【药学专业英语】

1、1,Part 1 Special Terms for Pharmacology,2,Pharmacology 药理学,Pharmaco- 药学, 药物 Pharmaco-pathology pharmaco-genomics pharmacodynamics f:m,kudainmiks . PD 复 n.用作单药效学 pharmacokinetics ,f:mku,kainetiks PK 药物(代谢)动力学 absorption distribution metabolism metblizm excretion ekskri:n ,3,transmembrane transport 跨膜

2、转运,Cell membrane membrein 细胞膜 cytomembrane cytolemma （cyto- =cecullar） Lj:Ion channels are pore-forming proteins found in the membranes of cells. 离子通道是在细胞膜中发现的生孔蛋白。 Active transport Passive transport,4,toxicity tksisiti 毒性,Tox toxin toxic Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity 1. 急性和迟发性毒性作用仍然显著。 Acute and

3、late toxicities remained significant. 2. 毒性试验已经证明了非常低的毒性。 Toxicity tests have demonstrated a very low toxicity.,5,Adren(o)- 肾上腺,adrenaline drenlin . 肾上腺素 adrenalin,noradrenaline ,n:rdrenlin . n. 药去甲肾上腺素,Adrenoceptor 肾上腺素能受体 agonist antagonist ntgnist blocker adrenocortical ,dri:nuk:tikl 肾上腺皮质的 of or

4、 derived from the cortex of the adrenal glands,a catecholamine ,ktiklmi:n (儿茶酚胺)secreted by the adrenal medulla(肾上腺髓质) in response to stress (trade name Adrenalin),a catecholamine precursor of epinephrine ,epinefrin that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and also released at synapses(突触),6,Adverse

5、reaction (unwanted /undesired),Side effect After effect Allergy ldi 过敏反应 Toxicity Addiction（morphine） Lj:An allergy is an adverse reaction of the body to certain substances. 过敏是身体对某些物质的不良反应。,7,alkylating agent 烷化剂,chemotherapy ,kemuerpi 化学疗法 1959 Cyclophosphamide ,saiklufsfmaid (环磷酰胺), an alkylating

6、 agent designed to improve the selectiity of cancer drugs, approved by FDA. 1959年,FDA批准烷化剂环磷酰胺为抗癌药,使抗癌药物有了更多的选择.,8,aminoglycoside 氨基糖苷类,amino minu a. 氨基的 glycoside glaik,said glucoside glu:k,said 糖苷 【Precautions】The product has a synergistic （ sindistik 协同的）effect with aminoglycoside. Hypersensitivi

7、ties such as diarrhea, skin rash will occasionally appear, however these signs will disappeared once the drug are stopped. 1、本品与氨基糖甙类药物协同；2、有时可引起腹泻、皮疹等过敏症状，停药即消失。,9,Analgesics 镇痛药 止痛药,analgesic ,nldi:zik . a. 止痛的n. 镇痛剂 a medicine used to relieve pain 同义词painkiller | pain pill 1. Ive taken a lot of a

8、nalgesics. But they are not so effective. 我吃了不少镇痛药。但是效果不怎么好。 2. Aspirin is a mild analgesic. 阿司匹林是药性平和的止痛药. 3. Actions urate jreit . n. 化尿酸盐 a salt of uric acid Gout is a form of arthritis（ :raitis 关节炎） 痛风是关节炎的一种。 The old man is suffering from Gout.那位老人正受着痛风病的折磨.,23,antihistamines,Anti- hist-(tissue

9、) amine(胺类) A：Most antihistamines list drowsiness as a common side effect, though newer medicines have been developed with non-drowsy formulas. Be sure to read the label instructions carefully. 大多数抗组织胺剂会把昏沉列入副作用，但有一些新药已经发展出不会昏沈的药方。一定要仔细读标签上的说明。,24,Hyper- and hypo-,Hyper-hyper- haip(r) 表示“超级, 超过, 超越,

