希望英语(第二版)综合教程3U.ppt

1、希望英语 （第二版） 综合教程 1,希望英语 （第二版） 综合教程 3,外语教学与研究出版社,Unit 2 Information,希望英语（第二版）综合教程 3 Unit 2 Information,Task 1,Task 2,Task 3,Speaking,Look at the pictures on Page 20 and list words or phrases about them. Then work with your partner and fill in the table with words or phrases about computer and the Inte

2、rnet,Speaking Task 1,W: Mike! M: Whats up? W: Look! My computer keeps scrolling down though Im not touching any key! Whats going on? M: Let me see I think your computer is being attacked by some kind of virus. W: Oh, my God! Thats too bad. M: Have you backed up your files? W: Backed them up? No. Wha

3、t shall I do now? M: Disconnect from the Internet, update your anti-virus software and run it. W: Will my system crash? M: Im not sure, but you are likely to lose some data. Do remember to make backups all the time. W: I will. Thanks a lot, Mike. M: My pleasure,Speaking Task 2,Practice the given dia

4、log in pairs. Then use the words or phrases from Task 1 to make up a dialog about computer,Work in pairs. Take turns asking your partner the following questions and make notes. Then organize your notes and report to the class. Do you have a computer of your own? How many hours a day do you spend on

5、the computer? What do you do with the computer,Speaking Task 3,Reading A,Task 2,Task 3,Task 1,Text,New Words and Expressions,Task 4,Task 6,Task 7,Task 8,Task 5,Reading A Task 1,1. When was the first computer invented? How large was it,At the end of World War II. It weighed thirty tons, and occupied

6、a space as large as a boxcar,Give brief answers to the following questions. Then compare your answers with your partners,Reading A Task 1,Give brief answers to the following questions. Then compare your answers with your partners,2. How important is the computer to our society,It plays a very import

7、ant role in our life. For example, we can surf the Internet, play computer games, store information and chat with friends,Reading A Task 1,Give brief answers to the following questions. Then compare your answers with your partners,3. Do you like the computer? Why or why not,Yes, I do. I can gain a l

8、ot of information from the Net. A computer is a useful tool for me. No, I dont. Im an internot. Its too hard and complicated to operate a computer,The Impact of the Information Revolution 1 What has been the impact of the information revolution, and how should we respond? Lets begin by considering h

9、ow fast our world shifted to a computer-based society. At the end of World War II, the first electronic digital computer ENIAC weighed thirty tons, had 18,000 vacuum tubes, and occupied a space as large as a boxcar. Less than forty years later, many hand-held calculators had comparable computing pow

10、er for a few dollars. Today most people have a computer on their desk with more computing power than engineers could imagine just a few years ago,Reading A Task 2,Now read the following passage. Mark the difficult parts, if there are any, and ask the teacher to explain afterwards,翻译,2 The impact of

11、computers on our society was probably best seen when in 1982 Time magazine picked the computer as its “Man of the Year”, actually listing it as “Machine of the Year”. It is hard to imagine a picture of the Spirit of St. Louis or an Apollo lander on the magazine cover under a banner “Machine of the Y

12、ear”. This perhaps shows how important the computer has become in our society,Reading A Task 2,翻译,3 The computer has become helpful in managing knowledge at a time when the amount of information is expanding rapidly. The information stored in the worlds libraries and computers doubles every eight ye

13、ars. In a sense, the computer age and the information age seem to go hand in hand,Reading A Task 2,翻译,4 The rapid development and use of computing power, however, have also raised some significant social and moral questions. People in this society need to think clearly about these issues, but often

14、ignore them or become confused,Reading A Task 2,翻译,5 One key issue is computer crime. In a sense, computer fraud is merely a new field with old problems. Computer crimes are often nothing more than fraud, larceny, and embezzlement carried out by more sophisticated means. The crimes usually involve c

15、hanging addresses, records, or files. In short, they are old-fashioned crimes using high technology,Reading A Task 2,翻译,6 Another concern arises from the centralization of information. Governmental agencies, banks, and businesses use computers to collect information on its citizens and customers. Fo

