名词复数变化规则

1、名词复数变化1. 一般情况下加s mapmaps2. s, sh, ch, x等结尾的词加-esbusbuses 【stomach(胃)-stomachs；epoch(新时期)-epochs】3. 以y结尾的名词,变复数时 a. 以辅音字母+y, 变y为i 加es babybabies b. 专有名词或元音字母+y, 直接加stwoMarys, monkeys 【Dry禁酒论者-drys , standby 后备人员-standbys】 4. 以o结尾的名词,变复数时a.加s， photophotos b.加es，Negro, hero, potato, tomato, volcano, to

2、rnado, torpedo, veto, mosquito,5. 以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时a. 去f或fe加ves，halfhalves b.加s，gulf/cliff/roof/grief chief/belief/proof/safe +S 6. 名词复数的不规则变化a. manmen womanwomen childchildren footfeet toothteethgoosegeese mousemice louse - lice ox - oxenb. anEnglishmantwoEnglishmen.【但German-Germans，human-humans】*c. 外

3、来名词：criterioncriteria(标准)；phenomenonphenomena(现象)；analysisanalyses(分析)；basisbases（基础）；crisiscrises(危机)；thesistheses(论文)；bacteriumbacteria(细菌)；Medium media（媒介物）； 7. 单复同形名词deer, sheep, fish, shark, giraffe, buffalo, Chinese, Japanese, Swiss, Swedish, Danish, means, series, species,aircraft, staff, li,

4、 jin, yuan, twoli, threemu, fourjin除了中国度量衡和货币之外,美元,英镑,法郎等都有复数形式。theEnglish, theChinese,表示国民总称时，谓语用复数。【-ese, -ish结尾的国家人单复同形。】2 pieces of fish 2 fish2 fishes2 pieces of glass2 glasses2 pairs of glassespenny（便士）pence (价值)Pennies（个数）8. 集体名词A单数类集体名词：意思为复数，但谓语用单数humanity 人类clothing 衣服glassware 玻璃器具machine

5、ry 机械mankind 人类equipment 设备jewelry 珠宝poetry 诗baggage 行李furniture 家具luggage 行李pottery 陶器B复数类集体名词：以单数形式出现，但实为复数,谓语用复数。 faculty, poultry, folk, people, police等本身就是复数，谓语动词复数。不能说apeople和apolice,但可以说aperson和apoliceman 【a peopletwo peoples】C单复同形类集体名词谓语单复数由意思决定army; audience; bacteria; cast; class, committe

6、e; community; company; council; crew; data; enemy; family; flock; gang; government; group; herd; jury; media; navy; opposition; police; press; public; staff ; team; youth 单数：My family is big family. 复数：His family are all music lovers.9. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词 a.maths，politics，physics学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b.news是不可

7、数名词。 c.theUnitedStates，theUnitedNations应视为单数。 d. 某些疾病mumps 腮腺炎 measles 麻疹e. 活动名称billiards /cards /darts10. -表示由两部分构成的东西 -以ing结尾的词如：glasses, trousers, clothes, slippers 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词pair; suit,apairofglasses;twopairsoftrousers。谓语单复数取决于数量词pair单复数。 -其他复数belongings; surroundings; doings; earnings; find

8、ings; savings;contents; arms; fireworks; wages; forces; remains; valuables; stairs; sweets11. 复合名词的复数a. 由man和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式前后都变复数Woman teacherwomen teachers b. 中间无连字号也没间隔的复合名词变复数，将最后一个名词变复数 housewifehousewives; greenhousegreenhousec. 中间有连字符号或间隔的复合名词，将主要的词变成复数passer-bypassers-by; mother-in-lawmoth

9、ers-in-lawd. 复合名词中的单词没有名词时，则在最后一个单词的词尾+s go-betweengo-betweens, has-beenhas-beens (过时的人或物)12. 用复数的固定词组thanks to; give regards to; take pains; with best wishes; have words with; in high spirits; in all directions; shake hands with sb; make preparations for; make friends with; congratulations (to sb)

10、on (doing) sth常见的不可数名词有：-物质/材料：air; beancurd; beef; blood; bread; butter; chalk; chicken; chocolate; cloth; coal; coffee; corn; cream; daylight; cotton; dirt; dust; energy; cheese; fibre; fog; food; fruit; flesh; four; glass; gold; grain; grass; hair; honey; iron; kerosene; lightning; meat; milk; mo