10、在.之上,高于,过度”之义 Hypertension hyperlipemia ,haip(:)lipi:mi 适用人群：高血糖伴高血脂、高血粘人群。Applicable people: high blood glucose with high blood fattiness, high blood dope hypo- haip . . 表示“在.之下,亚,次,次于,不足,从属于”之义 hypothermia 体温过低 hypotension 低血压,25,Antiinflammatory agent,inflammatory inflmtri a. 炎性的, 发炎的 =to get inf

11、ected There is a minimal inflammatory reaction.此处炎症反应轻。 SLE is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease.SLE是一种慢性、全身性的发炎疾病。,26,Blood,components serum sirm plasma plzm red blood corpuscule k:pskju:l white blood corpuscule platelet pleitlit n. 血小板,27,Antilymphocyte globulin,lympho- limf (=lymph-) 表示“淋巴

12、的,淋巴管的”之义 -cyte or cyt(o)- =cell globulin glbjulin . 球蛋白 albumin lbju:min 白蛋白,28,Antineoplastic agent (=anti-cancer drug=antitumorigenic agent ) 抗癌剂,neoplasm ni(:)uplzm . . n. 瘤,赘生物 形容词neoplastic =tumor The most common neoplasm in bone is a metastasis.大多数骨肿瘤都是转移瘤。,29,Antitussive drug,tussive tsiv a.

13、 咳嗽的 tussis咳嗽 Nonproductive coughs need an antitussive to stop the coughing.无痰干咳需用镇咳药止咳，以避免并发症。,30,Bacterio- 表示“细菌 ”,bacterin 疫苗 bacterination bacteriocidal 杀菌的 -cide-, -cid-, -cidal-, -cise- (杀；切) bacteriostatic 抑菌的 static 静止的 Bacteriostatic Used to describe a compound that prevents reproduction of

14、 bacteria, but does not kill them.抑菌的：一种可以阻止细菌复制但又不会令细菌致死的化合物。,31,Bio- 表示生命、生物”之义,Bioavailability Biochemical antagosim Biogenic amine biotransformtion,32,calcium,calc- klk . 前缀表示“钙”之义 calcium klsim . n. 钙 专有符号缩写Ca Calcium antagonist Calcium channel blocking agent hypercalcemia ,haip,klsi:mi hypocal

15、cemia ,haipuklsi:mi ,33,cardiac,cardiac k:dik . n. 强心剂a. 心脏(病)的 Cardiac muscle cardiac arrest Cardiac glycoside glaik,said Cardiac insufficiency (disfunction) Cardiac output cardiac asthma cardio- k:di .表示“心脏”之义,34,catechol,catechin ktitin, -kin 儿茶酚,儿茶酸,儿茶素 catechol ktitul 儿茶酚, 苯磷二酚 catecholamine ,k

16、tiklmi:n .n. 儿茶酚胺 Anxiety, depression, and tried will influence your bodys stress hormones (e.g. catecholamine and glucocorticoids) and suppress your immune status. 焦虑、紧张都会影响身体的压力荷尔蒙（例如，儿茶酚安和糖皮质激素）从而压抑身体免疫功能。,35,cephalosporins,cephalosporin ,seflusp:rin n. 药头孢菌素 one of several broad spectrum antibio

17、tic substances obtained from fungi and related to penicillin (trade names Mefoxin) 同义词： mefoxin mefksin Most of the strain were resistant to penicilin and ampicillin while was sensitive to cephalosporin antibiotic. 多数菌株对青霉素及氨苄青霉素耐药，而头孢菌素对各种细菌的敏感性较好。,36,Chronopharmacology,chrono- krn,krn 前缀(=chron-),