16、r example, it is estimated that the US government has on average about fifteen files on each American. Nothing is inherently wrong with collecting information if the information can be kept confidential and is not used for immoral actions. Unfortunately this is often difficult to guarantee,Reading A

17、 Task 2,翻译,7 In an information-based society, the centralization of information can be as dangerous as the centralization of power. We should be concerned about the collection and use of large amounts of personal information,Reading A Task 2,翻译,8 In the past, centralized information processing was u

18、sed for persecution. When Adolf Hitlers Gestapo began rounding up millions of Jews, information about their religious ties was stored in shoe boxes. US Census Bureau cards were used to round up Japanese Americans living on the West Coast at the beginning of World War II. Modern technology makes this

19、 task much easier,Reading A Task 2,翻译,9 Moreover, the problem is not limited to governmental agencies. Many banking systems, for example, utilize electronic funds-transfer systems. Plans to link these systems together into a national system could also provide a means of tracking the actions of citiz

20、ens. A centralized banking network could fulfill nearly every information need an evil leader might have. This is not to say that such a thing will happen, but it does show the challenges facing each of us due to the information revolution,Reading A Task 2,翻译,信息革命的影响 1 信息革命产生了什么影响？我们该怎样应对？首先，我们得想想，我

21、们是如此迅速地跨入计算机时代。二战末问世的首台电子计算机ENIAC重达30吨，内含18,000个真空管，其体积相当于货车的一节车厢。然而，在短短不到40年的时间里，许多仅值几美元的便携式计算器就有了与ENIAC相当的运算能力。现在，许多人的桌上都摆上了计算机，其运算能力远远超出了工程师们几年以前的想象,Reading A 译文,2 1982年，时代杂志将计算机选为“年度风云人物”实际上是把它列为“年度风云机器”，或许，这是计算机对社会影响的最佳体现。很难想象时代杂志封面标题为“年度风云机器”的下面，是圣易斯幽灵号或阿波罗登月器的图片。这也许可以表明计算机在我们社会是多么重要,Reading A

22、,3 在信息量迅速增长的时代，计算机有助于我们处理知识。储存在全世界图书馆和计算机里的信息每8年就会增加1倍。从某种意义上说，计算机时代和信息时代的发展是齐头并进的,Reading A,4 然而，运算能力的快速提高及运用也带来了一些重大的社会和道德问题。认真思考这些问题是必要的，但人们却常常忽视了这些问题，或对这些问题感到困惑,Reading A,5 其中一个主要问题是计算机犯罪。从某种意义上说，计算机诈骗只不过是新领域中出现了老问题而已。计算机犯罪通常不外乎是通过更复杂的手段进行欺骗、盗窃和侵吞。这些犯罪常常会涉及到改变地址、记录或文件。简而言之，它们都是运用高科技进行的老式犯罪,Readi

23、ng A,6 另一个问题来自信息的集中化。政府机构、银行和公司使用计算机搜集其公民或顾客的有关信息。例如，据估计，美国政府所掌握的每个美国公民的文件平均为15份。如果资料能够保密，而且不用于不道德行为，这种信息搜集本身并没有什么不妥。不幸的是，这一点却经常难以得到保证,Reading A,7 在信息社会，信息的集中化可能跟权力的集中化一样危险。我们应关注大量个人信息的搜集和使用,Reading A,8 过去，集中化的信息处理被用于迫害人。当阿道夫 希特勒手下的盖世太保开始隔离成百上千万的犹太人时，有关他们宗教关系的资料被存放在鞋盒里。二战初期，美国人口普查局按照卡片上的信息来隔离生活在西海岸的

24、日裔美国人。现代技术使这项工作变得更加容易,Reading A,9 此外，问题不仅仅局限于政府机构。例如，许多银行系统采用电子资金转账系统。将这些系统全国联网的计划也可以提供一种跟踪公民行踪的方式。对于某位居心不良的领导者来说，集中化的银行网络几乎可以满足他对信息的所有需求。这并不是说这样的事情一定会发生，但它确实表明我们每一个人因为信息革命所面临的各种挑战,Reading A,n. an especially strong powerful influence or effect caused by an idea, invention, event, etc,e.g. The full i

