的文体和风格后再选择恰当的词义。 1. He wrote a letter to his friend. 2. Premier Wen wrote a letter to American President. 3. Mary received a love letter.,a suicide letter a thank-you letter a letter to condolence a Dear John letter a get-well letter a political

31、“ Dear John”,绝命信 感谢信 唁函 (女孩写给男孩的）绝交信 (祝病人康复的）慰问信 政治上的绝交信,试翻译下列句子中的claim,1.A caller to the broadcasting station claimed responsibility for the bombing. 有人打电话给广播电台，声称这爆炸是他干的 2. Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world. 几个世纪以来，伦敦堪称世界一流城市 3.Oxford claims a large share

32、 in the making of England. 牛津大学对英国的发展贡献很大 4.The explosion claimed more than twenty lives. 这次爆炸使多人丧生,英语中的同一个词用于不同的场合,就会有不同的词义,必须充分考虑到词的使用场合及上下文的联系,才能选择其恰当的词义. 如claim, 一般都认为它的对等词是 “(根据权利)提出要求,所有权”.但请看下面例子,5. The matter claims our first attention. 这事急需我们予以注意. 6. She can claim credit for the success. 她可

33、以要求人们承认这次成功归功于她. 7. My order had prior claims on your time. 我的订货还要请你优先考虑. 8. The store has more claims on admiration than it is possible to mention. 这家商店声誉之好无以伦比,大大值得人们的赞美. 9. His personality is his only claim to remembrances. 人们能记起他来的惟有他的品格.(他唯一值得人们怀念的是他的品格),1. This poses a challenge to logic. 这简直是

34、荒谬绝伦。 2. She looked at me with challenge. 她以毫不在乎的眼光看着我。 3. This is a great challenge to the jurors. 这对陪审员来说是一个非常艰巨的任务。 4. That those who had learned from us now excelled us was a real challenge.曾向我们学习的人反倒超过了我们，这对我们确实是个促进（激励 ),试翻译下列句子中的challenge,5. The United States Government does not challenge that

35、 position. 美国政府对这一立场不提出异议。 6. His question challenged us to think. 他提出的问题促使我们去思考。 7. The task challenged his organizing ability. 这项任务对他的组织能力是一个考验。 8. The sentry challenged us. 哨兵问我们口令。,9. Recent discoveries have challenged their old notion. 最近的发现使他们原来的观念成了问题。 10. They challenge for the Davis Cup. 他们

36、决心争夺戴维斯杯。 11. Its the challenge of our time. 这是我们时代的要求 12. Their success is a challenge to my effort. 他们的成就鞭策我做出努力,2.1.3 根据汉语习惯搭配确定词义,英语中有些词在同一词类中、具有相同意义的情况下，和不同的词搭配，译成汉语时还要根据与它搭配的词而选择最符合汉语习惯的词义。 1.He has great ears and eyes.2. He has great wisdom, experience and knowledge. 他耳聪目明。 他有无穷的智慧，丰富的经验和渊博的知

37、识。,1. He is a good chess player. 2.It is a good dinner. 3. She speaks good English. 4. I have done a good days work. 5. It was a girl with good manners. 6. The young brother wants to have the good half of the bread.,1.他棋艺高超。 2. 那是一顿丰盛的晚餐。 3. 她英语讲得很流利。 4. 我干了整整一天的活儿。 5. 这是一位举止得体的姑娘。 6. 小弟弟要那一大半面包。,He

38、 proved to be a good listener. 1. 他在课上注意听讲。 2. 他是个遵守公共秩序的观众。 3. 他善于听取群众的意见。,1. Soft pillow 2. Soft music 3. Soft cushion 4. Soft wood 5. Soft money 6. Soft drink 7. Soft breeze 8. Soft light 9. Soft voice 10. Soft fire 11. Soft hat 12. Soft words 13. Soft answer 14. Soft goods 15. Soft heart 16. Sof

39、t water,1. 软枕 2.轻柔的音乐 3.靠垫 4.软木 5.纸币 6.不含酒精的饮料 7.和风 8.柔光 9.低声 10.文火 11.呢帽 12.和蔼的话 13.委婉的回答 14.毛织品 15.慈心 16.软水,动词和宾语搭配-以动词make 为例： To make a dress做一件衣服 To make trouble惹麻烦 To make a fire生火 To make a living谋生 To make the bed铺床 To make money赚钱 To make a speech发表演说 To make a will立遗嘱 To make a poem作一首诗 To