18、 表示“时间”之义 Chronotoxicity Chronopathology,37,Congestive heart failure(CHF) 充血性心力衰竭,congestive kndestiv a. 充血的 The myocarditis may be severe enough to cause congestive heart failure. (myo- mai 表示“肌肉”之义;Card- 心;-itis 炎，发炎) 严重的心肌炎可能导致充血性心力衰竭。 congestive cardiomyopathy ,k:dimaipi ,38,contraceptive ,kntrs

19、eptiv . a. 避孕的n. 避孕药,避孕用具,This problem of moving leads from the lab to human studies affects all types of contraceptive research. 从实验室到人类研究的跨越是影响所有避孕药研究的一大难题。 The first known contraceptive was crocodile dung, used by Egyptians in 2000 B.C. 最早的避孕药是鳄鱼的粪便，公元前2000年埃及人使用过。,39,Coronary vasodilator,coronar

20、y krnri .a. 冠状的 Coronary artery vaso- vs,vz . 表示“血管, 输精管”之义 异体字vas- dilator daileit . 扩张器 vasodilator ,vsudaileit, ,veiz- We try to give vasodilator first， at the beginning， such as nitroprusside ( ,naitrprusaid 硝普盐)or calcium channel blockers like verapamil. 我们首先给予血管扩张药物，例如硝普钠或钙离子拮抗剂如维拉帕米,40,Cortic

21、(o)-, k:tik . 前缀 表示“皮”之义 cortical k:tikl a. 皮层的, 皮质的 cortex 皮层 corticotrophin ,k:tikutrufin . 促肾上腺皮质激素 corticosteroid ,ktikustirid n. & adj皮质甾类(的),皮质类固醇(的) a (steroid stirid 类固醇/甾体类 )hormone produced by the adrenal cortex or synthesized,41,cyclophosphamide ,saiklufsfmaid ,n. 药环磷酰胺,癌得星 Cyclo- 环、圆 pho

22、sph- fsf . . (=phospho-) 表示“磷的, 含磷的”之义 amide maid n. 酰胺,42,Cyclosporine A,Spore 孢子 cyclosporine ,saiklusp :ri:n 环孢霉素 Organ transplants did not become routine until the 1980s with the approval of a new drug, cyclosporine, which prevented rejection without destroying the bodys resistance to infection.

23、 器官移植直到二十世纪八十年代随着一种新药环胞霉素的发明才普遍使用，这种药物不会破坏身体的免疫系统又能防止排异。,43,cytochrome,chrom- krm 表示“颜色, 有色的”之义 oxidase ksideis n. 生化氧化酶 Cytochrome P450 oxidase cytokin,44,Di- de- 分离 剥夺 uro- 尿 urinate jurineit . v. 小便 diuretic ,daijuretik .n.&a. 利尿剂 diuretin 利尿素 Caffeine has a mild diuretic effect, increasing your

24、urine production. 它有轻微的利尿作用，会增加你的尿液分秘。 Its a diuretic, so it makes you pee more often and become dehydrated more easily. 咖啡因还是一种利尿剂，让你排尿更频繁，更容易脱水。,45,afferent frnt .a. 输入的 efferent efrnt . a. 传出的 A(e)fferent nerve (neuron) system,46,Electrocardiogram (ECG),electro-前缀表示“电,电子的,用电”之义 Cardio- Gram For h

25、ealthy patients over age 40, I like to get a electrocardiogram (ECG) every 2-5 years, and more often if they are older or have existing or new risk factors for coronary artery disease. 对于超过四十岁的健康者，我建议他们每二到五年做一次心电图检查，到年龄更大，或罹患冠状动脉疾病，或出现危险因素时增大检查频率,47,enzyme,enzyme enzaim n. 酶 Enzyme induction(inhibit

26、ion) -ase酶 Cytochrome P450 enzyme system shown to actiate many carcinogens. (carcinoma ,k:sinum n. 癌) 细胞色素P450酶系统可以激活多种癌基因.,48,fibr- faibr 表示“纤维”之义 fibrin faibrin n. 纤维素 fibrin(o)- . 纤维蛋白 -lysin 溶素（酶）（俗名词尾） fibrinolysin -gen 产生，原 =to produce fibrinogen faibrindn n. 纤维蛋白原 fibrinokinase ,faibrinkainei

