《TCPIP及子网划分》PPT课件.ppt

1、第三章基于TCP/IP的互连网络,通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容： 了解TCP/IP协议栈 各个分层的主要功能 IP协议的应用,本章目标,TCP/IP(Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)传输控制协议/互联网络协议，是美国国防部高级研究计划局的研究结果。,TCP/IP介绍,主机,Internet,TCP/IP,主机,TCP/IP介绍,TCP/IP协议是当今应用最广泛的网络协议 局域网和广域网中都在使用 UNIX操作系统的标准是采用TCP/IP协议组网 现在的Windows系列操作系统也把TCP/IP协议作为主要的组网协议 在Int

2、ernet中使用的也是TCP/IP协议 TCP/IP协议实际上是一个包含了许多方面标准协议的集合 以最具代表性的TCP协议和最基本的IP协议来命名,TCP/IP 协议族,7,6,5,4,3,2,5,4,3,2,应用层,表达层,会话层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,1,应用层,传输层,网络接口层,1,网络层,应用层概述,* 路由器使用,应用层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,文件传输 - TFTP * - FTP * - NFS E-Mail - SMTP 远程登陆 - Telnet * - rlogin * 网络管理 - SNMP * 名称管理 - DNS*,传输层概述,Transm

3、ission Control Protocol (TCP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP),应用层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,面向连接 非面向连接,TCP 数据格式,源端口(16),目的端口(16),顺序序号(32),数据包头(4),确认序号(32),预留信息 (6),代码位(6),缓冲值 (16),效验位(16),优先级 (16),可选项 (定义TCP数据段的最大尺寸032),上层数据(可变),20Bytes,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,端口号,TCP,端口号,FTP,传输层,TELNET,DNS,SNMP,TFTP,SMTP,U

4、DP,应用层,21,23,25,53,69,161,RIP,520,DNS（UDP;名字解析；TCP;服务器区转换）,TCP 端口号,源端口,目标端口,Host A,1028,23,SP,DP,Host Z,Telnet Z,目标端口 = 23.,发送 SYN (seq=100 ctl=SYN),接收 SYN,发送 SYN, ACK (seq=300 ack=101 ctl=syn,ack),建立会话 (seq=101 ack=301 ctl=ack),Host A,Host B,接收 SYN,TCP 三次握手,滑动窗口 = 1,发送方,接收方,发送 1,接收 1,接收 ACK 2,发送 AC

5、K 2,发送 2,接收 2,接收 ACK 3,发送 ACK 3,发送 3,接收 3,接收 ACK 4,发送 ACK 4,TCP 简单确认,TCP 顺序号和确认号,源端口,目标端口,顺序号 #,确认号 #,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,2,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,10,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,11,Seq.,1,Ack.,1028,23,Source,Dest.,12,Seq.,2,Ack.,我已收到 #11, 现在我需要 #12.,我发送 #11,Window size = 3 Send 2,TC

6、P 窗 口,发送方,Window size = 3 Send 1,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 3 Window size = 2,数据 3 被丢弃,Window size = 3 Send 4,Window size = 3 Send 3,ACK 5 Window size = 2,接收方,没有顺序号和确认号,UDP 数据格式,源端口(16),目的端口(16),长度(16),上层数据 (可变),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,效验位(16),8Bytes,网络层概述,OSI 网络层对应的是TCP/IP的网络层,网络协议(IP) 网络信息控制协

7、议(ICMP) 地址解析协议IP-MAC(ARP) 地址解析协议(RARP),应用层,传输层,网络层,数据链路层,物理层,IP 数据,版本(4),目的IP地址(32),选择功能项 (0 or 32 if any),数据 (可变),1,Bit 0,Bit 15,Bit 16,Bit 31,头长度(4),优先级和 服务类型(8),总长度(16),标识(16),标志(3),段位移(13),有效时间(8),上层传输协议(8),头效验(16),源IP地址(32),20Bytes,决定上层协议,协议域,传输层,网络层,TCP,UDP,协议号,IP,17,6,ARP协议,映射 IP Ethernet Loc

8、al ARP,,IP: Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111,,IP: = ?,RARP协议,映射 Ethernet IP,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP: 5,Ethernet: 0800.0020.1111 IP = ?,我的地址是多少？,我听到了广播你的地址是 5.,断点连接需要确定的地址 路径选择 Location is represented by an address,TCP/IP地址介绍,,172.18

9、.0.1,,,,,SA,DA,HDR,DATA,,,,,问题回顾,TCP协议和UDP协议有和不同？,第四章IP地址划分及子网分配,通过本章的学习，您应该掌握以下内容： 掌握IP地址分类，子网掩码的作用，识别网络标识号、主机标识号，子网的数目 学会在路由器的端口正确设置IP地址和子网掩码,本章目标,IP 地 址,255,255,255,255,十进制,最大值,Network,Host,1286432168421,11111111,1111

