False Friends假对应.ppt

1、False Friends,Definition,False Friends which originates from French word “ faux am is ”are pairs ofwordsorphrasesin twolanguagesordialects(or letters in two alphabets) that lookorsoundsimilar, but differ significantly in meaning. An example is theEnglishembarrassedand theSpanish embarazada, which me

2、anspregnant.,Causes,Shared etymology (similar to cognate words) If Language A borrowed a word from Language B, or both borrowed the word from a third language or inherited it from a common ancestor, and later the word shifted in meaning or acquired additional meanings in at least one of these langua

3、ges, anative speakerof one language will face a false friend when learning the other.,Causes,Homonyms (when two words are identical both in spelling and in sound, but different in meaning) E.g dead president-美钞（上印有总统头像）（并非“死了的总统”） Servive station(加油站)（而不是服务站 White man (忠实可靠的人)（不是皮肤白的人） China policy(

4、对华政策)（而不是中国政策） Black art(妖术)（而不是黑色艺术） Green hand（新手）（而不是绿手） Greek gift(害人的礼物)（而不是希腊的礼物）,Causes,Semantic change(widening of meaning/Narrowing of meaning) In bilingual situations, due to different cultures, false friends often result in asemanticchangea real new meaning that is then commonly used in a

5、 language. E.g. Corn was originally the dominant type of grain in a region (indeed corn and grain are themselvescognatesfrom the same Indo-European root). It came to mean usuallycerealsin general in the British Isles in the nineteenth century e.g.Corn laws, butmaizein North America, and now just mai

6、ze also in the British Isles.,Semantic change,Semantic change,False Friends in Translation,False friends at lexical level (Vocabulary), lover 情人（不是“爱人”） busboy 餐馆勤杂工（不是“公汽售票 员”） busybody 爱管闲事的人（不是“大忙 人”） dry goods （美）纺织品；（英）谷物 （不是“干货”） sweet water 淡水（不是“糖水”或 “甜水”） capital idea 好主意（不是“资本主义思 想”） dress

7、ing room 化妆室（不是“试衣室” 或“更衣室”-locker room）,False Friends in Translation,False friends in Idioms,make ones hair stand on end 令人毛骨悚然恐 惧（不是“令人发指气愤”） be taken in 受骗，上当（不是“被接纳”） think a great deal of oneself 高看或看重自己 （不是“为自己想得很多”） pull up ones socks 鼓起勇气（不是“提上袜 子”） have the heart to do （用于否定句）忍心 做不是“有心做”或“有

8、意做”）,False Friends in Translation, Look out! 当心！（不是“向外看”） What a shame! 多可惜！真遗憾！（不是“多可 耻”） You dont say! 是吗！（不是“你别说”） You can say that again! 说得好！（不是“你可 以再说一遍”） You cant be too careful in your work. 你工作越 仔细越好。（不是“你工作不能太仔细”） All his friends did not turn up. 他的朋友 没全到。（不是“他的朋友全没到”）,False friends in Exp

9、ression,False Friends in Translation,False Friends in Negation Construction 1. Can not .too/over.再怎么样也不为过，越.越. I can not thank you too much .我无论怎么感谢你都是不够的 A green hard can not be too careful in buying stocks.新手在玩股票时越谨慎越好,2.never.but .每.必. It never rains but pours. 不雨则已，一雨倾盆 I never think of summer b

10、ut I think of childhood .一想到夏天， 我就会想起童年 3.Nothing if not .极其，非常 She is nothing if not polite .她极其有礼貌 He is nothing if not a gentleman .他是一个很有教养的人。,4. Not a little She was not a little surprised. 她很是吃惊 5.No more .than 同.一样不 The new edition is no more expensive than the old edition .旧版本和新版本都不算贵。 The new edition is not more expensive than the old edition .新版本不比旧版本更贵。,6.No less .than 同.一样 Drunken driving is no less than su