高考英语解题技法总论.ppt

1、高考英语解题技法总论做题之前，先学通法，用方法引领备考，在实践中应用通法，依“法”循章，笑傲高考！,蒋定超 2015年9月,题型一、完形填空,高考完形填空题是一种集词汇强化、语法渗透、句式表达、文化背景知识于一身的综合语言测试题，它旨在通过完整的语言环境，特别是通过对上下文的理解来检验学生综合语言知识的能力，同时考查学生的逻辑推理能力和对比上下文的驾驭能力，因此考生在做完形填空时，除了掌握必要的词汇、语法、习语搭配、文化常识等基础知识外，具有好的解题方法和良好的解题步骤和习惯，也是提高完形填空解题能力的重要因素。,一、解完形填空题的先后顺序先速读、再巧做,先速读,再巧做,研读首句,判断文体,预

2、测主题,了解线索,通读全文,把握大意,逐句细读,先易后难,确定选项,边读边填，扫除句内层次题（凭语感，能填的尽量填一填）,句句相连，扫除句组层次题（凭语感不能填，本句前后去找信息源）,贯通全篇，扫除语篇层次题（本句前后无法找到信息源，通览全文攻难点）,一般来讲高考完形填空的首、尾句是不挖空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, who, where, what,即四个w,那么就是记叙文，若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般是说明文，若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。,做完形填空题时要注意文章开头提示句的点题作用和短文中完整句的启示作用。首先要快速浏览全文，弄清各

3、段落之间、各层次之间的内在联系，把握文章的主旨大意。,大致把握了全文的大意和作者的意图之后，就可以根据上下文，选取与文意最贴切的选项。此时应遵循先易后难的原则，对有把握的选项“一锤定音”。对无把握的选项先放一放，往后看会出现“柳暗花明”的情况,二、完形填空题的3大着眼点句内层次题、句组层次题、语篇层次题,完形填空注重在语境中考查词义。几乎所有备选项都要通过联系上下文确定。因此答有的由空格所在的句子决定，有的由相邻不远的一组句子决定，还有的由整篇内容综合决定。所以分为三个层次。,着眼点1：句内层次,通常有上下文语意理解、词义辨析、生活常识和文化背景、习惯搭配及固定结构、语法结构及逻辑关系五种。

4、考例1：I was a new _ ,and I gave an honest account of the students work. Cleaner B. reporter C. monitor D. teacher,分析：从空后意思“the students work”,由常识可知是一名老师。应选,D,考例2：arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring, but I_ to catch a taxi to my accommodation and settle in. Intended B. promised C. managed

5、D. deserved,分析：从空后的句子意思可知“虽然不易，但是还是成功到达住处安顿下来。Manage to do” 故选,C,着眼点2、句组层次题,是指通过阅读空格所在的那一句话不能找出正确答案，需要结合题目所在句子以外的句子（句组）才可找出答案的题目。通常有上下文语感理解、词义辨析和逻辑关系三种。考例1、To get an _, he was struggling against many difficulties. His family was poor. His Dad couldnt afford the board at college, so Dale had to ride

6、horseback 12miles to attend classes. assignment B. education C. advantage D. instruction,分析：由下文college, to attend classes 得知选,考例2：we all lead busy lives and learning a language takes _ . You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a routine. It doesnt matter if you havent go

7、t long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes a lot less. Courage B. time C. energy D. place,分析：下文提到regularly, long, take years等词都是与时间相关的，故选。“学习语言需要时间”,B,着眼点3：语篇层次题。是指无法在句内或句组确定答案，需要结合整个语篇才能找到答案的题目。主要考查语篇分析能力，通常有上下语义理解和逻辑关系两种,考例1、Dale Carnegie rose from the unkn

8、own of a Missouri farm to international fame because he found a way to fill a universal human need. It was a need that he first _ back in 1906 When young Dale was a junior at State Teachers College in Warrensburg- believing that practice in speaking could give,D,Give him the confidence and recogniti

9、on that He needed. - Dale came to understand that the ability to express an idea to an audience builds a persons confidence. And , with it, Dale knew he could do anything he wanted to do and so could others. Admitted B. filled C. supplied D. recognized,文章第一段提到Dale成名的原因是找到了一种实现人生需求的方法，即通过演讲建立自信心，而寻求这

