托福综合写作__技巧完全版1.ppt

1、INTEGRATED TASK,综合写作 技巧展示,INTEGRATED TASK,本课内容,INTEGRATED TASK,1. NOTE-TAKING: “双栏式” 笔记法： 2- column way T: R: L:,INTEGRATED TASK,讲义第12页， 第3题 演示 先画好“双栏” 注意阅读信息笔记字数不超过15字 读阅读每一段的 Main point 和 detail/reason,PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,T：privatized spaceflight industry R: benefits L: ,PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,阅读笔记

2、：,PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,听力笔记,SCHOOL UNIFORM,T：school uniform R: stress L: ,SCHOOL UNIFORM,阅读笔记：,School uniform听力笔记,INTEGRATED TASK,2. SUMMARIZING,INTEGRATED TASK,SUMMARIZING 1. eliminate unnecessary information 2. Combine into a sentence. 因果关系,INTEGRATED TASK,Because,INTEGRATED TASK,展示 SUMMARIZING 通过

3、题目 SCHOOL UNIFORM PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,SCHOOL UNIFORM,阅读笔记：,School uniform听力笔记,School uniform,展示 SUMMARIZING 通过 例题 SCHOOL UNIFORM 共6句话,SCHOOL UNIFORM,1. If all students wear the same style of uniform, clothing cost will be less. 阅读第1 School uniform is expensive/ pricy, and students who wear uniform

4、will buy trendy after-school clothes. 听力第1,SCHOOL UNIFORM,2. With everyone wearing the same uniform, students will not be concerned about whether they are wearing the fashionably-correct clothes. 阅读第2 Being made to wear a school uniform makes many students feel more self- conscious, because they can

5、 present themselves in a way of making them comfortable. 听力第2,SCHOOL UNIFORM,3. Unity in clothing can eliminate discrimination , so teasing and bullying of some students by others will be significantly reduced. 阅读第3 It is impossible to eliminate teasing and bullying because they are in that particul

6、ar stage, also they can pick on other things like music and backpacks. 听力第3,INTEGRATED TASK,3. SYNTHESIZING,INTEGRATED TASK,SYNTHESIZING 把 SUMMARIZING的6句话整理成3大段，形成 BODY PART Connect the information from both sources,SYNTHESIZING,According to the lecture,_; this contradicts the points in the reading

7、that_. The professor argues that_. This is different from the reading, which states that_. The teacher says that_. However, this is not what the reading states; it says that_.,SYNTHESIZING,Contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor asserts that_. The author of the passage points out

8、that_, while the lecture notes that_. According to the reading, _. The passages point is different from the professor, which states that_.,SYNTHESIZING,展示 SYNTHESIZING 通过例题： PRIVATE SPACE FLIGHT,PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,阅读笔记：,PRIVATE SPACE TRAVEL,听力笔记,SYNTHESIZING,1. According to the lecture, the costs

9、of creating and running traffic control system, and of testing new space ship will make space flight expensive. This contradicts the points made in the reading that competition in the private space flight industry quickly reduce costs.,SYNTHESIZING,2. The professor asserts that private space travel

10、is likely to prevent or even delay scientific innovations by luring top scientists away from serious researches to commercial projects. Contrary to what the belief in the passage that privatization of space flight will speed up by increasing the number of scientists working in the area of spacefligh

11、t.,SYNTHESIZING,3. The lecture notes that the taxpaying public will end up subsidizing space station, and so on, because the private invest (customers) can not cover the cost. While the author of the passage points out that the costs paid by customers of private space flight industry will significan

12、tly reduce the financial burden on public.,INTEGRATED TASK,例题： CHARITABLE GIVING,T：charitable giving R: decline L: ,CHARITABLE GIVING,阅读笔记：,CHARITABLE GIVING,听力笔记,CHARITABLE GIVING,2-min drill 写出BODY PART 的第一段：2个句子： 阅读一句话+听力一句话,CHARITABLE GIVING,1. The teacher says that charitable giving will rise i

13、n the future, as the growing costs of public services from increasing elderly and retired people create need for private funding. This is not what the reading states, it is said that charitable giving will decline substantially, because government can cover most of charity.,CHARITABLE GIVING,2. The

14、talk says that the mismanagement in charities has been reformed, by forcing the corrupted managers to resign, which gives donors more confidence. In the reading, however, it is argued that disclosures of mismanagement of the charity will lead to a permanent decline in charitable giving.,CHARITABLE G

15、IVING,3. According to the lecture, people are learning how to avoid fraudulent giving in charities by receiving documents before donation, by turning down donation via telephone. The professors point is different from the reading. The reading states that people are unwilling to donate due to the cha

16、rity fraud.,INTEGRATED TASK,科学性文章 READING: 设想 LISTENING 反 1 事实， 解释 驳：解释 2 事实， 解释 3事实， 解释,Easter Island,T: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion L: internal causes,Easter Island p16,T: Easter Island culture decline R: invasion L: internal causes,Easter Island,1. The teacher says that the deforest

17、ation of Easter Island is the most plausibly explained by over logging by the native population who use the logs to transport the giant statues. This is not what the reading states, it is said that Easter Island was deforested by invaders who were unconcerned about natural resources.,Easter Island,3

18、. According to the lecture, It is likely that Easter Islanders adopted a new religion because they lost faith in their old gods. The professors point is different from the reading, adopting a new religion called Birdman Worship of Easter Island was introduced by a foreign invasion.,Easter Island,2.T

19、he talk says that the making of giant statues stopped because economic difficulties (the lack of fish to eat) left islanders without any energy to make them, and also it because there were no logs to transport them. In the reading, however, it is argued that this traditional culture practice of East

20、er Island was destructed by invasion.,开头段,划去BODY PART 只看开头段 模板,Modular template,开头段： In the lecture, the professor made several points about_. The professor argues that_. However, the reading contends that_. The lecture contradicts the reading regarding several points,Firstly, the lecturer points ou

21、t that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states_. The professor proves his idea with an example/ a reason that _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.,Secondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that_, the professor claims that _ by showing that_. The poi

22、nt undermines the claim made in the reading.,Finally, the professor states that _. This is contrary to the claim that _. Also the professor exemplifies his/her opinion by showing that_. This directly challenges what the reading passage indicates. In conclusion, the points made in the lecture contras

23、t with the reading.,INTEGRATED TASK,1. NOTE-TAKING: “双栏式” 笔记法： 2- column way T: R: L:,ALTRUISM,OG p282,ALTRUISM 的范文,Introduction Paragraph The topic for the lecture and the reading passage is _. The professor argues that_ _while the reading contends that_ _ _ _. The lecture contradicts the reading r

24、egarding several points.,altruism,people and animals actually benefit from so-called altruism acts,altruism is a kind of unselfish behavior which is quite common among people and animals,Body Paragraph 1,Firstly, the lecturer points out that_ which differs from the reading in that the reading states

25、_. In other words, _. The point made by the professor casts doubt on the reading.,sentinel meerkats actually eat before the other meerkats,they go without food to stand guard,sentinel meerkats have a full stomach as they work according to recent studies,Body Paragraph 2,Secondly, contrary to the belief in the passage that _ _, the professor claims that _ _ _ by showing that _ _. The point undermines the claim made in the reading.,sentinel meerkats place themselves in danger from predators,the alarm sentinels give