如何做presentation( ppt)

1、Effective Presentations,演 讲,Main points,Elements of a presentation Structure of a presentation Tactics of a presentation,演讲是一个双向沟通过程,演讲后,1. What is the point? -objectives,What makes a good presentation? List all the things you think make a good presentation.,Purposes for making a presentation,To dem

2、onstrate: a service, product, system. To create: an image, strategy. To entertain: colleagues, outside people. To sell: a concept, product, idea. To promote: an attitude, a way of working. To suggest: a solution, a new concept.,Checklist 1. Overall a. Does she consider the audience? b. Does she have

3、 a clear objective and style (to tell, to sell, to amuse) 2. System a. Is her presentation well prepared? b. Is there a clear structure (beginning, middle and ending)? c. Does she link the parts together properly?,d. Is the content relevant and interesting? e. Has she considered the timing? 3. Deliv

4、ery a. Does she speak clearly? b. Does she speak at the right speed and using the right intonations? c. Does she use appropriate language? 4. Body language a. Does she use her body to emphasize meaning? b. Does she maintain eye contact with audience? c. Does she appear confident and positive?,5. Vis

5、ual aids a. Are the visual aids clear? b. Do they support her message? c. Does she use the equipment professionally?,Organization of a presentation: Introduction Outline Main parts Conclusion Review,I. 演讲的要素,演讲的三要素：信息、演讲者、听众 一、信息 信息可以由演讲者与听众共同分享。演讲中的信息，主要是 言语信息。 二、演讲者 演讲者是信息的发源地。演讲者主要以言语传递信息，还 用动作、手

6、势、姿态、表情等传递非言语符号的辅助信息。,三、听众, 听众是什么人 目标是什么 (一) 听众心理的几个特点 1听众对信息的接受具有选择性 ； 2听众心理是独立意识与从众心理的矛盾统一； 3“名片”效应与“自己人”效应； (二) 听众的构成 Your superiors Your colleagues Your team A mixed audience A hostile audience An international audience, 在演讲的整个准备过程中，演讲者思想上要一直想 着听众； 演讲者要列出其对听众了解的清单 演讲者要抓住并使听众保持对演讲的兴趣和想象力 演讲者要对听众注

7、意力进行再刺激 听众容易记住结构形式清楚并得到重复强调的内容 演讲者通过听众的耳闻目睹进入听众的记忆,（三）目标 演讲者应当能用一个短句写下其演说的目标 比如： “获得对第34号项目的资金批准认定。” “说服这位顾客购买我们一台电脑。” “告诉我的集体今年公司成果怎样。我们为什么要做得更好。” 然后演讲者要判定他(她)是否要尽力向听众 传授知识 /告知情况 施加影响,Preparation checklist,Objectives: Recheck that you have defined your objective correctly. Structure: Your presentat

8、ion have a clearly identifiable structure? Content: Is all said that needs saying? Sequence: Is it logical? Are all links and summaries appropriate? Time: Is sufficient time available for all you want to say? Balance: Is each section weighted correctly? Check the priorities of your arguments and fac

9、ts. Conclusion: Does it make people sit up and agree with you? Is it punchy? Objectives: All the above work towards achieving your objective?,II. 演讲的结构,I、Structuring a presentation An effective presentation structure includes: 1. Use an effective opening 2. Give a preview 3. State your main points c

10、learly 4. Use clear inner summary and signal words for transition 5. Use an effective closing,2. Making a start,1. Which of the items on the checklist below would you include in the introduction to: a. an internal presentation to colleagues? b. an internal presentation to bosses? c. an external pres

11、entation to customers? d. an external presentation to suppliers?,Checklist your name and position/job title the title/subject of your presentation the purpose of your presentation the length of time you will take the main parts or points you will cover any visual aides you will use when the audience

12、 may ask questions a human touch,1.,1. Exercise: Listen to the tape (P12) ( )Internal presentation to colleagues at a budget meeting? ( ) external presentation to delegates at a professional conference 2. Complete the presentation introduction with words from the list: talk about look at points of v

13、iew questions brief finally hear act as go along,Good afternoon and thank you for making the effort to be here with us today. My names Rachel Rawlins and Im responsible for public affairs. What Id like to do today is _ our recent corporate campaign. This _ talk will hopefully _ a springboard for dis

