定语从句难点考点总结高一2.ppt

1、The attributive clause,Attributive Clauses,这是我的杯子 这是一个装满茶的杯子。 这是我喝茶用的杯子。,Tips:当你用一个词不能尽情表达你想说的意思时， 就用短语； 如果短语还不能满足，就用从句。,为什么用 定语从句,This is my cup.,This is a cup full of /filled with tea.,This is the cup which I drink tea with.,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。,定语从句,先

2、行词,关系词,定语从句的三个概念,引导定语从句,代替先行词,在定语从句中担当一个成分,The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.,A,B,C,Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine which/that you asked for.,关系词的三个功能,Step 1 判定主从句部分 Step 2 判定先行词 Step 3 把从句_， 看先行词在从句中充当何成分。,选择关系词的三个步骤,还原,1.The number of people _come to visit this cit

3、y each year reaches one million.,2.Where is the man _ I saw this morning?,3.The book _ you introduced to me this morning is very interesting.,5. Do you want to borrow the book _cover is blue?,come to visit,this city each year,I saw this,you introduced,to me this morning,who/ that,who/ whom/ that,whi

4、ch/ that/略,whose,4.I visited a scientist_ name is known all over the country.,name is known,all over the country.,whose,cover,is blue,morning,( ),思考一：关系代词和关系副词如何选择？,1.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time.2.The reason_he gave us sounded reasonable.3.Ill never forget the day _we

5、 spent together in Paris.4.Ill remember the day_we stayed together.5.This is the factory_we visited last year.6.This is the house _Lincoln once lived.,引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看 _,即把先行词还原 到从句中看是作主语、宾语还是状语。,why,that/which,that/which,when,that/which,where,结论：,他们在从句中作什么成份,( ),( ),( ),that,which,who,whom,whose

6、,when,where,why,人/物,宾,定,时间,时间状语,地点,原因,地点状语,原因状语,主、宾,主、宾,主、宾,(1) The school _ he once studied in is very famous. The school _ he once studied is very famous.(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked for. Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine _ you asked.(3) Well go to hear the famous sing

7、er _we have often talked about. Well go to hear the famous singer _ we have often talked.,that/which略,in which,that/which/略,for which,whom/that/who/略,about whom,介词 + 关系代词,1. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms _which Im not sure. 根据从句中动词或形容词的_ 1949 was the year _which the P.R.C. was founde

8、d. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯 2. Is that the newspaper _which you often write articles? 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系,for,about,in,the newspaper,the year,idioms,思考二：介词+关系代词中,介词如何选择?,习惯搭配,1. This is the car _which I bought last year. 2. This is the car _which I paid 100$.3. This is the car _ which I cant go to work.4. This is

9、 the car _which the old man was knocked down.5. This is the car _which a boy threw a stone.6. This is the car_which the window was broken. 7. He loved his parents deeply, _ are very kind to him.(父母俩都) 8. In the basket there are quite many apples, _ _ have gone bad. (其中有些）,/,for,without,by,at,of,= wh

10、ose window,= the window of which,both of whom,some ofwhich,启示：,若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可 用_不可用who, that；关系代词指物时 只可用_,不可用that; 关系代词是所有格 时用_。,whom,which,whose,/ the +先行词 of which /of which the +先行词,1.Once more I am in Boston , _ which I have not been for ten years . 2.He mentioned a book , _ which the titl

11、e I cant remember . He mentioned a book , _ title I cant remember . 3.The clever boy made a hole in the wall _ which he could see what was happening inside . 4. I have many friends , _ whom some are businessmen . 5. The two things _ which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair .,to,of,

12、whose,through,of,of,6. This is the desk _ which there are a lot of books . 7. The gas _ which we cant live is called oxygen . 8. A strange girl entered the room and related to me a story of her own , _ which I suspect the truth . 9. Unfortunately , many young people nowadays end up in jobs _ which t