25、mpact of these changes has not yet been felt,Translation 不过，可以确定的是，历史上很少有人能 同时在科学和数学领域的发展上有比牛顿 更大的影响力。 What is certain, however, is that few people in history have had a greater impact than Newton on the development of science and mathematics,impact,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to d

26、o something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done,e.g. No one has yet responded to our complaints,Translation 他们的代表对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。 Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals,respond,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to change from one state, position, et

27、c. to another e.g. Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years,Translation 来帮一下忙, 把这箱子搬开, 好吗? Lend me a hand to shift this box, will you,shift,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to use particular information or facts as a point from which to develop an idea, plan

28、, etc,e.g. The film is based on a novel by Sinclair Lewis,Translation 我们应总是把自己的观点建立在事实的基础上。 One should always base ones opinion on facts,base,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,Initial of “Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer”, the first large-scale, general purpose, digital computer

29、. ENIAC was initially built for the United States military to calculate the paths of artillery shells. It was later used to make calculations for nuclear weapons research, weather prediction, or and wind tunnel design. ENIAC was introduced to the public in February 1946 and was used until October 19

30、55,ENIAC,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to fill a position, space, or time e.g. The story occupied most of the front page of the paper,Translation 怀特先生在教育部担任要职。 Mr. White occupies an important position in the Ministry of Education,occupy,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,a. b

31、eing equally important, good, bad, etc. e.g. In my view these two artists just arent comparable,Translation 火可以和太阳相比, 两者都可以发光发热。 A fire is comparable with the sun; both give light and heat,comparable,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,An American newsmagazine. Trademarked in capitals as TIME

32、. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, making it the first weekly news magazine in the United States,Time,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,An annual issue of the United States newsmagazine Time that features and profiles a man, woman, couple, group, idea, plac

33、e, or machine that “for better or for worse.has done the most to influence the events of the year.,Man of the Year,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to write a list, or mention things one after the other e.g. The guidebook lists 1,000 hotels and restaurants,Translation 您也许还需要列出某些计划好的活动或精

34、彩 内容。 You may also want to list the planned activities or highlights,list,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,A single engine, single seat monoplane that was flown alone by Charles Lindbergh on May 2021, 1927, on the first non-stop flight from New York to Paris for which Lindbergh won the $25

35、,000 Orteig Prize. Lindbergh took off in the Spirit from Roosevelt Airfield, Garden City, New York and landed 33 hours, 30 minutes later at Le Bourget Aerodrome in Paris, France,Spirit of St. Louis,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,The Apollo program was the American spaceflight endeavor wh

36、ich landed the first humans on the Moon. This program was accomplished on July 20, 1969 when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed on the Moon, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on the Moon, the last in December 1972. In

37、these six Apollo spaceflights, 12 men walked on the Moon. Apollo set major milestons in human spaceflight,Apollo,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger e.g. The populatio

38、n of the town expanded rapidly in the 1960s,expand,Translation那个商人想扩大他的经营。 The merchant wants to expand his business,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,when considered from only one point of view; partly e.g. You are right in a sense, but you dont know all the facts,in a sense,Translation 从某

39、种意义上来说，生活的一个新阶段从此 开始了。 In a sense, a new stage of life is beginning,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to mention or introduce (a subject) for consideration e.g. Theres an important point I want to raise. Translation 会议闭会前我想提出一个新的问题。 Id like to raise a new question before the meeting is o

40、ver,raise,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,a. important e.g. Few things are more significant of a mans interests than the books on his shelves,significant,Translation 你今天的成功对你的整个未来可能是重要的。 Your success today may be significant for your whole future,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions

41、,a. unable to understand clearly what someone is saying or what is happening e.g. I am totally confused. Could you explain that again? Translation 你把计划改来改去, 我都糊涂了。 All your changes of plan have made me totally confused,confused,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,a. complex; with the latest i

42、mprovements and refinements e.g. Honeybees use one of the most sophisticated communication systems of any insect,Translation 这是一台非常精密的机器。 This is a very sophisticated machine,sophisticated,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,n. (of +sing./pl.) a method or way (of doing) e.g. We expressed our

43、thoughts by means of words,means,Translation 科学家们正在为发明一种能储存这种动力的方 法而工作。 Scientists are working to devise a means of storing this type of power,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,used when you want to say, in just a few words, what is the most important point about a situation e.g. In short,

