《会计英语》ppt课件

1、1,Introduction,教材为中英文对照，侧重专业词汇和阅读 增加会计口语部分 考查课，17周 4周实训 30%（平时）+70%（期末试卷，开卷） 出勤率10%，缺席一次1分，无上限 作业10%，少一次1分 课堂回答问题10%,2,Chapter 1,Words and Expressions Accounting会计 Accountants 会计师、会计人员 Accounting premises / assumption 会计前提/假设 Accounting principles会计原则 Accounting elements会计要素 Assets资产 Liabilities负债 O

2、wners equity所有者权益 Revenue收入 Profit利润 Expenses费用 Entity经营单位、实体单位,13. Accounts receivable应收帐款 14. Realized profits实现的利润 15. Financial accounting财务会计 16. Financial position财务状况 17. Operating results经营结果 18. Cash flow现金流量 19. Double entry复式记帐 20. Accounting entity会计主体 21. Going-concern持续经营 22. Accountin

3、g period会计期间 23. Accrual system权责发生 24. Cash basis accounting收付实现制、现金制,3,New Lesson,1.The primary purpose of accounting Accounting is intended to provide investors, creditors, government and the other interest relations exterior to the enterprise with needed economic information, control and supervi

4、se the complete procedure of enterprises economic activities, take part in the operating and long-term decision of enterprises, serve to enhance the internal operating management of enterprises.,4,Questions,What is accounting? What does financial accounting mean? What is the target of financial acco

5、unting? What is the main task of financial accounting? What is the full form of GAAP?,5,2. The concept of accounting Accounting, as one of the important parts of modern economic management, is created along with the development of social production and the request of economic management and develope

6、d with progress of production and scientific technology. Accounting is a measure used by an entity (profit or non-profit) to accumulate, dispose, communicate and convey economic information. The gathered and settled data should communicate efficiently with relevant groups outside by the using standa

7、rd accounting statements (in the sense of types, forms and contents). Accounting provides various financial information for economic activities. Managers should master some necessary information in order to Sign in the invincible position in the vehemence of market competition. Such as current cash

8、reserve, money customers owe, cost of the goods sold, the increase and decrease of sales, accounts receivable, realized profits and so on.,6,3. The characteristics of financial accounting Financial accounting mainly serves the group and individual outside the enterprise who are of economic interest

9、with the enterprise. The target of financial accounting is to offer financial information for service object to make economic decisions and control economic activities. The main task of financial accounting is to recognize, calculate, record and report accounting items. Financial accounting should s

10、trictly abide by the accounting standards and system for enterprises in order to secure the common interest of the user and provide them with general financial information.,7,4. Accounting assumption Accounting entity assumption. Going-concern assumption. Accounting period assumption Currency-measur

11、ement assumption. Enterprises should carry out accounting recognition, calculation and reporting based on accrual system.,8,5. Quality requirement for accounting information Reliability- reliable Relevance - relevant Pellucidity- pellucid Comparability-comparable Essence, not form Importance- import

12、ant Prudence- prudent Timeliness- timely,9,6. Accounting elements Assets Liabilities Equity Revenue Expense profit Plus, minus, time, divided by, equal,10,Current obligation,11,7. Accounting equation Assets= Liabilities + Owners Equity Revenue Expense = Profit Assets = Liabilities + Owners Equity +

13、(Revenue Expense) Or: Assets = Liabilities + Equity + Profit,12,Chapter 2 The Accounting Cycle,Phrases and terms (1) accounting cycle 会计循环 (2) financial statements 财务报表 (3) source documents 原始凭证 (4) general ledger 总分类帐 (5) subsidiary ledger 明细分类帐 (6) temporary accounts 暂时性帐户(permanent永久的) (7) chrono

14、logical 按照年月顺序的 (8) P.R. -posting reference 过帐记号 (9)Journalizing 做分录 (10)Close 结帐,(11)accrual basis accounting 权责发生制会计 (12)transfer voucher 转帐凭证 (13)disbursement voucher 付款凭证 (14)receiving voucher 收款凭证 (15) trial balance 试算平衡表 (16) adjusting procedures 调整程序 (17)income statement 利润表 (18) balance shee

