宫东风25个考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(2)

1、姓名：_ 班级：_ 学号：_-密-封 -线- 宫东风25个考研英语阅读经典试题及答案(2)考试时间：120分钟 考试总分：100分题号一二三四五总分分数遵守考场纪律，维护知识尊严，杜绝违纪行为，确保考试结果公正。sample 2生物学类the fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. how such large creatures, which weighed in some cases

2、as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures were reptiles or birds are among the questions scientists have puzzled over.perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were

3、 reptiles. their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. the anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the class of birds. in pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a winglike membrane. the other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp

4、claws. in birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing, which consists primarily of feathers. if the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. when a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, cou

5、ld only turn upward in an extended inverted v shape along each side of the animals body.the pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. this is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. both the pterosau

6、rs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a savings in weight. in the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. t. h. huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must

7、 have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of metabolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. the recent discovery of a pterosaur spec

8、imen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct.efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even b

9、y rising into light winds from the crests of waves. each hypothesis has its difficulties. the first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs hind feet resembled a bats and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. the second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pte

10、rosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wings. the third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. the wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.1. it can be inferred from the text that scientist now g

11、enerally agree that thea enormous wingspan of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distances.b structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to bats.c fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flight.d pterosaurs were

12、reptiles.2. the author views the idea that the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves asa revolutionary.b unlikely.c unassailable.d probable.3. according to the text, the skeleton of a pterosaur can be distinguished from that of a bird by thea size of its wingspan.b p

13、resence of hollow spaces in its bones.c anatomic origin of its wing strut.d presence of hooklike projections on its hind feet.4. the ideas attributed to t. h. huxley in the text suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?a an animals brain size has little bearing

14、on its ability to master complex behaviors.b an animals appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.c animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.d the origin of flight in vertebrates was an

15、 accidental development rather than the outcome of specialization or adaptation.5. which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the text?a new evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.b three explanations for a phenomenon are presented and each

16、 is disputed by means of specific information.c three hypotheses are outlined and evidence supporting each is given.d recent discoveries are described and their implications for future study are projected. 答案与考点解析1. 【答案】d【考点解析】这是一道审题定位题型。该题的答案信息在第二段的第一句，根据本句的内容即可得出本题的正确答案是d。考生要加强对题干的理解和认识，并且要善于找到原文和

17、题干相吻合之处，否则就会失去解题思路。2. 【答案】b【考点解析】本题是一道句间关系题型。本题的答案信息在尾段的第一、二句和尾段的倒数第一、二句。从尾段的第二句 “each hypothesis has its difficulties” (每种假设都有缺陷)可以判断：认为“从浪尖上伴轻风飞起”是不可能的。考生要加强对句子之间语意关系的理解。3. 【答案】c【考点解析】本题是一道审题定位题。其答案信息在第三段。题干中问翼龙和鸟类骨骼方面的“不同”。原文第三段中涉及两者相同与不同。第三段的尾句暗示本题的正确答案是c。考生在解题时应加强审题定位的能力。4. 【答案】b【考点解析】这是一道归纳推导题

18、。本题的正确答案在第四段的第一、二、三句。这三句话的内容暗示本题的正确答案是b，即动物的外型通常受环境要求和生理能力的影响。考生在解题时应注意提高对原文信息的归纳推导能力。5. 【答案】b【考点解析】本题是一道段落结构识别题。尾段的第一句对所谈现象提出了三种解释，然后针对每一种解释进行科学上的否定。可见本题的正确答案是b。考生在复习中应该加强对段落结构的识别能力。参考译文第一批会飞的脊椎动物翼龙的化石，已经让古生物学家感兴趣达两个多世纪了。这种有时和大型滑翔机一样重，而且翅膀展开达812米宽的庞然大物是如何克服飞行时的重力，以及这种生物到底是属于鸟类还是爬行动物，对科学家们来讲仍旧是个谜。可能，最少引起争论的意见就是翼龙是爬行动物。它们的头盖骨、骨盆以及后腿都是爬行动物类型。对它们翅膀的解