初中英语语法非谓语动词

1、非谓语动词,初中英语非谓语动词知识点总结: 非谓语动词主要指在句中不能充当谓语，而是充当其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式、动名词和分词（包括现在分词和过去分词），现在分词和动名词又统称为动词的-ing形式。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化. 在中考中，对不定式和动名词的考查最多，尤其是疑问词+不定式，不定式作宾补，及只能用动词-ing形式作宾语的情况。考查形式通常为单选、句型转化、完成句子等。,非谓语动词,动词不定式,基本形式及特点,用法,注意事项,返回主页,动词不定式,（1）基本形式： to+动词原形 （在某些情况下可以不带 to）,返回主页,动词不定式,(3) 用法 ：,a、作

2、主语，如,to learn a foreign language is not easy . = its not easy to learn a foreign language.,注意：不定式短语作主语如果太长，常用it作形式主语，将不定式后置。除动词be外， 动词take也常用于上述结构。,b、作表语，如,the important thing is to finish the work on time .,返回主页,动词不定式,作宾语,c、,动词 + to do (下面的11个动词必须准确记忆）,动词+疑问词 + to do,动词 + it(形式宾语）+宾补 +to do,常见动词有 a

3、gree,decide ,fail（失败）, hope, wish , want, plan，promise(发誓）, seem（似乎）, expect （期望）,happen（to do碰巧）,i dont know what to do .,i find it important to learn english.,返回主页,li mei asked me to show her the new dictionary .,注：有以上结构的常用动词有 tell. wish, ask, want , like, beg（乞求）, invite,warn（警告）, allow（允许）,encou

4、rage（鼓励）,advise（建议） 等。,(不带 to 的不定式),注：常用的动词是：感官动词see, hear, feel, watch, notice用于often的句中； 使役动词 have ,make,let.,返回主页,e、作状语,可以表目的、表结果、表原因,f、作定语（必须后置）,动词不定式,返回主页,i have something to say . its the best way to help him .,marry opened the door for him to come in (目的） .,大家来说说,什么情况下用do （动词原形） ?,1、had bette

5、r 后 2、使让动词 make , let , have 用于主动语态时。 3、感官动词see, hear , watch , feel , notice 用在“经常”的主动语态时。 4、please 的后面 5、why not / why dont you 后 6、情态动词之后。,注意：,在学习动词不定式的时候还有两点要注意哦！,1、在感官动词和使役动词后作宾补时，不定式可省略to,但以上词变为被动语态时，要加上to, 如,i always saw her play the violin .,he was made to work 12 hours a day.,返回主页,2、动词不定式的否

6、定形式为： not + to do,mr.smith asked the boy _(not play) this kind of game.,not to play,please have him _(not do) so much housework.,not do,返回主页,在“it is + 形容词 + of sb + 不定式”结构中，形容词往往表示人物的性格和特征，如kind, clever, wrong, right, foolish, stupid, careless, impolite, honest, naughty等。在“it is + 形容词 + for sb + 不定式

7、”结构中，形容词通常表示事物的性质，如important, possible, impossible, difficult, hard等。比较it is good of you to help me with my english.你真好，帮助我学英语。(强调you的特征=you are good to help me.)it is good for you to give up smoking.戒烟对你有好处。(强调的是give up smoking这一行为= for you to give up smoking is good.),动名词,基本形式及特征,用法,注意,返回主页,动名词,基本

8、形式,特点,动词原形 + ing,具有名词、动词的一些特征。,返回主页,动名词,用法,1、作主语,picking apples is much better than having classes.,2、作宾语,（1）只能接动名词做宾语的动词有miss（错过）, finish, mind, keep, practice, enjoy, spend ,suggest（建议）等。,返回主页,动名词,（2）既可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有两类：,返回主页,动名词,3、作表语,his favorite sport is playing basketball .,4、作定语,finishing

9、 line（终点线）,返回主页,注意两点,1、动名词的 复合结构为：,名词所有格,形容词性物主代词,+ 动名词,c,返回主页,2、动名词的习惯用语：,a. its no use doing sth.,b. cant help doing sth. 禁不住做某事。,c. feel like doing sth.,d. be busy doing sth.,e. no doing,返回主页,动名词和不定式的用法区别： 无论做什么成分： 动名词都表示“正在”或“一贯” 不定式表示“一次”或“将要”,分词,现在分词,过去分词,返回主页,现在分词,基本形式：动词原形+ ing,过去分词,基本形式： 规则

10、动词加ed 或不规则动词的过去分词,developing country,developed country,返回主页,现在分词用法及意义： 1，表示正在进行 2，表示伴随状态 过去分词用法及意义： 作定语：1，前置定语表示已经完成 2，后置定语表示被动,have a,have a,t,r,est?,est?,返回主页,listen to a song and have a rest,返回主页,are you ready ? ok ! now ,have a test!,返回主页,总结与思考,什么情况下用to do ?,什么情况下用doing ?,什么情况下用do ?,1.thank you

11、for us so well . a. to teach b. teaches c. taught d. teaching 2. i often do some on sundays. a. washed b. to wash c. washing d. washes 3. the boy jack in class one is my brother. a. call b. to be called c. calling d. called 4.it often takes me half an hour home. a. walking b. to walk c. walked d. wa

12、lks 5. dont forget her clean water every day . a. to give b. giving c. given d. give,6. i think it is important english well . a. learning b. learn c. to learn d. learned 7. the funny story made us all hard . a. laugh b. to laugh c. laughing d. laughed 8. our teacher told us hard at our lessons . a.

13、 to work b. work c. working d. worked,9. could you tell me this newspaper ? a. to read how b. how to read c. what to read d. what read 10. i dont know next . a. what to do b. what to do it c. how to do d. to how do it 11. my hair is too long , so i must have it this afternoon. a.cut b. cuts c. cutti

14、ng d. cutted 12.remember late for class again . a. not to b. be not to c. not to be d. not to come 13. mr smith asked the man the queue(跳队夹塞） . a. not jump b. didnt jump c. not to jump d. to not jump,14.why not with us ? you see , its very . a. go ; interested b. go; interesting c. to go ; intereste

15、d d. going ; interesting 15. what about to the cinema tonight ? -thats a good idea. id like with you . a. going ; going b. to go ; to go c. going ; to go d. go ; going 16.everyone here is busy read for the coming entrance tests（入学考试） . a. get b. to get c. getting d. gets,17.weve worked for two hours

16、 . lets a rest . a. stop to have b. stop having c. to stop to have d .stopping having 18. would you mind me a favor （帮我一下）？ a. do b. to go c. doing d. did 19. mr wang asked me him . a. help b. helps c. to help d. helping 20. please tell jim not late again . a. to b. be c. to be d. be to,23.please do

17、nt forget to me , will you ? a. to write b. writing c. write,22.the boy wants his father a question about the moon . asking b. to ask c. ask d. asked,21.miss yang asked the boy , the baby was sleeping in the room . a. to stop to sing b. to stop singing c. stop singing d. stop to sing,25.its about si

18、x oclock, lets _ supper now . a. stop having b. to stop having c. stop to have d. to stop to have 26.wed better _ on the road . a car may hit us . a. not to play b. not play c. to not play d. dont play,24. mother decided _ tom away from school （辍学. a. to keep not b. keep not c. not to keep d. not keep,29. i often see them with some foreigners . a. talk b. to talk c. talking d. talked 30. he says life wont be worth without love . a. live b.living c. living d. to live,27. liu mei helped the turners their tickets on the train . a. p