10、1111,11111111,11111111,10101100,00010000,01111010,11001100,二进制,32 bits,172,16,122,204,十进制,二进制,1,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,1286432168421,1286432168421,1286432168421,IP 地址分类,1,A类地址:,Bits:,0NNNNNNN,Host,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (1-126),1,B类地址:,Bits:,10NNNNNN,Network,Host,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Rang

11、e (128-191),1,C类地址:,Bits:,110NNNNN,Network,Network,Host,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (192-223),1,D类地址:,Bits:,1110MMMM,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,Multicast Group,8,9,16,17,24,25,32,Range (224-239),主机地址,,0,2,,1,18,E1,172.16,12,12,网络,主机,.,.,网

12、络,端口, ,E0 E1,路由表,,,E0,11111111,计算可用的主机地址,172 16 0 0,10101100,00010000,00000000,00000000,16151413121110 9,87654321,网络,主机,00000000,00000001,11111111,11111111,11111111,11111110,.,.,00000000,00000011,11111101,1,2,3,65534,65535,65536,-,.,2,65534,N,2N-2 = 216-2 = 65534

13、,IP地址分类练习,地址,类别,网络,主机,,00,4,,6,20,IP地址分类练习（答案）,地址,类别,网络,主机,,00,4,,6,20,A,B,C,C,B,Nonexistent,,,,,,,00,0.0.0

14、.64,,6,网络 ,,不设子网的地址,,,,.,53,54,网络 ,设置子网的地址,,,,,子网地址,00,,60,,,00,50,E0,172.16,网络,网络,端口,172.1

15、6.0.0 ,E0 E1,新路由表,2,160,主机,.,.,,E1,子网地址,00,,60,,,00,50,,E0,E1,172.16,2,160,网络,主机,.,.,网络,端口, ,E0 E1,新路由表,子网,子网掩码,255,255,0,0,IP地址,默认子网掩码,扩展8位的 子网掩码,Network,Host,Network,Host,Network

16、,Subnet,Host,“/16” 表示子网掩码有16位.,“/24”表示子网掩码有24位.,11111111,11111111,00000000,00000000,十进制和二进制的转换,10000000=128 11000000=192 11100000=224 11110000=240 11111000=248 11111100=252 11111110=254 11111111=255,128 6432168421,16,网络,主机,172,0,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,00000000,000000

17、00,10100000,00000000,00000000,缺省情况下子网未划分,00000010,缺省情况下的子网掩码,60,,网络号,扩展了8位地址的网络,利用子网掩码划分子网,16,网络,主机,60,,172,2,0,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,00000000,00000000,00000010,子网,网络号,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 2

18、55,利用子网掩码划分子网,网络,主机,60,92,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,子网,扩展了10位地址的网络,16,172,2,128,网络号,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255,广播地址,,,,172.16.4.

19、0,55 (Directed broadcast),55 (Local network broadcast),X,55 (All subnets broadcast),地址汇总示例,16,172,2,160,10101100,00010000,10100000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,4,1,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10

20、100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,7,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111

21、,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,

22、92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,00010000,11111111,11111111,10100000,

23、11000000,10000000,00000010,10111111,10000001,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111111,1

24、0101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,16,172,2,160,地址汇总示例,10101100,11111111,10101100,00010000,11111111,00010000,11111111,00000010,10100000,11000000,10000000,00000010,10101100,00010000,

25、00000010,10111111,10101100,00010000,00000010,10000001,10101100,00010000,00000010,10111110,Host,Mask,Subnet,Broadcast,Last,First,60,92,28,91,29,90,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,172,2,160,IP Host Address:21 Subnet Mask: ,Subn

26、et Address = Host Addresses = 54 Broadcast Address = 55 Eight bits of subnetting,Network,Subnet,Host,10101100,00010000,00000010,11111111,21:,:,10101100,11111111,Subnet:,10101100,00010000,00010000,11111111,00000010,00000010,11111111,0111

27、1001,00000000,00000000,B类地址子网规划,Broadcast:,Network,子网划分,Other subnets,6,2,8,20 子网 5 主机/子网 C类地址： ,11111000,IP Host Address:21 Subnet Mask: 48,Network,Subnet,Host,21:,11000000,11111111,Subnet:,11000000,10101000,10101000,111

28、11111,00000101,00000101,11111111,01111001,01111000,48:,C类地址子网规划,Subnet Address = 20 Host Addresses = 2126 Broadcast Address = 27 Five Bits of Subnetting,Broadcast:,Network,Network,11000000,10101000,00000101,01111111,子网掩码练习,地址,子网掩码,类别,子网,172.16

29、.2.10,0,2,,,,子网掩码练习（答案）,地址,子网掩码,类别,子网,0,0,2,,,,B,A,A,,,,广播地址练习,地址,类别,子网,广播地址,0,48,子网掩码,,,128.16.

30、32.13,52,7,28,广播地址练习（答案）,27,地址,类别,子网,广播地址,0,48,C,3,6,子网掩码,,,A,55,,3,52,B,5,2,7,28,B,,路由器操作模式,Routerenable,Router#config terminal,进入特权模式,进入全局模式