15、t 资产负债表 (19)cash flows statement.现金流量表 (20)journals 日记帐,13,Analyze analysis Prepare financial statements编制,14,Chapter 2 The Accounting Cycle,The steps in accounting cycle Analyze transactions from source documents. Record in journal. Post to general (and subsidiary) ledger accounts. Adjust the gener

16、al ledger accounts. Prepare financial statements. Close temporary accounts.,15,1. Analyzing transactions from source documents.( information in the journal) The date An explanation（discription) of transaction. The names of the accounts debited and credited. The amount debited or credited to each acc

17、ount.,16,A/C: Account GEN: General SUB: Subsidiary LED: Ledger MON: Month Dr.: Debitor Cr.: Creditor,17,Journals Receiving Voucher Disbursement Voucher Transfer Voucher Cash Journal Cash in Bank Journal,18,2. Posting to Ledger (steps as follows) Record the amount and date. The date and the amount of

18、 the debits and credits are entered in the appropriate accounts. Record the posting reference in the account. The number of the journal page is entered in the account. Record the posting in the journal. Enter the accounting after posting up into the P.R. column of the journal General Ledger Subsidia

19、ry Ledger,19,Questions,What are ledgers? What are the rules of preparing ledgers? Please decribe general ledger and subsidiary ledger.,20,3. trial balance Steps: List account titles in numerical order. Record balance of each account, entering debit balances in the left column and credit balances in

20、the right column. Add the columns and record the totals. Compare the totals.,21,3. Trial Balance Possible errors in the accounting records: Failing to enter a transaction. Recording a transaction more than once. Recording one or more amounts in the wrong accounts. Making a compensating error that ex

21、actly offsets the effect of another error.,22,4. Adjusting procedures(features) They are the entries related to adjustment of accounting period. Although the exact day to record such entries is at the end of accounting period, it is often completed at the beginning of next accounting period in accou

22、nting practice. They separate amounts of permanent accounts from temporary accounts. They connect properly the accounting period when transactions occur with the period when the effect is resulted. They need to be recorded in the journal and posted to ledger accounts.,23,5. Adjusting procedures: App

23、ortioning(摊配) recorded costs to periods benefited. Apportioning recorded revenue to periods in which it is earned. Accruing (记提)unrecorded expense. Accruing unrecorded revenue.,24,6. Closing procedures Each temporary account has no balance at the end of accounting period after the closing. Retained

24、earnings will increase along with the realization of net income, or decrease with the occurrence of net losses. Except for retained earnings, other permanent accounts related to balance sheet will not be affected by the closing.,25,Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report,26,Chapter 3 Financial Account

25、ing Report,27,Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report,28,Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report,29,Chapter 3 Financial Accounting Report,The financial accounting report is the final result of enterprises accounting calculation. The financial accounting report is the written documents for reflecting the

26、 financial position on a specific date and operating results and cash flow of a specific period provided by the enterprises for external people.,30,Financial Accounting Report,Overview of financial accounting report The aims of preparing financial accounting reports Provide the users with useful fin

27、ancial information for decision-making. Promote rational allocation of social resources and serve for the interest of the public.,31,Financial accounting report,The constitutes of financial accounting report Accounting statements principal and core Balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash

28、flow and relevant attached lists Annotation of accounting statement Specification of financial position,32,Financial accounting report,The classification of financial accounting report Classification according to the reflected economic contents Static statements and dynamic statements 2. The classif

29、ication according to time-span Month statements, quarter statements, semi-annual statements and annual statements The classification according to various subjects of preparation. Specified, combined and aggregated statements 4. The classification according to serving targets Internal and external st

30、atements,33,Financial accounting report,The requirements on preparation of financial accounting reports Reliable Relevant and Comparable Full and Complete Timely Easy to understand,34,Information reported on the financial statements,Questions (Equation and statement) How well did the company perform

31、 during the period? Why did the companys retained earnings change during the period? What is the companys financial position at the end of the period? How much cash did the company generate and spend during the period?,35,Question Answer Financial Statement,1.,2.,3.,4.,36,Balance Sheet,What is balan