10、一方法是艰难的但他从1906年最初意识到了“recognized”自己的需求到母亲建议他通过练习演讲来实现自己对自信和别人认可的需求。然后讲到他通过努力实现了自己的需求，并“豁然开朗”come to understand 明确了这一方法对自己和他人的巨大影响。故选,考例2、when I was 8 years old, I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase packed and some sandwiches in a bag, I started for the front door and said to Mom, “

11、Im leaving.” “If you want to _ , thats all right,” she said. “But you came into this home without anything and you can leave the same way.” - The door inched open and Moms smiling face appeared. “Did you change your decision about running away?” she asked. A. Drop out B. go by C. move around D. run

12、away,根据第一段中的“I once decided to run away from home. ”可知作者是要离家出走。 running away为线索。故选,D,解完形填空题的六大方法首句关键信息法、上下文暗示法、复现词汇法、逻辑推理法、习语搭配法、背景常识法,方法1、首句关键信息法: 一篇文章的首句，往往会是文章的主题句，是文章的中心、灵魂，常常包含对解题有用的信息。通过对首句句意、语境的理解可以快速判断文章的体裁、题材，推测全文的主旨和大意，推断帮事中涉及的人物、时间、地点、气氛等多方面的特征。,考例1、In 2012, I had just recovered from a se

13、rious illness when I received an invitation to a writers conference in Orlando, Florida. My family persuaded me that a(n) _1_ might be just what the doctor ordered, so off I _2_ .1、. holiday . Ceremony .operation .experiment2、 A. kept B. went C. dropped D. knocked,点拔领悟：首句信息：在2012年我刚刚从一次严重的疾病中恢复过来，我收

14、到了一个邀请，去奥兰多参加作家会议。由首句信息可知作者大病初愈，医生的建议应该是度假恢复体力，故作者前往奥兰多。故1选、2选,考例2、“Mum, can I invite my classmate Bett over to stay tomorrow night, please? Its Friday, and we dont have any _ . Can I , please?”A. chance B. message C. homework D. difficulty,C,点拔领悟：首句信息classmate意味着作者是学生；Friday意味是周末时间；可推断没有家庭作业是正常的事情。

15、故选,考例3：To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant, we _ hamburgers and Cola Cola at the counter. A. ordered B. made C. arranged D. demanded,点拔领悟：文章首句点明故事发生的原因、涉及的人特及地点（a fast food restaurant）,即为了庆祝考试结束，我和朋友一起去快餐店。所以应为“点了”汉堡和可口可乐. order “订购、点菜”，故选,A,考例4、Diane R

16、ay was completely self-centred and very spoilt. Her parents gave her _1_ she wanted, knowing that she would throw a temper tantrum(耍小孩脾气)if they did not. She would scream and kick and _2_ on the floor drumming her heels. Her parents always _3_ . 1、.either . neither . nothing . everything2. A. jump B

17、. lie C. spin D. sleep3. A .set out B. set in C. gave in D. gave out,D,B,C,点拔领悟：由文章首句可知Diane Ray 的两个特点：完全以自我为中心、被宠坏的。故她的父母给她想要的东西（everything）;如果得不到这些想要的东西，她就发脾气，躺在（lie）地板上以哭又闹；最终结果是她的父母不得不屈服（give in）.故1选.2选.3选,方法2、利用上下文暗示解题,通过上下的前后提示或暗示，对整体文意进行把握的能力。做题时要有全局观念，进行连性思维，要把每个空格处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理

18、判断。开头的题目需要从下文查找信息；中间或最后的试题需要从上下文查找信息。常见的四种信息暗示：1、语境暗示法；2、关键句暗示法；3、关键词暗示法；4、关键短语暗示法。,考例1、He tried for the football team, but the coach turned him down for being too _ .A. light B. flexible C. optimistic D. outgoing,点拔. 领悟：语境暗示法。教练之所以拒绝他是因为一些负面因素，项light意为“体重轻”。符合语境。故选,考例2、Its _ for a grouse to have an

19、y contact(接触)with people. In fact, they are hard to spot, because they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching.A. interesting B. reasonable C. impossible D. unusual,点拔. 领悟：关键句暗示法。根据下文中的“they usually fly off when they hear humans approaching”可知，松鸡与人接触是不同寻常的。Unusual “罕见的，异乎寻常的”。故选,考例3、om cle

