非限定动词基本知识点

1、非限定动词基本知识点 非限定动词（non-finite verb） 一、定义：非限定动词在句中不可单独用作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制；它在句中可以用作其他句子成分。它包括三种：不定式（infinitive）、动名词（gerund）、分词（participles）。 二、功能： 主语 表语 宾语 定语 状语 补语 同位语 否定 not加在to前面 不定式 动名词 分词 三、形式： 不定式 主动语态 一般式 to do 被动语态 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done to have been done 动名词 主动语态 一般式 doing 被动

2、语态 being done 否定 not加在v-ing完成式 having done having been done 前面 现在分词的形式等于动名词，过去分词的形式即为动词的过去分词。 过去分词通常表示逻辑主语的动作已完成，或者与逻辑主语间是被动关系，如： gone from home so long, they couldnt recognize the place at all. （表示动作已完成） some of them, born and brought up in villages, had never seen a train. （表示被动） 四、用法注意点： 1、不定式 作宾

3、补时，不带to的动词：感觉动词（feel，see，hear，watch，notice等）和使役动词（make，let，have），如： we felt the house shake. i would have you know that i am ill. （不带to的不定式） find与help之后，不定式可带to可不带to。 “for+名（代）词+不定式”结构，如： for a child to do that job isnt suitable. its time for us to go. 在adj. + for sb. to do sth.和adj. + of sb. to sth

4、.结构中，当形容词表示客观意义时，用for，如difficult，easy，impossible，important，hard等；当形容词表示主观意义时，用of，如nice, kind, good, bad, honest, stupid, silly, clever等。比较下面两个句子： its kind of you to say so. its easy for you to say so. “疑问词+不定式”结构：疑问词who, what, which, when, where, how后加不定式可构成一种特殊短语，在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。如： when to start ha

5、s not been decided.（主语） i dont know what to do.（宾语） he didnt know whether to go there or not.（宾语） the question was where to go.（表语） 在but, except之前如有动词do，其后的不定式不用to；若之前的动词不是do，则不定式带to。比较： we now have nothing to do but/except wait. we now have no choice but/except to wait. 疑问词why引导的省略句的不定式在当代英语中一般必须省去

6、to，如： why talk so much about it? why not try it again? 2、动名词 在it is + no use/ no good/ fun后面加v-ing。 如： it is no use crying. it is no good asking him for help. its great fun sailing a boat. 在下列动词后面，只用v-ing形式：admit, avoid, consider, delay, deny, dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, 1 imagine, include, keep

7、, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, suggest, give up等。 在下列动词后面，常接不定式：agree, ask, claim, choose, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, manage, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等。 既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词：begin, continue, endure, fear, forget, hate, help, intend, learn, like, love,

8、 mean, need, neglect, prefer, regret, remember, start, try, want等。 注意接不定式和动名词，意义不同的动词，如：try, regret, mean, forget, stop, go on, remember, cant help等。 介词+动名词结构，如：succeed in doing sth. , believe in doing sth. , object to doing sth. , insist on doing sth. , think of doing sth. , worry about doing sth.

9、, accuse sb. of doing sth. , devoteto doing sth. , pay attention to doing sth. , prevent sb. from doing sth. , agree on doing sth. , aim at doing sth. , aware of doing sth. , busy in doing sth. , capable of doing sth. , equal to doing sth. , fond of doing sth. , guilty of doing sth.等。 有些时候，动名词以主动态表示

10、被动意思。如： our classroom needs cleaning. = needs to be cleaned. if a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well. 3、现在分词 现在分词用作状语时，可置于句首，也可置于句末。如： he went out shutting the door behind him. seeing that it was raining, tom took his umbrella. 有些现在分词用来表示说话人对所说的话的一种态度，它们已变成固定词组，可以看作一种句子的独立成分。如： generally s

11、peaking 一般来说 judging from 从?来判断 talking of 说到? allowing for 考虑到? considering 考虑到? counting 算上? supposing 假定? 现在分词的形式等于动名词，但作定语时，现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即，现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，二者逻辑上无主谓关系。如：a sleeping child（现在分词）和a sleeping car（动名词）的区别。 4、过去分词 一般来说，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如： a young man writing novels died yesterday. the novel written by him is quite popular with teenagers. 现在分词所表示的动作尚未完成，过去分词所表示的动作则多已完成。如：developing countries（发展