自动化专业毕业设计(论文)外文翻译-电子动力转向系统的研究与设计

1、facilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal government requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on th

2、e implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the hot and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Gov

3、ernment proposed of three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, and created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction,

4、and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchronization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by pass

5、ive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged reported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and电气与信息学院自动化专业毕业设计

6、（论文）外文翻译Electonic power steering system Research and Design电子动力转向系统的研究与设计digging out things, refine, eliminate, and strive to achieve dynamic information highlighting the timeliness, policy focus on targeted, experience information grasp typical problem emphasizes the tendency of information, freedo

7、m of information caught . Excellence, and accurate, short, does not speak empty words, cliches. Fast, is the emphasis on timeliness. Who want government leaders to grasp the important information must be collected quickly reported. Especially urgent important information such as events, in strict ac

8、cordance with the State Council concerning strengthening the emergency notice of significant reporting requirements, not only in the first period of submission to government events, also tracking developments closely, to submit measures, consequences, treatment and rehabilitation, and so on. Establi

9、sh a strict responsibility system, of late, fail to hide critical situations, to be held accountable. City and County Government offices and Government departments, we should further perfect duty system, raise the level of response and the ability to respond to emergencies and. Third, to open channe

10、ls of information. Role of key government information network main channel, building extends to all departments and units, vertical extension to the Township and community information networks, information staff, strengthening the work of information. Finished the basic tasks to be criticized. Did n

11、ot submit information for a long time the County (district) and sectoral, this year we will take effective measuresfacilitate decision implementation process step by step. Government offices at all levels in accordance with the notice on further strengthening the supervision work of the municipal go

12、vernment requires, and actively carry out supervision from the following aspects. One is to focus supervision on the implementation of the major decisions and arrangements of the municipal government, in leadership on the major issues of concern to implement, on the people reflect strongly on the ho

13、t and difficult problems to solve. Current, to tightly around implement implementation municipal, and Municipal Government proposed of three a insisted two promote, five big storming six breakthrough of guideline and General requirements, focus in foster four industry, and construction four base, an

14、d created four brand and farmers increase, and project construction, and enterprise reform, and city construction, and private economic, and building harmony social, aspects grasp supervision, makes we of supervision work and city of General thought tune, and and reform development of pulse synchron

15、ization. Second, supervision of the breakthrough in innovation, improved methods. Supervision of method, to by passive type to active type change, by everything to focus breakthrough change, by assault supervising to track supervising change, in full using sent letter supervision, and phone urged re

16、ported, and heard reported, basic method of while, more to used field check, and random checks, and17Electronic power steering system What it isElectrically powered steering uses an electric motor to drive either the power steering hydraulic pump or the steering linkage directly. The power steering

17、function is therefore independent of engine speed, resulting in significant energy savings.How it works :Conventional power steering systems use an engine accessory belt to drive the pump, providing pressurized fluid that operates a piston in the power steering gear or actuator to assist the driver.

18、In electro-hydraulic steering, one electrically powered steering concept uses a high efficiency pump driven by an electric motor. Pump speed is regulated by an electric controller to vary pump pressure and flow, providing steering efforts tailored for different driving situations. The pump can be ru

19、n at low speed or shut off to provide energy savings during straight ahead driving (which is most of the time in most world markets).Direct electric steering uses an electric motor attached to the steering rack via a gear mechanism (no pump or fluid). A variety of motor types and gear drives is poss

20、ible. A microprocessor controls steering dynamics and driver effort. Inputs include vehicle speed and steering, wheel torque, angular position and turning rate. Working In Detail:A steering sensor is located on the input shaft where it enters the gearbox housing. The steering sensor is actually two

21、sensors in one: a torque sensor that converts steering torque input and its direction into voltage signals, and a rotation sensor that converts the rotation speed and direction into voltage signals. An interface circuit that shares the same housing converts the signals from the torque sensor and rot

22、ation sensor into signals the control electronics can process.Inputs from the steering sensor are digested by a microprocessor control unit that also monitors input from the vehicles speed sensor. The sensor inputs are then compared to determine how much power assist is required according to a prepr

23、ogrammed force map in the control units memory. The control unit then sends out the appropriate command to the power unit which then supplies the electric motor with current. The motor pushes the rack to the right or left depending on which way the voltage flows (reversing the current reverses the d

24、irection the motor spins). Increasing the current to the motor increases the amount of power assist.The system has three operating modes: a normal control mode in which left or right power assist is provided in response to input from the steering torque and rotation sensors inputs; a return control

