足球运动员与道德

1、.足球运动员与道德Germanys goalkeeper admitted fooling the referee, but players shouldnt be exempt from ethical criticism for actions on the pitchFrank Lampards shot clearly went over the line but Germanys goalkeeper Manuel Neuer continued with play. Photograph: Cameron Spencer/Getty ImagesShortly before hal

2、f-time in the World Cup elimination match between England and Germany on 27 June, the England midfielder Frank Lampard had a shot at goal that struck the crossbar and bounced down onto the ground, clearly over the goal line. The goalkeeper, Manuel Neuer, grabbed the ball and put it back into play. N

3、either the referee nor the linesman both of whom were still coming down the field, and poorly positioned to judge signalled a goal, and play continued.After the match, Neuer gave this account of his actions: I tried not to react to the referee and just concentrate on what was happening. I realised i

4、t was over the line and I think the way I carried on so quickly fooled the referee into thinking it was not over.To put it bluntly: Neuer cheated, and then boasted about it.By any normal ethical standards, what Neuer did was wrong. But does the fact that Neuer was playing football mean that the only

5、 ethical rule is win at all costs?In football, that does seem to be the prevailing ethic. The most famous of these incidents was Diego Maradonas goal in Argentinas 1986 World Cup match against England, which he later described as having been scored a little with the head of Maradona and a little wit

6、h the hand of God. Replays left no doubt that it was the hand of Maradona that scored the goal. Twenty years later, in a BBC interview, he admitted that he had intentionally acted as if it were a goal, in order to deceive the referee.Something similar happened last November, in a game between France

7、 and Ireland that decided which of the two nations went to the World Cup. The French striker Thierry Henry used his hand to control the ball and pass to a teammate, who scored the decisive goal. Asked about the incident after the match, Henry said: I will be honest, it was a handball. But Im not the

8、 ref. I played it, the ref allowed it. Thats a question you should ask him.But is it? Why should the fact that you can get away with cheating mean that you are not culpable? Players should not be exempt from ethical criticism for what they do on the field, any more than they are exempt from ethical

9、criticism for cheating off the field, for example by taking performance-enhancing drugs.Sport today is highly competitive, with huge amounts of money at stake, but that does not mean it is impossible to be honest. In cricket, if a batsman hits the ball and one of the fielders catches it, the batsman

10、 is out. Sometimes when the ball is caught the umpire cannot be sure if the ball has touched the edge of the bat. The batsman usually knows and, traditionally, a batsman should walk leave the ground if he knows he is out.Some still do. The Australian batsman Adam Gilchrist walked in the 2003 World C

11、up semi-final against Sri Lanka, although the umpire had already declared him not out. His decision surprised some of his team-mates but won applause from many cricket fans.An internet search brought me just one clear-cut instance of a footballer appearing to doing something equivalent to a batsman

12、walking. In 1996, Liverpool striker Robbie Fowler was awarded a penalty for being fouled by the Arsenal goalkeeper. He told the referee that he had not been fouled, but the referee insisted he take the penalty kick. Fowler did so, but in a manner that enabled the goalkeeper to save it.Why are there

13、so few examples of such behaviour from professional footballers? Perhaps a culture of excessive partisanship has trumped ethical values. Fans dont seem to mind if members of their own team cheat successfully, they only object when the other side cheats. Thats not an ethical attitude. (Though, to the

14、ir credit, many French football followers, from President Nicolas Sarkozy down, expressed their sympathy for Ireland after Henrys handball.Yes, we can deal with the problem to some extent by using modern technology or video replays to review controversial refereeing decisions. But while that will re

15、duce the opportunity for cheating, it wont eliminate it, and it isnt really the point. We should not make excuses for intentional cheating in sport. In one important way, it is much worse than cheating in ones private life. When what you do will be seen by millions, revisited on endless video replay

16、s, and dissected on television sports programs, it is especially important to do what is right.How would football fans have reacted if Neuer had stopped play and told the referee that the ball was a goal? Given the rarity of such behaviour in football, the initial reaction would no doubt have been s

17、urprise. Some German football fans might have been disappointed. But the world as a whole and every fair-minded German fan, too would have had to admit that he had done the right thing.Neuer missed a rare opportunity to do something noble in front of millions of people. He could have set a positive

18、ethical example to people watching all over the world, including the many millions who are young and impressionable. Who knows what difference that example might have made to the lives of many of those watching. Neuer could have been a hero, standing up for what is right. Instead he is just another

19、very skillful, cheating footballer.弗拉克兰帕德的射门明显越过了球门线，但是德国队门将曼努埃尔诺伊尔装作不知道，继续将球扑出。在 6 月 27 日英国队对德国队的世界杯小组赛进行到将近半场时，英格兰中场球员弗兰克兰帕德一脚射门，打在横梁上，弹落到地面，明显地越过了球门线。而门将曼努埃尔诺伊尔扑住球，将它拖回了赛场中。裁判和边裁都还在跑向底线，站在无法准确裁决的位置判定没有进球，比赛继续。在赛后，诺伊尔对他的行为作了如下解释：“我尽量不管裁判，专注于正在发生的事情上。我意识到球已经过线，我猜我如此之快地作出反应将它抱回骗到了裁判，让他误以为球没有过线。”简单地说

20、：诺伊尔欺骗了裁判，并且洋洋得意。不管在哪种道德标准下，诺伊尔的所作所为都是错误的。难道诺伊尔正在进行足球比赛就表示唯一的道德规范是“不惜一切代价赢得比赛”吗？这似乎已经成为了足球界盛行的道德规范了。这些事件中最著名的是在 1986 年世界杯上阿根廷对阵英格兰的比赛中马拉多纳的一粒进球，他事后如此描述这次得分：“一部分归功于马拉多纳的头，另一部分归功于上帝之手。”比赛录像清晰无疑地显示了马拉多纳是手球得分的。20 年后，在一次英国广播公司的采访中，他承认他当时有意装作进球了，以此欺骗裁判。在去年 11 月份在法国和爱尔兰之间决定谁能闯入世界杯的一场比赛上又发生了类似的事件。法国射手蒂埃里亨利用

21、手控球传给队友，队友随即破门得分。当在赛后被问及当时的想法时，亨利说：“说实话，这是一个手球。但是我不是裁判。我这么做了，而裁判也没吹。这个问题你应该问他。”但真的是这样吗？为什么你能够逃避欺骗的处罚就代表了你是无罪的？球员们要是在球场上的所作所为可以逃避道德的批判，那么更甚一步，他们在球场外也就能逃避道德批判了，例如服用加强体能的药物。当今的运动的竞技性极高，奖金也很丰厚，但是这并不意味着就无法保持诚实了。在板球比赛中，如果击球手击出的球被一个外野手接到了，那么击球手就出局了。有的时候球被接到以后裁判不确定球是否碰到了击球板的边缘。击球手通常自己明白，一般，他会“walk”离开赛场如果他心里明白自己出局了的话。有的人依然如此。澳大利亚击球手 Adam Gilchrist 在 2003 年世界杯半决赛对阵斯里兰卡时离开了赛场，虽然裁判已经宣布他并未出局。他的决定让他的队友感到惊讶，但却受到了许多板球爱好者的热烈掌声。我在网络上搜索了