独立主格结构及精选习题

1、 独立主格结构 （一）定义：不定式或分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般必须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己的独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。 （二）构成： 1. 名词（代词）+ 不定式、现在分词或过去分词 Weather permitting, well go sightseeing. = If weather permits, .作条件状语 天气允许的话，我们要去观光。 Homework finished, the boy went out to play football. =When homework was finished,.作时间状语 作业做完了，男孩出去玩足球。

2、The exam to be held tomorrow, I cant go to the cinema tonight. 明天要考试，我今晚不能去看电影。 2. 名词（代词）+（being ）+表语（名词、形容词、副词或介词短语） It (being) Sunday, we went climbing. = As it was Sunday, .作原因状语 由于是星期天，我们去爬山。 Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes (being) wide open. 托德眼睛睁得大大的看着百万钞票。 Summer vacations (bei

3、ng) over, students returned to school. 暑假结束了，学生们返回学校。 3. with + 名词（代词）+宾补，宾补可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词或介词短语。此句型又称with复合结构。 a. They pretended to be working hard all night with their lights burning. 他们点着灯假装整晚都在努力工作。 b. She had to walk home with he bike stolen. 因为自行车被偷了，她不得不走着回家。 c. I cant go out to play

4、 with so much homework to do. 这么多作业要做，我不能出去玩。 d. She fell asleep with the windows open. 她开着窗户睡着了。 e. The students left the classroom with the light on. 开着灯学生们离开了教室。 f. The teacher came into the room, with a book in his hand. = book in hand 老师手里拿着书走进了房间。 （三）独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 ）名词

5、或代词与后面的现在分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等2是逻辑主谓关系；名词或代词与后面的过去分词是逻辑动宾关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与句子分开；修饰整个句子，在句中位置灵活，可放在句首、句中或句末，常用作状语。 （四）独立主格结构精选习题： 1Ford tried dividing the labor，each worker _ a separate task. assigned be assigned 2The lecture_，he left his seat so quietly that no one complained that his leaving disturbed

6、the speaker begun beginning 3With all factors_，we think this program may excel all the others in achieving the goal considered considered 4Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office ，but our work _，we declined the offer. being finished having finished not been finished not finished 5The

7、re are various kinds of metals ，each _ its own properties have bus, we had to walk home. being been was bus, we had to walk home. there being there was was 8. _, the text became easier for us to learn. new words words explained explained new words explained new words , the text became easier for us

8、to learn. A. When new words were explained B. Explaining new words C. New words explaining D. Being explained new words 10. _, the patient can leave the hospital. conditions B. Conditions are better C. Conditions better better conditions , you can wait a while. play being still on play still on C. B

9、eing still on the play and B , so you can wait a while play is still on play being still on the play is still on play still on , I had to ask for two days leave. being ill ill mother was ill D. all the above 14. Father came home,_ A. a dog following him B. followed by a dog C. following a dog the ab

10、ove soldier fell asleep _. the candle burning the candle he burning the candle burning the candle 16. The meeting_ over, we all left the room. （上海1987） A. is B. to be C. being D. would be 17. The fish_ bad, the children left much of it _. A. tasted, untouched B. tasting, untouched C. tasting, untouching D. tasted, untouching old man stood under a big tree, _. A. a pipe in mouth a pipe in mouth C. pipe in mouth in his mouth production _ steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing supply of raw material. gone up going up gone up gone up 20. The murderer wa