25、mode which is used to assist steering return after completing a turn; and a damper control mode that changes with vehicle speed to improve road feel and dampen kickback.If the steering wheel is turned and held in the full-lock position and steering assist reaches a maximum, the control unit reduces

26、current to the electric motor to prevent an overload situation that might damage the motor. The control unit is also designed to protect the motor against voltage surges from a faulty alternator or charging problem.The electronic steering control unit is capable of self-diagnosing faults by monitori

27、ng the systems inputs and outputs, and the driving current of the electric motor. If a problem occurs, the control unit turns the system off by actuating a fail-safe relay in the power unit. This eliminates all power assist, causing the system to revert back to manual steering. A dash EPS warning li

28、ght is also illuminated to alert the driver. To diagnose the problem, a technician jumps the terminals on the service check connector and reads out the trouble codes. click here to see a bigger Electric power steering systems promise weight reduction, fuel savings and package flexibility, at no cost

29、 penalty.Europes high fuel prices and smaller vehicles make a fertile testbed for electric steering, a technology that promises automakers weight savings and fuel economy gains. And in a short time, electric steering will make it to the U.S., too. Its just just a matter of time, says Aly Badawy, dir

30、ector of research and development for Delphi Saginaw Steering Systems in Saginaw, Mich. The issue was cost and thats behind us now. By 2002 here in the U.S. the cost of electric power steering will absolutely be a wash over hydraulic.Today, electric and hybrid-powered vehicles (EV), including Toyota

31、s Prius and GMs EV-1, are the perfect domain for electric steering. But by 2010, a TRW Inc. internal study estimates that one out of every three cars produced in the world will be equipped with some form of electrically-assisted steering. The Cleveland-based supplier claims its new steering systems

32、could improve fuel economy by up to 2 mpg, while enhancing handling. There are true bottom-line benefits as well for automakers by reducing overall costs and decreasing assembly time, since theres no need for pumps, hoses and fluids.Another claimed advantage is shortened development time. For instan

33、ce, a Delphi group developed E-TUNE, a ride-and-handling software package that can be run off a laptop computer. They can take that computer and plug it in, attach it to the controller and change all the handling parameters - effort level, returnability, damping - on the fly, Badawy says. It used to

34、 take months. Delphi has one OEM customer that should start low-volume production in 99.Electric steering units are normally placed in one of three positions: column-drive, pinion-drive and rack-drive. Which system will become the norm is still unclear. Short term, OEMs will choose the steering syst

35、em that is easiest to integrate into an existing platform. Obviously, greater potential comes from designing the system into an all-new platform.We have all three designs under consideration, says Dr. Herman Strecker, group vice president of steering systems division at ZF in Schwaebisch Gmuend, Ger

36、many. Its up to the market and OEMs which version finally will be used and manufactured.The large manufacturers have all grabbed hold of what they consider a core technology, explains James Handysides, TRW vice president, electrically assisted steering in Sterling Heights, Mich. His company offers a

37、 portfolio of electric steering systems (hybrid electric, rack-, pinion-, and column-drive). TRW originally concentrated on what it still believes is the purest engineering solution for electric steering-the rack-drive system. The system is sometimes refered to as direct drive or ball/nut drive.Stil

38、l, this winter TRW hedged its bet, forming a joint venture with LucasVarity. The British supplier received $50 million in exchange for its electric column-drive steering technology and as sets. Initial production of the column and pinion drive electric steering systems is expected to begin in Birmin

39、gham, England, in 2000.What we lack is the credibility in the steering market, says Brendan Conner, managing director, TRW/LucasVarity Electric Steering Ltd. The combination with TRW provides us with a good opportunity for us to bridge that gap. LucasVarity currently has experimental systems on 11 d

40、ifferent vehicle types, mostly European. TRW is currently supplying its EAS systems for Ford and Chrysler EVs in North America and for GMs new Opel Astra.In 1995, according to Delphi, traditional hydraulic power steering systems were on 7596 of all vehicles sold globally. That 37-million vehicle poo

41、l consumes about 10 million gallons in hydraulic fluid that could be superfluous, if electric steering really takes off.The present invention relates to an electrically powered drive mechamsm for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism. According to one aspect of the present inv

42、ention, there is provided an electrically powered driven mechanism for providing powered assistance to a vehicle steering mechanism having a manually rotatable member for operating the steering mechanism, the drive mechanism including a torque sensor operable to sense torque being manually applied t