14、cussion. Im going to _ the corporate campaign from 3 _: firstly, the customers; secondly, the financial institutions; and _, the shareholders. If you have any _, just interrupt me as I _. Your point of view may well be different, and wed like to _ from you.,1) Use an effective opening Goals Techniqu

15、es Use humor Refer to the unusual Refer to the familiar Use audience motivation techniques,2)Give a preview 3)State your main points clearly Follow your preview Limit your main points Use explicit transitions Provide internal summaries 4)Use an effective closing Give a summary Refer to the opening E

16、nd with the action steps Refer to audience benefits,表4.1 开头实例例1：提问 “我想问一下在座的诸位，哪位知道过去24小时里在中国有多少孩子出生?” “我想知道，如果我告诉您，您的计算机在买进时已经过时，您有何感想?”例2：事实陈述 “今天，我们市又有30个孩子的父亲因工去世这类死亡本可得到预防!”例3：提及 “今天，这里的每一位都记得，当我们听到唐山大地震时的震惊和悲痛。”,例4：主题 “我今晚要给您讲述令人激动振奋的xR5多用程序，然后告诉您这种电脑将如何改变您的经商方式。”例5：引用 “一位伟人说：每个人的经历远远超过他的想像范围。

17、不过，正是经验而不是想象，才影响人的行为。”例6: 感染情绪 “好心的人们，您只要掏五毛线，就可以使这个孩子活下去，直到下年的收获季节，那时他就可以养活自己。”,3 Linking the parts,Different ways of organizing information and ideas:,company,money,people,assets,suppliers,cash,product,price,quality,staff,customers,fixed,intangible,mngmt,subordint,costs,Competition,Model 1,Company

18、 I. Money A. assets a. fixed b. intangible B. cash II. People A. staff a. management b. subordinates B. customer C. suppliers III. Product A. quality B. price a. costs b. competition,Model 2,Use the information below to prepare a short presentation. Type of training: Technical Management Technical t

19、raining Information technology (computers) Objective: to keep a technical edge over the competition Training for efficiency Training for innovation 95% of employees receive some technical training Management training Leadership / team management strategies Objective: to run an efficient business 3%

20、of employees receive management training,4 Finishing off,Signal to end summary invitation for questions recommendation,Complete Joannas presentation notes. Signal to end _ Summary _1._2. _3._ Recommendation _ Invitation for Questions _,You are going to hear the final part of 4 presentations. Decide

21、which presentation each extract comes from. The sales presentation by a salesman to a group of prospective customers ( ) The welcome presentation ( ) The new idea presentation ( ) The motivation presentation by personnel director to new employees ( ),结尾实例例1：提问 “所以，女士们，先生们，我要提请诸位思考一一如果有人告诉您，您正在受到这种疾病

22、的困绕，您有何感想?”例2：提示 “今天，在我们的节目里，我要使您认识到，我们需要有更强更专业化的经销活动。而实际上，通过向您展示一个等待我们未开发的巨大市场，我想我已实现了目标。”,例3：行动 “我的建议已告诉诸位。时间已刻不容缓。如果我们想避免灾难，那就必须立即行动。要想保证公司未来的繁荣，希望各位不要再迟疑，行动起来!” 例4：选择 “在我看来，我们有三种选择：或者接受工会最后通牒；或者争取时间考虑我们的立场；或者采取最后行动。”例5：灌输忧患 “所以，女士们，先生们，如果我们不能在下季度将销售额提高10，并保持这一增长水平一两年，那么我们公司将面临倒闭的危险。 ”,5. Putting

23、 it all together,Classic presentation structure Introduction outline main parts summary conclusion,Assessment form for presentation before the presentation Define the audience Clarify the objectives / purpose Plan the content Design suitable visual aids Control the length Follow a clear structure Su

24、mmary and conclusion,During the presentation Keep eye contact with the audience Dont rush (remember to pause) Articulate clearly and project your voice,III. Special speaking situations 1. Manuscript speaking Use “spoken style” Write and edit Prepare the manuscript 2. Impromptu speaking Anticipate Ke

25、ep your remarks short Organize as well as you can Relate to experience,3. Team presentations Organize as a whole Provide content transitions between speakers Use visual aids consistently Rehearse and deliver as a group Answer questions consistently 4. Media and telecommunications Preparing in advanc

26、e Using audio devices Being on camera,EXERCISE:,Prepare a short presentation to last five minutes. Your audience are your classmates, and the subject matter is about something that you have a deep interest in or about which you hold a strong conviction.,IV. The right kind of language,Checklist Eye c

