raining01ExBasics德和盛油气站防雷讲座.ppt

1、Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principles ofExplosion Protection防爆基本原则,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection防爆基本原则,These three conditions must exist: 爆炸发生的三个必要条件:,爆炸物,点火源,氧气,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection防爆基本原则,空气浓度,可燃物在空气中的浓度,浓度太低,浓度太高,Train

2、ing Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection防爆基本原则,爆炸下限浓度,爆炸上限浓度,物质名称,乙炔,乙烯,汽油,苯,天然气,燃用油/柴油,甲烷,丙烷,二硫化碳,民用燃气,氢,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Basic Principle of Explosion Protection防爆基本原则,1.避免产生爆炸环境,2.防止在爆炸环境出现点火源,3.限制爆炸造成的危害,整体防暴措施,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Avoiding of explosive atmoshere避免爆炸环境

3、产生,1,可采取以下措施: 避免易燃物质（替代技术）/惰性化（充氮，二氧化碳等）/限制浓度/自然或人工通风,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Prevention of the ignition of an explosive atmoshere防止爆炸环境出现点火源,2,如果不能够通过基本的防爆措施完全或者部分避免爆炸环境的存在，那就需要采取措施防止点火源在爆炸环境中产生。因此根据爆炸环境存在概率，将危险区域进行划分。,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Zone 0,Zone 1,Zone 2,2,Principle of Protection Zones 防护区

4、划分Gases, Dust, Vapours 气体, 粉尘, 蒸汽,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Constructional Requirements for Explosion Protected Electrical Apparatus 防爆电器的应用要求,气体,蒸汽,雾,粉尘,爆炸环境存在频率,连续 长时间经常,偶尔,不常 短时间,G代表气体, D代表粉尘,Training Ex-Basics 2008,2,Example of Protection Zones 防护区划分示例Gases, Dust, Vapours 气体, 粉尘, 蒸汽,Zone 2,Zone 1,

5、Training Ex-Basics 2008,2,Example of Protection Zones 防护区划分示例Gases, Dust, Vapours 气体, 粉尘, 蒸汽,Training Ex-Basics 2008,New marking acc. ATEX新ATEX 认证标识,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,EQUIPMENT-GROUP I (Mining),Sufficient Safety,Category M1,very high level of protection,By means of 2

6、protective measures / 2 faults,Category M2,High level of protection,The equipment is intended to be denergized in the event of an explosive atmosphere,设备组别 I (采矿业),非常高的防护等级,高防护等级,类别 M1,类别 M2,确保安全,通过2个保护措施/ 2 故障点,在爆炸环境下,该类设备禁止通电工作,Training Ex-Basics 2008,EQUIPMENT-GROUP II (other explosive atmosphere

7、),Sufficient Safety,Can be used in,Atmosphere G=Gas, D=Dust,Category 1* very high level of protection,By means of 2 protective measures / faults,Zone 0,Zone 20,G,D,Zone 1,Zone 21,Zone 2,Zone 22,Category 2*,high level of protection,G,D,G,D,Frequently occuring equip-ment faults / 1 fault,During normal

8、 operation,Category 3* normal levelof protection,* II (1)G = associated electrical apparatus - installation in the safe area,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,非常高防护水平,高防护水平,一般防护水平,确保安全,通过2个防护措施/ 故障,时常发生设备故障 / 1故障点,正常运行状态,可用于,环境 G=气体, D=粉尘,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,根据欧洲标准,防爆设备,Trainin

9、g Ex-Basics 2008,TYPES OF PROTECTION,Type of protection,Main application,Standard,Measures to reduce the probaility of spark formation and increased temperature. There must be no ignition source present in normal operation. Use in connection systems (motors).,EN 50 019 IEC 60 079-7 FM 3600 UL 2279,I

10、ncreased safety,e,Flameproof enclosure,Switchgear and control gear an indicating equipment, control system, motors, transformers, hesting equipment, light fittings,EN 50 018 IEC 60 079-1 FM 3600 UL 2279,d,Pressurized apparatus,Switchgear and control cabintes, analysers, large motors,EN 50 018 IEC 60

11、 079-1 FM 3620 NFPA 496,p,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,防护类型,增安型,隔爆型,正压型,主要应用,以降低火花以及温升产生的几率。在正常运转时，严禁产生点火源。用于连接系统（电机）。,开关设备和控制设备的显示设备，控制系统，电动机，变压器，有温升设备，照明装置,开关柜和控制柜，分析仪，大型电机,标准,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Types of Protection防护类型,防护类型 只有防暴设备可以用于危险区域，尽管有基本的防暴措施，但是爆炸环境还是会存在。 根据EN 50 014（DIN VDE 0170/0171第一章）