11、ney; moustache; mud; music; mutton; hay; oxygen; paper; pork; porridge; powder; rain; ice; rubbish; salt; sauce; silver; steam; steel; storage; sugar; sunrise; sweat; thirst; thunder; water; wheat; wind; wood; wool; soap; vinegar; wine; soup; baggage; clothing; furniture; luggage; jewelry; equipment

12、; electricity; homework;-抽象：time; noise; information; knowledge; progress; trouble; fun; courage; luck；patience；poverty; wealth；traffic；waste；quality; advice; attention; business; citizenship; danger; darkness; death; depth; damage; comfort; education; disappointment;experience(经验); freedom; future,

13、 goodness, graduation; grammar; happiness; health; hunger; imagination; importance; justice; kindness; luck; measure; labour; humor; permission; pressure; practice; pleasure; population; sickness; smoking; sorrow; starvation; treatment; truth; use; willingness; wisdom; weather; work; housework; poll

14、ution; *【牢记以下纯不可数名词永远不能与不定冠词连用:weather, fun, space(太空), advice, word=news, progress, information, news】不可数名词也可以直接加-s等表示复数，但它的意义也有所变化，用来指一些具体的事物。-Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数) -These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)-This factory produces steel. 这个工厂生产钢铁。(不可数) -We need various steels. 我们需要各种钢材。

15、(可数)-Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。(不可数) -Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。(可数)water(水) - waters(水域)，sea(海) - seas(海域)sand（沙子） - sands（沙漠） wood（木头） - woods（树林）damage（毁坏） - damages（赔偿金）good（好处） - goods（货物）time（时间） - times（时代）custom（风俗） - customs（海关）minute（分钟） - minutes（记录）manner（态度） - manners（礼貌） ex

16、ercise（锻炼） - exercises（体操、练习）paper（纸） - papers（文件）characteradvice（建议） - advices（通知）force（力量） - forces（军队）return（回来） - returns（统计表）green（绿色） - greens（青菜）light（光） - lights（灯）iron（铁） - irons（熨斗）glass（玻璃） - glasses（玻璃杯）freedom (自由) -four freedoms (特指“四大自由”)necessity（必要性） - necessities（生活必需品）modernizatio

17、n (现代化) - the four modernizations (特指“四个现代化”)spirit（精神） - in high spirits（情绪）custom（习俗） - customs（海关）（性格）- characters（汉字、符号） experience（经验） - experiences（经历）l *修饰可数名词不可数名词的词或短语只修饰可数名词的词或短语：Many；several；few /a few; a great(good) many; a number of; a large(great) number of; (large/great) numbers of 只修

18、饰不可数名词的词或短语：Much little a great amount of a little a bit of a good(great) deal of 修饰可数名词和不可数名词的词或短语：Some enough most a lot of lots of plenty of Much too + adj v.s too much + nl *可转化为可数名词的抽象名词抽象名词一般为不可数名词，不能和冠词连用，但以下这些抽象名词加a/an 表示具体的事物或人honour; death; pleasure; success; failure; comfort; surprise; wo

19、rry; beauty; wonder; envy; shock; shame; regret; joy; danger; shame; pity; experience; l 抽象名词部分A man of sense=a sensible man;of wealth=a wealthy man;of experience=an experienced;of courage=a courageous 1. Of+抽象名词=相应的形容词2. of + 表示大小、长短、深度、高度、年龄、颜色、材料We are of the same age. The two dresses are of diff

20、erent materials.3. in + height/ length/ size/ width/ depthThe lake is about 60 meters in depth. The rope is 10 meters in length. 4. by the hour/ by the dozenWe are paid by the hour. Energy is measured in calories. 5. with/ in / by/ on + (great + )抽象名词 = （very +）副词I met Lisa by accident (=accidentally) in London. 6.l 不可数名词的计量形式：不可数名词没有词形变化，需要计量时，可用of连接相应的表量单位词，并加以数词和变表量单位词为复数的形式来表示 a glass of water a piece of bread two glasses of water four pieces of breadv 但现代英语中，单位词的用法有变化two coffees(= two cups of coffee); two ices(= two pieces of ice)不可数名词