外文翻译英文文献中英版基于wince的adsl线路参数的研究大学毕设论文

1、外文翻译原文）ADSL line parameters research based on WIN CEAuthor:Kubilay AtasuLu BreveglieriWindows CE (also known officially as Windows Embedded CE since version 6.023, and sometimes abbreviated WinCE) is a variation of Microsofts Windows operating system for minimalistic computers and embedded systems.

2、Windows CE is a distinctly different kernel, rather than a trimmed-down version of desktop Windows. It is not to be confused with Windows XP Embedded which is NT-based. It is supported on Intel x86 and compatibles, MIPS, ARM, and Hitachi SuperH processors.1. Features ：Windows CE is optimized for dev

3、ices that have minimal storagea Windows CE kernel may run in under a megabyte of memory. Devices are often configured without disk storage, and may be con figured as a closed II system that does -nxstsa llow for endextension (for instance, it can be burned into ROM). Windows CE conforms to the defin

4、ition of a real-time operating system, with a deterministic interrupt latency. It supports 256 priority levels and uses priority inheritance for dealing with priority inversion. The fundamental unit of execution is the thread. This helps to simplify the interface and improve execution time. Microsof

5、t has stated that the ?CEis not an intentional initialism, but many people believe CE stands for ?Consumer Electronics ?CompactEdition ; users often disparagingly called itMicrosoft WsaiynsceitIim.pliesa number of Windows CE design precepts, includingCompact, Connectabl,e, CompatibleCompanion, and E

6、fficient. ThIe first version, known during development under the codenamePegasusI, featured a Wind-oliwkes GUI and a number of Microsofts popular applications, all trimmed down for smaller storage, memory, and speed of the palmtops of the day. Since then, Windows CE has evolved into a component-base

7、d, embedded, real-time operating system. It is no longer targeted solely at hand-held computers. Many platforms have been based on the core Windows CE operating system, including Microsofts AutoPC, Pocket PC 2000, Pocket PC 2002, Windows Mobile 2003, Windows Mobile 2003 SE, Windows Mobile 5.0, Windo

8、ws Mobile 6, Smartphone 2002, Smartphone 2003 and many industrial devices and embedded systems. Windows CE even powered select games for the Sega Dreamcast, was the operating system of the controversial Gizmondo handheld, and can partially run on modified Microsoft Xbox game consoles.A distinctive f

9、eature of Windows CE compared to other Microsoft operating systems is that large parts of it are offered in source code form. First, source code was offered to several vendors, so they could adjust it to their hardware. Then products like Platform Builder (an integrated environment for Windows CE OS

10、 image creation and integration, or customized operating system designs based on CE) offered several components in source code form to the general public. However, a number of core components that do not need adaptation to specific hardware environments (other than the CPU family) are still distribu

11、ted in binary form only.2. Development tools ：Visual Studio,Late versions of Microsoft Visual Studio support projects for Windows CE / Windows Mobile, producing executable programs and platform images either as an emulator or attached by cable to an actual mobile device. A mobile device is not neces

12、sary to develop a CE program. The .NET Compact Framework supports a subset of the .NET Framework with projects in C# and VB.NET, but not Managed C+.Platform Builder,This programming tool is used for building the platform (BSP + Kernel), device drivers (shared source or custom made) and also the appl

13、ication. This is a one step environment to get the system up and running. One can also use Platform Builder to export an SDK (standard development kit) for the target microprocessor (SuperH, x86, MIPS, ARM etc.) to be used with another associated tool set named below.Embedded Visual C+ (eVC) ,The Em

14、bedded Visual C+ tool is for development of embedded application for Windows CE based devices. This tool can be used standalone using the SDK exported from Platform Builder or using the Platform Builder using the Platform Manager connectivity setup.3. Relationship to Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and S

15、martPhone ：Often Windows CE, Windows Mobile, and Pocket PC are used interchangeably. This practice is not entirely accurate. Windows CE is a modular/componentized operating system that serves as the foundation of several classes of devices. Some of these modules provide subsets of other components f

16、eatures (e.g. varying levels of windowing support; DCOM vs COM), others which are mutually exclusive (Bitmap or TrueType font support), and others which add additional features to another component. One can buy a kit (the Platform Builder) which contains all these components and the tools with which

17、 to develop a custom platform. Applications such as Excel Mobile/Pocket Excel are not part of this kit. The older Handheld PC version of Pocket Word and several other older applications are included as samples, however.Windows Mobile is best described as a subset of platforms based on a Windows CE u

18、nderpinning. Currently, Pocket PC (now called Windows Mobile Classic), SmartPhone (Windows Mobile Standard), and PocketPC Phone Edition (Windows Mobile Professional) are the three main platforms under the Windows Mobile umbrella. Each platform utilizes different components of Windows CE, as well as

19、supplemental features and applications suited for their respective devices.Pocket PC and Windows Mobile is a Microsoft-defined custom platform for general PDA use, and consists of a Microsoft-defined set of minimum profiles (Professional Edition, Premium Edition) of software and hardware that is sup