27、s ,49,ganglionic gglinik a. 解神经节的 ganglionic blocking drug.神经节阻断药,50,Glucocorticoid,Gluc(o)- .glyco- (葡)糖 glucose glu:kus n. 葡萄糖 glucoprotein glu:kupruti:nn. 生化醣蛋白 corticoid k:tikid n. (=corticosteroid)皮质类脂醇 Glucocorticoid hypoglycemia ,haipuglaisi:mi -emia 血（症）,51,Hepa-/ hepat- /hepato- 肝,hepatic h

28、iptik a. 肝的n. 保肝药 hepat- hept(=hepato-)表示“肝”之义 Heparin hepatocyte Hepatic microsomal enzyme. intestine intestin . 肠 enteral.1. 肠的，肠内的 entero- 肠 . Hepatoenteral circulation,52,idiosyncrasy,idio- idi 表示“独特的,个人的”之义 idiosyncrasy ,idisikrsi . n. 特质,53,anesthesia,anesthesia ,nisi:zi .n. 麻醉 loss of bodily

29、sensation with or without loss of consciousness Local or general anesthesia What type of anesthesia will be used? Induction,inhalant or infiltration?,54,Extra- (外)and intra-（内）,extracellular and intracellular Intra-arterial :tiril intraperitoneal ,intr,peritni:l i.p. intravenous ,intrvi:ns . i.v. In

30、travenous anesthetics,55,Lipid/aqueous eikwis partition coefficient They identified the lipid/water partition coefficient as a suitable measure of the CMC. 他们将脂水分配系数作为测定CMC的一个标准。,56,micro-(微)and macro- mkru 大,Macrophage phage feid n. 噬菌体 phago-.食，吞噬 macrophagocyte,57,Ren- /nephr(o)- 肾,renal ri:nl .

31、a. 肾脏的 renal cell carcinoma renal tubule. renal cortex renal insufficiency nephrosis nefrusis . nephrology nefrldi nephrotoxicity,58,Prostaglandin PG,Pro- 在之前 prostaglandin ,prstglndin n. 前列腺素 Prostaglandin is the dilation of blood vessels and inhibit platelet function. 前列腺素具有扩张血管和抑制血小板作用。,59,Treatm

32、ent,Therapy/remedy etiological treatment 病因疗法 symptomatic ,simptmtik treatment symptomatic psychosis 症状性精神病,60,61,Alcohol Retrosynthetic Analysis,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,实例分析13：羧酸的逆合成分析,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,D-A反应是形成六元环 的重要方法,69,实例分析14： 羧酸衍生物的逆合成分析,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,70,实例分析15：烷烃的拟

33、合成分析,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,对于烷烃的合成，尝试增加双键是个不错的选择， 需要把握分支点,71,实例分析： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 b-羟基羰基化合物 a，b-不饱和羰基化合物 b-二羰基化合物,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,72,实例分析18： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 b-羟基羰基化合物,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,1，2-氧化了的碳架切断得到不合逻辑的片段,73,实例分析19： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 a，b-不饱和羰基化合物,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analys

34、is）,无a-氢的醛,具有a-氢的羰基酸,以上主要利用Aldol反应和Aldol缩合,74,实例分析： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、酮酯缩合、 b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,该路线更优,75,实例分析： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、酮酯缩合、 b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,芳基卤代物进行亲核取代反应需要特殊的条件,76,实例分析： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架 b-二羰基化合物利用酯缩合、酮酯缩合、 b-二羰基化合物的烷基化反应等,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,77,实例分析： 1，3-位氧化了的碳架,逆合成分析（Retrosynthetic Analysis）,a-氢活性更高,合成中需要控制，使用Reforma