12、一系列标准建筑法规，防暴电器设备会有 很多的防护类型。制造商可以根据仪器的类型和功能选择不同的保护形式。从安全的角度来看，所有的标准防护形式都是等效的。但是这里说明下，n型防护模式只能使用在Zone 2区域。,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,本安型,充油型,充砂型,浇封型,N型,变压器起动电阻,互感器，电容器，加热导体防护壳,低功耗设备开关器件, 控制和指令单元, 显示单元, 传感器,仪器仪表和通信技术，传感器，驱动器,所有2区电气设备, 照明设备, 不适合开关和控制设备,Training Ex-Basics 2008,爆炸等

13、级组别-依据CENELEC, IEC, NEC 505,爆炸等级组号,典型气体,甲烷,丙烷,乙烯,氢,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Classification of Gases an Vapours into EXPLOSION GROUPS and TEMPERATURE CLASSES,I,Methane,II A,Acetone Ethane Ammonia Benzol (pure) Acetic acid Methane (natural gas) Methanol Propane Toluene,II B,Co

14、al gas (lightning gas) 煤气,II C,Hydrogen,Ethanol i-Amyl acetate n-Butane n-Butyl alcohol,Ethylene,Actylene,T1,T2,Benzene Diesel fuel Aircraft fuel Heating oil n-Hexane,T3,Acetylaldeyde Ethylether,T4,Carbon disulphide,T5,T6,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,按照爆炸等级组别和温度级别分类,甲烷,丙酮乙烷氨粗苯(纯)醋酸甲烷(天然气) 甲醇丙烷甲苯,乙醇i-戊酯

15、n-丁烷n-丁醇,苯柴油燃料飞机燃料燃用油n-己烷,乙醚,乙烯,乙炔,氢,二硫化碳,Training Ex-Basics 2008,CENELEC IEC USA (NEC 505),T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,Marking acc. ATEXATEX认证标识,温度级别,最高表面温度,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Typical Types of Protection for SPDs SPD的典型防护类型,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 5

16、0 020的本质安全型Ex (i),Training Ex-Basics 2008,Typical SPDs - useable for earth free Ex (i) - circuits: 可用于不接地本安Ex (i) 电路的: BCT MOD MD EX 24 BCT MOD MD EX 30 BCT MOD MD HFD EX 6 BXT ML4 BD EX 24; BXT ML4 BC EX 24 DCO RK MD EX 24 DPI MD EX 24 ITAK EX i,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据E

17、N 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),Training Ex-Basics 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),What is Intrinsically safety Ex (i) ? Intrinsically safety protection is based on the principle of current and voltage limitation in a circuit. Power is kept in such low level that

18、neither sparks nor by unpermissible surface heating of the electric components can the surrounding explosive atmosphere be ignited. Not only the voltage and current of the electrical equipment but also the energie storing inductors and capacitors in the whole circuit must be limited to safe values.

19、Typical applications are measuring and control lines (Instrumentation and communication technology, sensors, actuators).,什么是本质安全? 本质安全防护是基于对电路中电流和电压的限制. 功率保持在一个较低水平,使其在正常工作和规定的故障状态下产生的电火花和热效应均不能点燃周围环境的爆炸性混合物. 不仅是电气设备的电压和电流,而且整个电路的蓄能电容和电感也要限制在一个安全值内. 典型的应用是测量和控制线（仪器仪表和通信技术，传感器，驱动器）,Training Ex-Basics

20、 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),The power in the circuit is limited to levels that do not allow any impermissibly high temperatures and/or ignition sparks or light arcs that have the ignition power required for an explosion. Use of MCR systems.,电路中的功率保

21、持在一个较低水平,使其在正常工作和规定的故障状态下产生的电火花或热效应或电弧均不能点燃周围环境的爆炸性混合物. 用于MCR系统.,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020 依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i)Principle of Calculation Lo and Co Lo 与 Co 计算方法,Lo LBD + Lline + LBD + Lsensor Co CBD + Cline + CBD + Csensor,BLITZDUCTOR,LBD,CBD,3,4,1,2

22、,3,4,1,2,Lsensor,Csensor,BLITZDUCTOR,LBD,CBD,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,Lline,Cline,C,C,EPB,EPB,Signal Line,Transmitter with Ex(i)-Input (max. adm. Lo, Co),BLITZDUCTOR,BLITZDUCTOR,Sensor,信号线,传感器,变送器,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Example of a temperature measuring transformerIntrinsically safe circuit例：温度测量互感器本质安全电路,

23、01.07.03 / 3907,Technical Data,To be installed in,Measuring Transformer TH02,Surge Protective Device 浪涌保护器 BCT MOD MD Ex 30,Type of protection,Voltage,Frequency,Immunity level,Test standards,Isolation from earth 500 V,Inner capacity电容量Ci,Inner inductance电感量 Li,according to NE 21, e.g. 0.5 kVline/lin