13、hey are not suited .,on,without,of,to,思考三：as/which有何特殊性?,This is the same pen as I bought yesterday。 2. He is the same person that gave me help yesterday. 3.I want to have such a dictionary as he has. 4. This was so interesting a book as I cant put down. (This was so interesting a book that_ _),先行词被

14、 _修饰了的时候用as 但 the sameas(相似性) the samethat（同一性） 有区别,总结：,the same, such, so,I couldnt put it down.,This is the same pen as I lost yesterday . This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .,1. We won the game, as we had expected. 2.As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. 3. The professo

15、r, as I learnt later, was the father of my deskmate. 4.Tom was late for school again and again, which made his teacher very angry. 5.Tom suddenly fell ill, which made us sad. = Tom suddenly fell ill, _ that made us sad.,and,句首，句中，句末,正如，好像,As/ which,句末,总结:1. _指代主句的内容. 2.as引导的定语从句可放在_ 3.as译为_。 4.which

16、 引导的定语从句只能放在_ 5.当主句和从句之间存在逻辑上的_时， 关系词往往只用which. 6. which往往可以翻译成_,因果关系,这;这一点,7. as的习惯用法 as we (all) know / as is (well) known to us as anybody can see as has been said before as often happens as mentioned above as has been pointed out as is often the case as may be imagined,众所周知 正如人人都能看到的那样 如上所述 正如经常

17、发生的那样 如上所述 正如已经指出的 情况常常如此 可以想象得出,定语从句只能用that不用which的情况 以及用which不用that的情况（12期报纸）,1.定语从句的谓语动词的单复数由_ 决定。 Those who _ finished may leave the classroom now . This is one of the houses that _(be) free . He is the only one of the teachers who _(know) French in our school . 注：“one of the + 复数名词”这一结构后面的定语从句中

18、的谓语动词通常用复数形式， 但当one前有the only , the very之类的修饰语时， 后面从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。,先行词,其他常见问题,have,are,knows,2. the way作先行词的引导词_ 3.先行词是 situation, point, case 时，关系词多用 _ Imagine a situation where two strangers are talking to each other after someone they both know has left the room . Teachers must pay attention to t

19、he case where students are able to recite many words but cant use them properly .,that / in which / 省略,where,分割定语从句,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。,There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.,在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。,Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borr

20、owed a diamond necklace？,先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。,A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.,此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长， 主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语 之后,many thousands of stars,one afternoon,A new master,定语从句和其它句型的转换,定语从句和非谓语动词： (1)There are lots of good English programmes which are shown on TV in C

21、hina. There are lots of good English programmes _ on TV in China. (2)At one time there were long queues of people who were waiting outside the CAAC offices. At one time there were long queues of people _ outside the CAAC offices.,结论：定语从句是主动形式，用现在分词作定语; 从句是被动形式，用过去分词。,shown,waiting,(1) It was at seve

22、n oclock _he went to school this morning. It was seven oclock _he went to school this morning. (2) It is the education _ he received when studying abroad _ has made him such an excellent manager .,结论： 强调句句型：It is/was +被强调的成份+that/who +其它部分去掉 It is/was.that/who ,句子照样成立。而定语从句的引导词在句中要作一成份。,that,when,th

23、at,that,定语从句/强调句,(1)The news _our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _he asked me to solve is hard to solve.,that 引导 同位语从句，在从句中_，并且引导的句子是_，在从句中 (可/不可)省去，也不可用wh

24、ich 替代。That/which 引导定语从句，在从句中充当成份，作宾语时(可/不可)省去，从句起说明主句性质和特征的作用。,that,that/which/略,that,that/which,不充当任成份,说明前一名词的内容,不可,可以,定语从句和同位语从句,He did all (that) he could to help me . (2) All that can be done has been done. (3) _is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _Taiwan belongs to China. (4)_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun.,As,that,What,(=what),(=what),结论： 定语从句只起修饰作用