32、ce sheet? What is the function of balance sheet? One sentence to show your idea,37,BALANCE SHEET,The balance sheet (statement of financial position) reports the companys assets, liabilities, and owners equity,38,Balance Sheet,The function of balance sheet Give the panorama of an enterprises assets,

33、liabilities and owners equity. Help users fully acquaint with the financial position, analyze the debt paying ability of the enterprise and offer reference for future economic decision,39,Balance Sheet,The contents of balance sheet List head, list body, list tail The structure of balance sheet Accou

34、nt style Report style,40,Balance Sheet,Material source of balance sheet In general the “beginning amount” and ending amount” of each item in balance sheet needs to be filled with. Fill in directly according to the balance in general ledger items. Calculate and fill in according to the balance of sev

35、eral general ledger items. Calculate and fill in according to the balance of relevant detail accounts. Analyze, calculate and fill in according to the balance between general ledger and detail account. Fill in according to net amount after the offsetting between relevant asset account and its allowa

36、nce account.,41,Balance Sheet,754 246 3,586 8,765 46,240 84,067 95,724,883,967 967,204 769,476 8,690,847 5,058,371 37,580,784 86,492,205,42,BALANCE SHEET,43,What is it? What items are included in assets, liabilities and owners equity? What is the total assets? What is the total amount of liabilities

37、 and owners equity? Are the total assets equal to the total liabilities and owners equity?,44,我公司总资产为53000美元 我公司资产可从现金, 应收账款, 办公用品及土地四方面进行考虑. Could be considered from 4 aspects Could be considered from such aspects as,45,ASSETS,Current assets are Those assets which the company expects to convert to

38、cash, sell, or consume during the next 12 months or within the businesss normal operating cycle if longer than a year Current assets include Cash Accounts receivable Merchandise inventory Prepaid expenses,46,ASSETS,Long-term assets are Those assets which the company expects to hold longer then the n

39、ext 12 months or the businesss normal operating cycle if longer than one year Long-term assets include Property Equipment,47,ASSETS,Intangible assets are Those with no physical form Trademarks Patents Other assets are Those with small values which do not fall within any other standard asset category

40、,48,LIABILITIES,Current liabilities are Debts payable within one year or within the businesss normal operating cycle if longer than a year Current liabilities include Notes payable Accounts payable Accrued expenses payable Income taxes payable,49,LIABILITIES,Long-term liabilities are Debts not payab

41、le within one year or within the businesss normal operating cycle if longer than a year Long-term liabilities include Notes payable Bonds payable,50,OWNERS EQUITY,Owners equity Represents the shareholders ownership of the assets of the business Owners equity of a corporation consists of Common stock

42、 Retained earnings,51,Income Statements,What is income statements? What is the function of income statements?,52,Income statement,The income statement (statement of earnings) reports the companys revenues, expenses, and net income or net loss for the period,53,Income statement,The function of income

43、 statement Profit and loss statementone of the major accounting statements Reflect the operating results of an enterprise in a specific accounting period. Reflect comprehensively an enterprises operating performance and the primary evidence for an enterprise to distribute profits,54,Income statement

44、,The format of income statement Single-step: add all the revenue together and then add all the expenses in the period, and arrive at the profit and loss of this period through one calculation. Multi-step: make it easy for an enterprise to analyze its production and operation and does favor to the co

45、mparison among various enterprises.,55,Income statement,The preparing methods of income statement The item of operating income reflects the total income recognized by the primary operation and other operation of an enterprise. The item of operating cost reflects total actual cost incurred in primary

46、 operation and other operation of the enterprise. The item of operating tax reflects the consumption tax, business tax, urban maintenance and construction tax, resource tax, land value increment tax, and educational surtax, etc. the item of selling expense reflects the operating expenses,56,INCOME S

47、TATEMENT,57,今天我要向大家介绍一下Air The work and responsibilities of cash handling and recording are divided in such a way that errors are readily disclosed and the possibility of irregularities is reduced; All cash receipts are deposited intact in the bank each day; All major disbursements are made by check