20、arly explained her _ for this lesson. I was going to be independent and needed to learn this vital skill. Also, I would be meeting new people, and properly ironed clothes would help me make a good impression.A. reasons B. rules C. emotions D. methods,点拔. 领悟：语境暗示法。由下文提到的“我将独立生活”以及“会烫衣服能帮我给人们留下好印象”可知，

21、这些是母亲向作者解释学习熨烫衣服的原因。故选,A,考例4：Then I closed my eyes and prepared myself for his burst of _ . Instead, he said “Its OK” to comfort me before he disappeared into the washroom.A. bitterness B. anxiety C. anger D. sorrow,点拔. 领悟：语境暗示法。作者本以为对方很生气，闭上眼睛，为对方的大发雷霆“anger”做好了准备，对方却说了句“没关系”来安慰作者。故选,方法3、利用复现词汇解题通过

22、原词、同根词、同义词、反义词复现已经出现过的词汇或创设一种必须用特定词汇的语境来考果词汇的使用能力。做题时要注意上下文出现的词汇与选项中的词汇是否一样；从上下文分析是否有创设该词使用的语境；一般规律为上文出现的词从下文找，反之亦然。,考例1：he withdrew from many school activities because he didnt have the time or the _ . He had only one good suit. A. permits B. interest C. talent D. clothes,点拔.领悟：同义词复现。选项中的clothes 与下

23、句的suit同义。故选,考例2、The parrot said, “your _ is really ugly.” The man got very angry and went to the store owner and said, “your bird just offended my wife. It said she was ugly.” A. wife B. sister C. mother D. daughter,A,点拔.领悟：原词复现。下文中“your bird - my wife. It said she was ugly.” 故选,考例3、I love how peopl

24、e can seem so different, but end up being so _ . A. generous B. independent C. similar D. distant,点拔.领悟：反义词复现。该句中的连词“but”表明此处应该是different的反义词，所以用similar.故选,C,方法4、运用逻辑推理解题重在对文章意思、人物的话语逻辑性的精准判断，以及对特殊语境下的情绪演变、行为态度和方式的转变理解判断。命题形式有：语境词语、动交互、因果关系、行为转折等。这类题重在关注连词的功能，词语的多意性，从具体语境入手，顺着短文的思路，依据给出的上下文信息进行合乎逻辑的

25、思考。,考例1、During this period Dale was slowly developing an inferiority complex(自卑感)，which his mother knew could _ him from achieving his real potential. A. prevent B. protect C. save D. free,A,点拔.领悟：语境推断。前文提到“在那段时期，ale 逐渐形成了一种自卑感”；根据此语境可以推断这种自卑感应该阻止（prevent）他发展自身的潜力。故选A,考例2、Faced with difficult decisi

26、ons, she used to tell me, you wouldnt know whether you made the right choice, but you could always make the best out of the situation, with passion and a _ attitude. A. different B. friendly C. positive D. general,C,点拔.领悟：根据连词推理。由连词 “and”可知，空处要填的词应与“passion”是近义词，再结合上文的“difficult decisions”可知，此处指应用满腔

27、的热情、积极的态度去应对困难。故选,考例3、To perfect her skills, Lola _ for four hours a day, five days a week. At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls. A. runs B. teaches C. trains D. dances,C,点拔.领悟：根据目的状语推理判断。为了使自己的技能完美（To perfect her skills）,她每周“训练（train）”五天，每天“训练”四小时。故选C,考例4、While

28、traveling was inspiring and meeting people was _ ,nothing about my term in France was what I expected. A. boring B. upsetting C. exciting D. promising,C,点拔.领悟：根据并列成分推理。该句所在的让步状语从句中的两件事都是作者乐意做的，即“traveling”和 “meeting people”.旅行是鼓舞人心的，那么见不同的人也应该和“inspiring”表达的意思一样，应用一个褒义词来形容。exciting “令人兴奋的”，与语境相符。故选,

29、考例5、she was very disappointed when she found that all the windows were _ and rather dirty. A. transparent B. bright C. plain D. wide,C,点拔.领悟：根据关键词推理判断。上文提到了“很失望（disappointed）”,下文提到窗子“很脏（dirty）”,所以窗子一定不是很好，四个选项只有plain与之匹配。故选C,方法5、寻找习语搭配解题这是考查的重点之一，主要包括：1、动词短语；2、名词短语；3、形容词短语；4、介词短语；5、常用的固定句式等。,考例1、For