20、ported. The rules for manufacturing a Pocket PC device are stricter than those for producing a custom Windows CE-based platform. The defining characteristics of the Pocket PC are the digitizer as the primary Human Interface Device and its extremely portable size.The SmartPhone platform is a feature

21、rich OS and interface for cellular phone handsets. SmartPhone offers productivity features to business users, such as email, as well as multimedia capabilities for consumers. The SmartPhone interface relies heavily on joystick navigation and PhonePadinput. Devices running SmartPhone do not include a

22、 touchscreen interface. SmartPhone devices generally resemble other cellular handset form factors, whereas most Phone Edition devices use a PDA form factor with a larger display. Comp etitors to con sumer CE based PDA p latforms like Po cket P Cthe mai n app licati on of Windows CE -are Java, Symbia

23、n OS, Palm OS, iPhone OS and Linux based packages like Qtopia Embedded Linux environment from Trolltech, Convergent Linux Platform from a La Mobile, and Access Linux Platform from Orange and Access. The secondary usage of CE is in devices in need of graphical user interfaces, (point of sale terminal

24、s, media centers, web tablets, thin clients) as the main selling point CE is the look and feel being similar to desktop Windows. The competition is Windows XP, Linux and graphical packages for simpler embedded operating systems. Being an RTOS, Windows CE is also theoretically a competitor to any rea

25、ltime operating system in the embedded space, like VxWorks, ITRON or eCos. The dominating method, however, of mixing Windows look and feel with realtime on the same hardware, is to run double operating systems using some virtualization technology, like TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processor

26、s or Intime from TenAsys in the case of Windows, and OS Ware fromVirtualLogix, Padded Cell from Green Hills Software, OKL4 from Open Kernel Labs, TRANGO Hypervisor from TRANGO Virtual Processors, RTS Hypervisor from Real-Time Systems or PikeOS from Sysgo, in case of the competition.Asymmetric Digita

27、l Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. It does this by utilizing frequencies that are not used by a voice telephone call. A splitter - or microfilte

28、r - allows a single telephone connection to be used for both ADSL service and voice calls at the same time. Because phone lines vary in quality and were not originally engineered with DSL in mind, it can generally only be used over short distances, typically less than 3mi (5.5 km) William Stallings

29、book. The distinguishing characteristic of ADSL over other forms of DSL is that the volume of data flow is greater in one direction than the other, i.e. it is asymmetric. Providers usually market ADSL as a service for consumers to connect to the Internet in a relatively passive mode: able to use the

30、 higher speed direction for the download from the Internet but not needing to run servers that would require high speed in the other direction.4. How ADSL works vand installation issues ：Currently, most ADSL communication is full duplex. Full duplex ADSL communication is usually achieved on a wire p

31、air by either frequency division duplex (FDD), echo canceling duplex (ECD), or time division duplexing (TDD). FDM uses two separate frequency bands, referred to as the upstream and downstream bands. The upstream band is used for communication from the end user to the telephone central office. The do

32、wnstream band is used for communicating from the central office to the end user. With standard ADSL (annex A), the band from 25.875 kHz to 138 kHz is used for up stream com muni cati on, while 138 kHz - 1104 kHz is used for dow nstream communication. Each of these is further divided into smaller fre

33、quency channels of 4.3125 kHz. During initial training, the ADSL modem tests which of the available channels have an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. The distance from the telephone exchange, noise on the copper wire, or interference from AM radio stations may introduce errors on some frequencies.

34、By keeping the channels small, a high error rate on one frequency thus need not render the line unusable: the channel will not be used, merely resulting in reduced throughput on an otherwise functional ADSL connection.Due to the way it uses the frequency spectrum, ADSL deployment presents some issue

35、s. It is necessary to install appropriate frequency filters at the customers premises, to avoid interferences with the voice service, while at the same time taking care to keep a clean signal level for the ADSL connection.installation required a technician to visit the premises. A splitter was insta

36、lled near the demarcation point, from which a dedicated data line was installed. This way, the DSL signal is separated earlier and is not attenuated inside the customer premises. However, this procedure is costly, and also caused problems with customers complaining about having to wait for the techn

37、ician to perform the installation. As a result, many DSL vendors started offering a self-install option, in which they ship equipment and instructions to the customer. When the first side from the bureau to install a telephone line access to the input signal separator, and then use a phone line in f

38、ront of Flanagan ready signal splitter to connect the voice signal output port, the other end to connect to your telephone. At this point you should have been able to answer the telephone and dial telephone.（外文翻译译文）基于 Win CE的ADSL线路参数的研究Windows CE （也称作为 Windows Embedded CE,至今发布的最新版本：6.0 2 3，有时简称 WinC