48、s, and an imprest (fund amount) fund is used for petty cash disbursements.,68,Chapter 4 Current Assets,Some reasons for the differences between the ending balance on the bank statement and the companys cash in bank account. (1) Outstanding checks; (2) Deposits not yet credited by the bank; (3) Charg

49、es made by the bank but not yet reflected on the depositors books; (4) Credits made by the bank but not yet reflected on the depositors books; (5) Accounting errors made either by the depositor or by the bank.,69,Homework,What are assets? What are current assets? Define cash.,70,我公司本月获得服务收入8500美元 我公

50、司本月从员工薪水, 租金及设备三方面分别产生费用1200,1100, 400美元. 我公司总资产为53000美元 我公司资产可从现金, 应收账款, 办公用品及土地四方面进行考虑.,71,Translation Exercise,会计报表的附注是财务会计报告的一部分. 财务报表反映了公司的财务状况, 经营结果, 和现金流量. 公司本月向员工支付50万元薪酬.,72,Translation Exercise,会计报表的附注是财务会计报告的一部分. The annotation of accounting statements is a part of financial accounting re

51、port. 财务报表反映了公司的财务状况, 经营结果, 和现金流量. Financial statements reflect the financial position,operating results and cash flow of an enterprise. 公司本月向员工支付50万元薪酬. The enterprise paid the salary of 500,000 yuan to the staff in this month.,73,Chapter 4 Current Assets,Marketable security What is another name of

52、 marketable security? What is the marketable security consist of? When are marketable securities sold?,74,Chapter 4 Current Assets,Marketable security What is another name of marketable security? short-term investments What is the marketable security consist of? marketable debt securities (governmen

53、t and corporate bonds) marketable equity securities (preferred and common stock),75,Chapter 4 Current Assets,Marketable security recorded at cost when acquired Include the purchase price and incidental acquisition costs such as brokerage commissions and taxes.,76,Chapter 4 Current Assets,Marketable

54、security When are marketable securities sold? When the company needs cash or when good investment management indicates a change in the securities held.,77,Exercise,Group the following things into correct category. Current assets, long-term investment, fixed assets, intangible assets, current liabili

55、ties, long-term liabilities, owners equity, revenue, expenses,78,Exercise,Raw materials in stock, 100 tons, $250000 Materials owing to The East Corporation, amounting to $ 10000 Capital handed in by Investor A, $150000 Accrued expense of this month , $800 Bank loan $500000, to be repaid in two years

56、 Production patent of a product, $60000 Two workshops, $300000 Salary owing to the staff $12000 An enterprise invests $500000 to a workshop, investing period is 10 years Surplus reserve $240000,79,Exercise,Raw materials in stock, 100 tons, $250000 Current assets Materials owing to The East Corporati

57、on, amounting to $ 10000 Current liabilities Capital handed in by Investor A, $150000 Owners equity Accrued expense of this month , $800 Current liabilities Bank loan $500000, to be repaid in two years Long-term liabilities,80,Exercise,Production patent of a product, $60000 Intangible assets Two wor

58、kshops, $300000 Fixed assets Salary owing to the staff $12000 Current liabilities An enterprise invests $500000 to a workshop, investing period is 10 years Long-term investment Surplus reserve $240000 Owners equity,81,Translation Exercises,公司的资本流入会增加所有者权益，资本流出会减少所有者权益。 决策者是会计信息使用者之一。 现金制下, 收入是在收到现金时

59、确认, 费用在支付现金时确认。 根据服务对象不同,会计报表可以分为内部报表和外部报表。 应收账款应归入流动资产。,82,公司的资本流入会增加所有者权益，资本流出会减少所有者权益。 Enterprises capital inflow can increase the owners equity, and capital outflow will decrease the owners equity. 决策者是会计信息使用者之一。 The Decision maker is one of the users of accounting inflormation. 现金制下, 收入是在收到现金时确认, 费用在支付现金时确认。 Under the cash basis accounting, revenue is recognized when cash is received and expenses are recognized when cash is paid.,83,根据服务对象不同,会计报表可以分为内部报表和外部报表。 According to different serving targets, accounting statements can be classified