44、he is a liar,in short,Translation 简而言之，没有任何会引起怀疑的迹象。 In short, there was nothing to arouse suspicion,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,to follow something as a result of it e.g. Difficulties arose from the shortage of petroleum. Translation 该国目前的困难起因于其货币的贬值。 The countrys present difficultie

45、s arise from the reduced value of its money,arise from,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to form an idea of the cost, size, value, etc. of something, but without calculating it exactly e.g. Can you estimate the time it will take from Melbourne to Sydney,estimate,Translation 园丁估计他给花园除草需要四

46、个小时。 The gardener estimated that it would take him four hours to weed the garden,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,at a level or standard regarded as usual or ordinary e.g. We received 20 letters a day on average,Translation 这意味着，经济周期内，银行平均有更多资本， 因此降低了利润率。 It will mean, over the cycle, that

47、 they will have more capital on average and thus lower profits,on average,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,a. spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret e.g. This information is strictly confidential. Please keep what I am about to tell you confidential,Translation 请把这些机密报告

48、锁起来。 Please lock up these confidential reports,confidential,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to promise to do something; promise something will happen e.g. We cant guarantee availability of seats on tomorrows flight,Translation 我们不能保证我们的工人定期受雇。 We cant guarantee our workers regular empl

49、oyment,guarantee,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,to be anxious or worried about e.g. He has never been very concerned about what other people think of him. Translation 当孩子们没有在通常的时间放学回家时，妈 妈很担心他们的安全。 The childrens mother was very concerned for their safety when they didnt come back from sc

50、hool at the usual time,be concerned about/for,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to deal with a document e.g. Your application for a loan is being processed,process,Translation 这台计算机处理数据有多快? How fast does the computer process the data,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,18891945) G

51、erman political and military leader and one of the 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939. He built the Nazi Party into a mass movement. He hoped to conquer the entire world, and for a time dominated most of

52、Europe and much of North Africa,Adolf Hitler,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,The official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning in April 1934, the Gastapo was under the administration of Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police. From September 1939 forward it was admi

53、nistered by the Reich Main Security Office and was considered a sister organization of the Security Service and also a suboffice of the security police,Gestapo,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,to gather or bring together; capture e.g. I have asked for the whole team to be rounded up. Trans

54、lation 这些小偷中有两个在银行外面被抓住，其余的 随后也被逮捕。 Two of the thieves were arrested outside the bank, and the rest of the gang were rounded up later,round up,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,ad. further; besides; in addition (to this) e.g. The rent is reasonable and, moreover, the location is perfect,mor

55、eover,Translation 我不想去滑冰, 再说, 冰也太薄了。 I dont want to go skating and, moreover, the ice is too thin,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to make use of; use e.g. She hopes that her talents will be better utilized in her new job,utilize,Translation 希望在她的新岗位上她的才干能够比以往得 到更好的发挥。 It is to be hoped

56、 that in her new job her talents will be better utilized than before,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to move money from the control of one account or institution to another e.g. Id like to transfer 500 into my current account,Translation 我想把这笔财产转给我儿子。 I intend to transfer the property

57、to my son,transfer,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,v. to find somebody or something by following the marks, signs, information, etc. that they have left behind them e.g. The military use radar satellites to track targets through clouds and at night,Translation 警察用警犬来追踪罪犯。 The police used

58、dogs to track the criminal,track,Reading A Task 2 New Words and Expressions,because of; caused by e.g. His success is entirely due to hard work. Their increase in profits is due in part to their appropriate marketing strategies,Translation 这次意外是由于疏忽。 The accident was due to negligence,due to,Reading

59、 A Task 3,Read the above passage again and fill in the following table,Helpful in managing knowledge,Able to store information,Useful in collecting and centralizing information,Computer crimes such as fraud, larceny, and embezzlement,Difficult to guarantee the confidentiality of information,Dangers arising from the centralization of information,Reading A Task 4,Fill in the blanks with words or phrases from the above passage according to the meaning in the right column. The first letters are already given. Then compare your answers with your partners,become greater in size, number, or i