27、ontact Language complexity sentence length use of pause impersonal Manner open or closed? interested?,Language focus: Delivery and style Tempo: vary the speed and pause from time to time Volume: dont shout or murmur Expressiveness: vary the pitch Articulation: dont rush, be clear, practice key words

28、 beforehand, Sentence length: avoid reading Style: natural English, no written English, formal vs. informal Linkers: guide the audience; help vary the pace of your presentation Emphasizers: exaggerate a little to help get your message across more persuasively.,V. Visual aids,Checklist 1. dont use vi

29、suals to repeat what you can say with words. 2. dont overcrowd visuals with too much information. 3. pay attention to the sizes, fonts and colors of the words. 4. pay attention to structure and difference between different levels of the structure 5. dont read from visuals,Make these sentences transi

30、tive. 1. Our salaries have remained constant for five years. The company _ salaries at the same level. 2. The temperature in the building has fallen. The caretaker _the temperature in the building. 3. Interest rates have risen over the last two weeks. Banks _ their interest rates. 4. Production has

31、stayed the same for some time. The company _ production at the same level. 5. The average age has decreased in the company. Recruiting policy _ the average age.,We often use noun phrases instead of verbs to describe trends. For example: Prices have risen considerably. There has been a considerable r

32、ise in price. Change the following sentences to include a noun phrase. The market has expanded slightly. Prices are going to fall dramatically. Our export sales collapsed suddenly. Sales are increasing steadily. Salaries have dropped gradually. Profits will certainly rise significantly.,VI. Body lan

33、guage,version 1 version 2 General appearance Stance and posture Hands position Hands gestures Eye contact Facial expression Movement,Underline the expressions in these extracts which are strongly emphasized. These cost cuts are going to cause considerable pain. We need to draw up a plan of action. I

34、 have put some ideas on the board. These are some of the measures we could consider. There are broadly three approaches. First, we could accept the cuts and reduce staff drastically. Secondly, we could fight and hope to achieve some reduction in the level of the cuts. Or thirdly, and this is what I

35、support, we could put forward an alternative proposal. Now, this would mean.,Language focus: emphasizing and minimizing Emphasizing Minimizing extremely it seems. absolutely it appears. completely just entirely a bit fairly perhaps reasonably tend to quite to some extent,Emphasize the message. This

36、has been a good year. We have had a difficult time. We have seen a disastrous decline in our profits. It was easy to achieve our objectives. The announcement was unexpected. Ive got some bad news.,Complete these sentences with words that minimize the message. We _ see things differently. _ your expe

37、rience is _ limited. _, youre right. But _ we _ consider the long-term view. Theres _ time. _ we _ discuss this question now.,第三节 演讲语言的运用技巧一、语言表达的三个基本要求, 准确精炼 上口入耳 形象生动 （如“望梅止渴”） 比喻 （林肯的著名演讲裂开的屋子） 引用 设问 反问 排比,The use of your voice,Is your voice boring? Do you speak in a monotone, or vary your pitch?

38、 Is the speed of your delivery constant? Varied? Do you drop your voice at the end of a sentence? Is your breathing right? Do you run out of breath in the middle of a sentence? (Ita probably too long then!) How do you make a point or emphasize a key issue? Do you raise your voice? Do you speak more

39、slowly? More quickly? Do you repeat it? Do you use long words? Short words? Long sentences? Why? When? Are your words within the vocabulary of your audience? Do they understand you? After your next presentation, ask a friend in the audience for constructive feedback on the above points.,二、有声语言的运用技巧,

40、声音 重音 “我请你吃饺子” “我的猫坐在席子上” “我没说他偷了我的书” 吐字,二、有声语言的运用技巧,语气语调 爱的感情：“气徐声柔”，漫和感 憎的感情：“气促声硬”，挤压感 悲的感情：“气沉声缓”，迟滞感 喜的感情：“气满声高”，跳跃感 惧的感情：“气提声凝”，紧缩感 急的感情：“气短声促”，紧迫感 怒的感情：“气粗声重”，震动感 疑的感情：“气细声粘”，踌躇感,二、有声语言的运用技巧,停顿 语法停顿 逻辑停顿 “养猪大如山老鼠头头死” 我们的目的一定要达到 我们的目的一定能够达到 心理停顿 节奏（轻快型，持重型，高扬型，复合型）,Your body language,Do you talk to the audience, or to the screen behind you? Do you act