43、o the rotatable member, an electrically powered drive motor drivingly connected to the rotatable member and a controller which is arranged to control the speed and direction of rotation of the drive motor in response to signals received from the torque sensor, the torque sensor including a sensor sh

44、aft adapted for connection to the rotatable member to form an extension thereof so that torque is transmitted through said sensor shaft when the rotatable member is manually rotated and a strain gauge mounted on the sensor shaft for producing a signal indicative of the amount of torque being transmi

45、tted through said shaft.Preferably the sensor shaft is non-rotatably mounted at one axial end in a first coupling member and is non-rotatably mounted at its opposite axial end in a second coupling member, the first and second coupling members being inter-engaged to permit limited rotation therebetwe

46、en so that torque under a predetermined limit is transmitted by the sensor shaft only and so that torque above said predetermined limit is transmitted through the first and second coupling members.The first and second coupling members are preferably arranged to act as a bridge for drivingly connecti

47、ng first and second portions of the rotating member to one another.Preferably the sensor shaft is of generally rectangular cross-section throughout the majority of its length.Preferably the strain gauge includes one or more SAW resonators secured to the sensor shaft.Preferably the motor is drivingly

48、 connected to the rotatable member via a clutch.Preferably the motor includes a gear box and is concentrically arranged relative to the rotatable member.Various aspects of the present invention will hereafter be described, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which :Figure 1 is a diagramm

49、atic view of a vehicle steering mechanism including an electrically powered drive mechanism according to the present invention,Figure 2 is a flow diagram illustrating interaction between various components of the drive mechanism shown in Figure 1 ,Figure 3 is an axial section through the drive mecha

50、nism shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 is a sectional view taken along lines IV-IV in Figure 3,Figure 5 is a more detailed exploded view of the input drives coupling shown in Figure 3, andFigure 6 is a more detailed exploded view of the clutch showing in Figure 3. Referring initially to Figure 1 , there i

51、s shown a vehicle steering mechanism 10 drivingly connected to a pair of steerable road wheels The steering mechanism 10 shown includes a rack and pinion assembly 14 connected to the road wheels 12 via joints 15. The pinion(not shown) of assembly 14 is rotatably driven by a manually rotatable member

52、 in the form of a steering column 18 which is manually rotated by a steering wheel 19.The steering column 18 includes an electric powered drive mechanism 30 which includes an electric drive motor (not shown in Figure 1) for driving the pinion in response to torque loadings in the steering column 18

53、in order to provide power assistance for the operative when rotating the steering wheel 19.As schematically illustrated in Figure 2, the electric powered drive mechanism includes a torque sensor20 which measures the torque applied by the steering column 18 when driving the pinion and supplies a sign

54、al to a controller 40. The controller 40 is connected to a drive motor 50 and controls the electric current supplied to the motor 50 to control the amount of torque generated by the motor 50 and the direction of its rotation.The motor 50 is drivingly connected to the steering column 18 preferably vi

55、a a gear box 60, preferably an epicyclic gear box, and a clutch 70. The clutch 70 is preferably permanently engaged during normal operation and is operative under certain conditions to isolate drive from the motor 50 to enable the pinion to be driven manually through the drive mechanism 30. This is

56、a safety feature to enable the mechanism to function in the event of the motor 50 attempting to drive the steering column too fast and/or in the wrong direction or in the case where the motor and/or gear box have seized.The torque sensor 20 is preferably an assembly including a short sensor shaft on

57、 which is mounted a strain gauge capable of accurately measuring strain in the sensor shaft brought about by the application of torque within a predetermined range.Preferably the predetermined range of torque which is measured is 0-lONm; more preferably is about l-5Nm.Preferably the range of measure

58、d torque corresponds to about 0-1000 microstrain and the construction of the sensor shaft is chosen such that a torque of 5Nm will result in a twist of less than 2 in the shaft, more preferably less than 1 .Preferably the strain gauge is a SAW resonator, a suitable SAW resonator being described in W

59、O91/13832. Preferably a configuration similar to that shown in Figure 3 of WO91/13832 is utilised wherein twoSAW resonators are arranged at 45 to the shaft axis and at 90 to one another.Preferably the resonators operate with a resonance frequency of between 200-400 MHz and are arranged to produce a signal to the controller 40 of 1 MHz 500 KHz depending upon the direction of rotation of th