40、 make an investigation进行调查 To make a mistake犯错误,英语和汉语的搭配习惯不同,主要是动词和宾语,形容词和名词的搭配.汉译时需要用汉语的搭配习惯处理.,再以动词hold为例： To hold a meeting开会 To hold ones attention吸引某人注意 To hold a position坚守阵地 To hold ones breath屏住气 To hold ones promise守信 To hold somebody guilt判定某人有罪 To hold the baby in ones arms抱孩子 To hold a p

41、ipe between the teeth嘴里叼着烟斗 To hold power 掌权 To hold a leading post担任领导工作,B 形容词和名词搭配 现以形容词strong为例 a strong man 强壮的人，果断的人 a strong case有力的主张 a strong faith坚定的信仰 a strong contrast强烈的对照 strong measures 强硬的措施 a strong situation(故事戏剧等)动人的场面 a strong bank资力雄厚的银行 a strong drink含烈酒的饮料 strong butter有臭味的黄油 a

42、 strong microscope倍数大的显微镜,再以形容词heavy 为例 a heavy blow沉重的打击 a heavy eater食量大的人 heavy food难消化的食物 a heavy fire猛烈的炮火 a heavy heart沉重的心情 a heavy sea波涛汹涌的大海 a heavy sky阴沉的天空 a heavy style枯燥冗长的文体 a heavy thinker深邃的思想家 heavy news令人难过的消息 a heavy road崎岖的路,小结 从表面上来看,以上所举的claim 和challenge 具有很多意义，似乎”一词多义”.这种看法是理解

43、英语单词意义时汉语思维的结果;如果用英语思维,就会发现这两个词具有一个根本意义.这个 “根义”在每一个例句中都适用,所谓的 “多义”只不过是根义在不同的上下文中符合汉语习惯的各种不同的 “译法”,而每一个译法只适用于一个特定的上下文中.根义和译法的关系一般可用公式: “根义+上下文=译法” 表示. 把不同的译法视为一词 “多义”, 是一种用汉语思维去理解英语单词内涵的不妥看法.当然英语中一词多义的现象是存在的,但我们所面临的问题是往往把源出同根在意义上有内在联系的各种译法看成是相互意义上没有可联系的概念，然后称之为一词多”义”.从英语思维角度看,这不是一词多 “义”, 而是一词多“译”.,“根

44、义+上下文=译法” 中， 从根义到译法有一个思维转变的过程,现举几个简单的例子说明.,1. The more one gardens, the more one learns. 耕而后有所得，学而后知不足。 Garden (v.从事园艺活动在园中劳作,栽培植物耕耘) 2. The river drains five provinces.(河流把五个省的水排掉五个省的水流入河流河流流经五个省) 3. I want balanced information.(平衡包括正反两个方面全面的(消息)(即不要报喜不报忧) 4. The generals estimate of Hitler was col

45、d-blooded and honest.(冷血的感情不冲动的冷静的(客观的评价) 5. His spoken English is not good enough because of lack of exposure. 暴露没有遮盖直接(与)英语接触英语环境,Everybodys business is nobodys business.,三个和尚没水吃.,练习：翻译下列短语，注意选择符合汉语习惯的搭配,Enjoy free medical care Enjoy advantages Enjoy national protection Enjoy mass support Enjoy ac

46、cess to Internet Enjoy prosperity Enjoy a double-digit growth Enjoy a revival Enjoy an economical honey-moon Enjoy a fine day Enjoy constant attention,享受公费医疗 具备优越条件 受到国家保护 得到广大群众支持 有机会进入国际互联网 处于繁荣时期 以两位数的百分比增长 重振雄风 在经济上打得火热 天气晴朗 一直为人们所关注,2.2 词义的具体化、概括化和褒贬色彩,具体化是指在译文中，用所指意义较窄的词或词组替换原文中所指意义较广的词或词组。如：

47、1. The Great Wall is a must for most foreign visitors to Beijing. 2. Two years working is a must to the people who want to take up graduated examination. 1. 长城是任何一个外国游客必不可少的参观游览项目。 2. 对于参加研究生考试的人来说，两年的工龄是必备条件。,词义的具体化,3. Vietnam was his enter to the new Administration, his third incarnation as a fore

48、ign policy consultant. 4. But I suspected that if I tried to release the wolf, she would turn aggressive and try to tear me to pieces. 3. 越南战争成了他进入新政府的敲门砖。他担任政府的对外政策顾问，那是第三次了。 4. 可是我想，要是我放了这只狼，她会凶狠地扑过来， 要把我撕成碎片的。,二. 词义的概括化,概括化是指在译文中用含义较广的单位替换原文中含义较窄的单位。如： 1. Every life has its roses and thorns. 每个人的