39、E）是从微软的 Windows操作系统和嵌入式系统变化而来。 Windows CE 的内核与众不同,不是精简式的桌面 Windows 的版本。不可与基于 NT 的嵌入式 Windows XP 混淆。它支持英特尔 x86, MIPS, ARM 公司和日立的 SuperH 处理器。1. 特征：Windows CE 对嵌入式设备进行优化,具有较小的存储空间,一个 Windows CE 内核可以运行在兆字节的内存空间下,相关设备往往没有磁盘存储配置,并可以被 配置为不允许使用最终用户扩展名的 寸闭I系统，（而且，它可以“烧写”到ROM ）。 Windows CE 符合实时操作系统的定义, 可确定中断延

40、迟时间。 它支持 256个优先级, 并使用优先级倒置与优先级继承。执行的基本单位是线程。这有助于简化界面，提 高执行时间。微软表示, CE是不是故意的缩写，用户经常简单地称之为 -WINCE II。微软称， 它意味着一种 Windows CE的设计原理，包括吉构紧凑，可连接，兼容，高 效。WINCE的第一个版本，在开发过程中已知的代号为 一PegasusII降低 WINCE 的存储空间和记忆能力，和现如今掌上电脑的速度，其如Windows的图形用户界面功 能很受微软用户的欢迎，自那时以来，Windows CE已发展成为一个基于组件的、嵌入式的实时操作系统，它不再是只针对手持电脑。支持多平台是

41、Windows CE 操 作系统的核心，包括微软的车载电脑，Pocket PC2000， Pocket PC 2002， WindowsMobile 2003， Windows Mobile 2003， Windows Mobile 5.0， Windows Mobile 6， Smartphone 2003和许多工业设备和嵌入式系统。Windows CE 甚至为世嘉 Dreamcast提供游戏选择，并可以在一定程度上进行修订微软 Xbox 游戏机。独具特色的 WindowsCE 相对其他微软操作系统， 它的大部份功能部件都以源代 码形式提供。首先，源代码提供给几家厂商，所以他们可以调整其系统

42、以适合自己 的硬件。 然后，一些产品如 Platform Builder 为 Windows CE 操作系统创建系统映像， 集成或定制操作系统（一个基于 WINCE 的集成设计环境），所提供的源代码部分公 开于大众。然而，一些不需要适应一些特定的硬件环境的核心组件（除 CPU 系列） 仍然只以二进制形式公开。2. 开发工具 :Visual Studio：较新版本的 Microsoft Visual Studio 的 Windows CE 工程， 支持项目： WindowsMobile ，无论是作为一个仿真器或通过电缆连接到一个实际的移动设备的图 像，产生可执行程序。一个移动设备是没有必要制定W

43、ince程序的。.NET Comp act Framework支持的.NET框架支持C #和VB.NET，但并不管理 C + +。 平台定制器（Platform Builder）:该编程工具的用途为：定制平台（BSP+内核）,设备 驱动程序（共享源代码或定制） ，和开发应用程序。一次环境配置就可让系统启动和 运行。也可以使用 Platform Builder 为目标处理器导出一个 SDK （标准开发包） （相 关处理器如： SuperH， x86， MIPS， ARM 等），并与另一相关的工具设置命名。 Embedded Visual C+ （eVC）,为基于 Wince的嵌入式应用程序的开发

44、工具，此开发工 具，能够利用标准的SDK，或是从PB中定制出的SDK，从而开发应用程序。3. 与Windows Mobile，Pocket PC和智能手机的关系：通常情况下，Windows CE，Windows Mobile和Pocket PC是交杂使用。这种做 法不完全准确。 Windows CE 是一个模块化 /组件化的操作系统。这些模块提供了一 些其他组件的功能集（例如，不同的窗口支持DCOM和COM）的，有些则是互相排斥（图或 TrueType 字体支持），有些则添加额外的功能。人们可以购买一个工具 包（Platform Builder），它包含了所有这些组件来开发定制平台。Excel

45、移动应用，Pocket Excel不属于此工具包。尽管如此，旧版本手持的Po cket Word和其他一些旧的应用程序作为样本包括这些功能。Windows Mobile 被最好的形容为一个基于 WindowsCE 下的一个子集。目前， Pocket PC （现在称为经典 Windows Mobile） ，智能手机（ Windows Mobile 的标准）， 电话和Pocket PC电话版（专业 Windows Mobile）是三个 Windows Mobile的主要平 台。每个平台采用含有不同组件的 Windows CE 系统，以及各自含有适合的应用设 备补充其功能。Pocket PC和Windows Mobile是微软自定义的一般 PDA使用的平台，和微软组 成按一套明确的最低配置（专业版，高级版）的软件和硬件支持。制造 Pocket PC 设备的规则严格高于生产定制且基于 Windows CE平台的。在Pocket PC中的定义性 特征是作为主要的人机接口设备，其极具便携式特征。智能手机平台是一个功能丰富的操作系统且具有移动电话手机的界面。智能手 机提供各种商业功能，商业用户，如电子邮件，以及 CE 的多媒体功能。智能手机 界面极为依赖操纵杆导航和PhonePa