30、 example, on Christmas morning, children are excited about _ with their new toys. A. working B. living C. Playing D. going,C,点拔.领悟：动词短语搭配。在圣诞节早上孩子们一开始很喜欢玩自己的玩具。Play with “玩耍”，是固定搭配。故选C,考例2、Lola is _ of all her hard work and success. She says its helped her overcome problems in her life outside gymna

31、stics too. A. proud B. tired C. ashamed D. confident,A,点拔.领悟：形容词短语。句意：劳拉为自己的努力和成功感到骄傲，她说她的这些成绩也帮助她克服了在生活中除了体操以外的困难。Be proud of “为感到骄傲”。故选,考例3、The most valuable lesson I gained from studying in France wasnt just to respect the French people _ to respect all people, for your next best friend could be

32、just a continent away. A. and B. But C. Or D. so,B,点拔.领悟：固定句式。句意：在法国学习的过程中我所学到的最为重要的不仅仅是尊重法国人而是尊重所有的人，因为你的下一个朋友可能来自他方。Notbut “不是.而是”.故选,考例4、Panicking, she began to scream. Then, just as it seemed as if she would slip beneath the surface, she heard a calm voice. “Hold on! Im coming.” with _ , she saw

33、 the old man rowing an ancient-looking boat towards her.A. regret B. relief C. interest D. ease,B,点拔.领悟：介词短语。她看到有人来救她“如释重负With relief”。with regret 遗憾地、后悔地。With interest有兴趣地，with ease 熟练地，轻而易举地。故选B,方法6、背景常识解题文章中提供的信息不够，需要有一些常识性知识结合考虑，找出最佳答案。如日常生活、文化背景、科学常识、历史地理知识、民风民俗等。还需注意中西方文化差异。,考例1、 “He died mont

34、hs ago. When he was alive, he did all the repair jobs wonderfully,” I said quietly. Ahmed looked at me _ , but didnt reply. A. strangely B. innocently C. painfully D. sympathetically,D,点拔.领悟：听到作者的丈夫去世了，当然是给予同情。故选 D,考例2、Moreover, an iron produced steam and it carried an element of danger. If you touc

35、hed the wrong part of it, youd get burnt. If you forgot to turn it off when you _, you might burn down the house. A. went away B. fell down C. jumped off D. looked up,A,点拔.领悟：背景常识。熨斗产生水蒸气甚至有一定的危险。根据常识可知，当你离开时如果忘记关闭它，可能会引发火灾烧掉房子。故选,巩固练习:,“Mama, when I grow up, Im going to be one of those!” I said thi

36、s after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my _ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word,C,2. “Whats it like to have a gap between your teeth?” a girl asked me one day. Nobody ha

37、d ever _ before. My hand unconsciously rose to cover my mouth. A. faced B. guessed C. asked D. imagined,C,3. We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are _ , one by one. A. appearing B. moving C. exposing D. expanding 4. By bad luck, my purse s

38、trap(带子)got _ on a chair and the tray(托盘)that I was holding slipped from my hands and went flying in the air. A. fixed B. caught C. cut D. tied,A,B,5. At the age when she gained some basic skill and sensibility(识别能力), she begged her mother for a bike ride outside the garden. Her mother finally allow

39、ed her to go, insisting on her keeping close to the house and not _ too far. A. traveling B. running C. riding D. walking 6. Though learning gymnastics has been more _ for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit. A. boring B. enjoyable C. difficult D. satisfactory,C,C,综合性练习（2014高考真题）,

40、Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains. They reached the top _21_, but on their way back conditions were very _22_. Joe fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon _23_alone, he would probably get back _24_. But Si

41、mon decided to risk his _25_ and try to lower Joe down the mountain on a rope（绳）. As they _26_ down, the weather got worse. Then another _27_ occurred. They couldnt see or hear each other and, _28_, Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice（峭壁）.,It was _29_ for Joe to climb back or for Simon to pull him up. Joes _30_ was pulling Simon slowly towards the precipice. _31_, after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold, Simon had to _32_. In tears, he cut the rope. Joe _33_into a large crevasse（裂缝）in the ice below. He had no food or water and he was in terrible