24、e; 1 kV line/ground,Atex, CE,yes,Ci = 15 nF,Li = 220 H,zone 1,ia,Ui max. = 29.4 V dc,Ii max. = 130 mA,f HART = 2200 Hz, frequency-modulated,discharge capacity 10kA (8/20s), coordination characteristics (X/1),Atex, CE, IEC 61643-21,yes,negligibly small,zone 1,ia,Uc = 34.8 V dc,IN = 500 mA,f G = 6 MHz

25、,Current,negligibly small,技术数据,测量互感器TH02,安装位置,防护等级,电压,频率,防护水平,监测标准,对地绝缘能力500 V,电流,依照NE 21, 例如0.5 kV线/线; 1 kV 线/地,放电能力10kA (8/20s), 能量协调(X/1),极其微小,极其微小,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),Type of Protection ia or ib ? Regarding the safe cu

26、rrent and voltage limitation there are two categories to be considered: ib specifies that in case of a fault in the intrinsically safe circuit the intrisic safety must be preserved. Location: zone 1, zone 2, zone 21, zone 22 ia requires that on the occurrence of two independent faults the intrinsic

27、safety must still be preserved. Location: lines from zone 0, zone 1, zone 2, lines from zone 20, zone 21, zone 22,防护等级ia 或ib ? 关于安全的电压和电流限制有两类加以区别： Ib是指电路在正常工作或一个故障时,不能点燃爆炸性混合物的电气设备. 区域: zone 1, zone 2, zone 21, zone 22 ia是指电路在正常工作、一个或两个故障时,都不能点燃爆炸性混合物的电气设备. 区域: lines from zone 0, zone 1, zone 2, li

28、nes from zone 20, zone 21, zone 22,Training Ex-Basics 2008,Example of a temperature measuring transformerIntrinsically safe circuit例：温度测量互感器本质安全电路,01.07.03 / 3907,Technical Data,To be installed in,Measuring Transformer TH02,Surge Protective Device 浪涌保护器 BCT MOD MD Ex 30,Type of protection,Voltage,Fr

29、equency,Immunity level,Test standards,Isolation from earth 500 V,Inner capacity电容量Ci,Inner inductance电感量 Li,according to NE 21, e.g. 0.5 kVline/line; 1 kV line/ground,Atex, CE,yes,Ci = 15 nF,Li = 220 H,zone 1,ia,Ui max. = 29.4 V dc,Ii max. = 130 mA,f HART = 2200 Hz, frequency-modulated,discharge cap

30、acity 10kA (8/20s), coordination characteristics (X/1),Atex, CE, IEC 61643-21,yes,negligibly small,zone 1,ia,Uc = 34.8 V dc,IN = 500 mA,f G = 6 MHz,Current,negligibly small,技术数据,测量互感器TH02,安装位置,防护等级,电压,频率,防护水平,监测标准,对地绝缘能力500 V,电流,依照NE 21, 例如0.5 kV线/线; 1 kV 线/地,放电能力10kA (8/20s), 能量协调(X/1),极其微小,极其微小,Tr

31、aining Ex-Basics 2008,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),Ex (i) - circuit isolation strength = 500 V AC ? Intrinsically safe equipment (transducer, transformer, sensor, etc.) usually has an insulation strength of = 500 V AC. These equipment is considered as ear

32、th free. They must be earthed for safety reasons or for reasons of function.,Ex (i) 线路绝缘强度= 500 V AC ? 本质安全设备（变送器，互感器，传感器等） ，通常绝缘强度= 500 V AC.这些设备被视为不接地的. 出于安全要求或者功能需求它们必须进行接地.,Training Ex-Basics 2008,MD / Ex,3,4,1,2,MD / Ex,1,2,3,4,Signal Line,Trans- mitter 1),BLITZDUCTOR CT,BLITZDUCTOR CT,Sensor 1

33、),Meshed Earthing System,1)Isolation Strength 500 V AC 1) 绝缘强度 500 V AC Mind the consequent equipotential bonding and meshing 考虑到由此产生的等电位连接和接合,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020依据EN 50 020的本质安全型Ex (i),信号线,变送器1),传感器 1),接地地网系统,Training Ex-Basics 2008,ME,3,4,1,2,MD / Ex,1,2,3,4,Signal L

34、ine,Trans- mitter 2),BLITZDUCTOR CT,BLITZDUCTOR CT,Sensor 1),Meshed Earthing System,2)Isolation Strength 500 V AC Mind the consequent equipotential bonding and meshing,Intrinsically safety Ex (i) in acc. with EN 50 020,信号线,变送器1),传感器 1),接地地网系统,2)绝缘强度 500 V AC 考虑到由此产生的等电位连接和接合,Training Ex-Basics 2008,BLITZDUCTOR CT MD/ExExample of Application: Transmitter with Ex (i) Buffer应用实例: 变送器 Ex (i),2535.ppt / 22.12.1999 / KK,S2535,Training Ex-Basics 2