49、生活都有甜和苦。 2. The girl will get killed, because shes always speeding. 这女孩会送命，因为她总是违反交通规则。 3. The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情终于私下解决了。,4. He earns scarcely enough to keep body and soul together. 他挣的钱几乎难以维持生活。 5. If you dare to play the fox with me ,Ill shoot you at once. 你要是敢和我耍滑头， 我马

50、上毙了你。 6. George likes to work with his hand; when it comes to books, hes square peg in a round hole. 乔治喜欢干手工活，对念书可是格格不入。,三：词义的褒贬色彩,语言本身没有阶级性，但为了忠实于原文的思想内容，翻译是必须正确理解原作者的基本政治立场和观点，然后选用适当的语言手段来加以表达。如： 1. Mr. Brown felt greatly flattered when he received the invitation to deliver a lecture. 2. Hans was

51、too obviously flattering the gentleman by saying he was the most courageous man he had ever seen. 3. Youre flattering me by saying that. 1.布朗先生接到作演讲的邀请时，感到非常荣幸。 2.汉斯说，这位先生是他所见过的最有胆识的人，这种阿谀奉承未免过于露骨。 3.你那么说，就过奖了。,1. She knows Peter is industrious and clever. 2. He is too clever for us. 1. 她知道彼得既勤奋又聪明。

52、 2. 他太狡猾了。,有些英语词既有褒义又有贬义，如：,1.有进取心的 2.故事 3. 英雄，冠军 4. 前途 5. 有雄心的 6. 羡慕 7 开发利用,1.侵略性的 2. 阴谋 3. 罪魁祸首 4. 下场 5. 野心勃勃的 6. 嫉妒 7. 剥削,1. aggressive 2. plot 3. champion 4. future 5. ambitious 6. envy 7. exploit,There is no rule that has no exception.,任何规则都有例外。,Translate the following sentences:,1. The inventi

53、on of machinery had brought into the world a new erathe Industrial Age. Money had become King. 2. Because they know where theyve come from, they know where theyre at, and they know where theyre going. 3.John was an aggressive salesman who did his job quite well. 1.机器的发明使世界进入了一个新纪元即工业时代，金钱成了主宰一切的权威。

54、2.因为他们知道自己的起点，自己的处境，也知道自己的目标。 3.约翰是个积极肯干的推销员，他的工作干得很出色。,4. Hitler pursued an aggressive policy after he seized power. 5. Im afraid shes too far from the cradle for you. 6. I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 4.希特勒夺取了政权之后就推行侵略政策。 5.恐怕他对你来说岁数太大了。 6.我不是那种让感情统治理智的人。,Homework,1. It was not that h

55、e had plenty of money. 2. There is no living in the island. 3. He wanted to go to sea. 4. Dont tell him home truth. 5. This failure was the making of him. 6. The boy cried because his schoolfellows called him names.,1.那并不是因为他很有钱。 2.那岛上不能居住。 3.他要去当水手。 4.不要对他讲逆耳的事实。 5.这次失败实为他成功的基础。 6.那孩子哭了，因为他的同学骂了他。,

56、2.3 词类的转译 Conversion,2.3.1：转译为动词 （一）名词转译为动词 A) 一些习语中的主体名词可以转成动词， 如： 这类习语有： have a rest, go for a walk, give a resemblance to , catch a look, make a claim to, pay attention to, have an effect on, in answer to, by means of, with a view of, for lack of, in accordance with, on account of, in proportion

57、to, at the expense of,1. We wouldnt have any idea when the boy was born. 我们 不可能知道这孩子是什么时候出生的。 2. I will not only forgive your infidelity to me but will do you all the service I can. 我不但原谅你对我的不忠实，还要尽力为你效劳。 3. As the man leaned over, the driver caught his first good look at the small cat-like face. 那个

58、人弯下腰来， 司机才第一次看清那张小小的猫儿脸。,B)由动词派生出来的名词可转译成动词,1. The government called for the establishment of more schools. 政府号召建立更多的学校。 2. There has been a tremendous expansion of kindergartens in both towns and villages. 城市和农村的幼儿园都在大量发展。 3. The new situation requires the formation of a new strategy. 新形势要求制定新战略。,C

59、) 含有动作意味的名词可转译成动词 1. Vietnamese War is a drain on American resources. 越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。 2. In fact, the abuse of drugs has become one of Americas most serious social problems. 事实上，滥用毒品已经成为美国最为严重的社会问题之一。 3. The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听到隆隆的机声，令我特别神往。,D) 由动词+er构成的名词可转译成动词,1. His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain-smoker. 他父亲根本不抽烟，他抽起烟来却一根接一根。 2. I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I . 我是个业余演员，他演得比我好。 3. Talking with his son, th