科学家专用ppt模板;蓝脑计划项目Blue Brain有神秘神经元做底纹.ppt

1、Blue Brain,Presented by: NIKHILESH.J.R &KRISHNA RAJ.S,INTRODUCTION,Human brain - The most valuable creation of God. BLUE BRAIN - The name of the worlds first virtual brain. That means a machine that can function as human brain. Main aim is to upload human brain into machine. After the death of the b

2、ody, the virtual brain will act as the man.,Contn,IBM is now in research to create a Virtual Brain. The first phase of Blue Brain project started after 15 years of systematically dissecting a single neocortical column. The project has focused not only on building a model of NCC, but on developing a

3、generic facility. The model of NCC consists of 10,000 3D digitalization of real neurons.,FUNCTIONING OF BRAIN,Sensory Input Receiving input such as sound ,image, etc through sensory cell . Interpretation Interpretation of the received input by the brain by defining states of neurons in the brain. Mo

4、tor Output Receiving of electric responses from the brain to perform any action .,Modeling The Blue Brain,1: Modeling the neurons:- Shape & Structure influences its electrical properties. Neuron morphology & Electrical behavior of the Juvenile Rat is used as the basis for the model.,2: Modeling conn

5、ections:- Precise density & Volume of the Cell provides essential information for constructing cortical circuits. Blue Gene is used in intensive calculation to fix the synapse locations,3: Modeling the column:- The result of all these calculations is a recreation at the cellular level of the NCC. A

6、model of NCC was completed at the end of 2006.,Model of NCC,Specific achievements of BBP-Phase 1,Modeling framework for automatic, on demand construction of neural circuits : from biological data. New simulation & calibration process : automatically analyses the biological accuracy & consistency of

7、each revision of the model. Can serve as a key tool foe simulation based research.,Blue Gene : Super Computer,Blue Gene Computer architecture project designed to produce several super computers having speeds in PFLOPS range. 4 Blue Gene Projects Blue Gene/L Blue Gene/C Blue Gene/P Blue Gene/Q,Blue G

8、ene/L :,Developed through a partnership with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Theoretical performance : 478 TFLOPS sustained 596 TFLOPS peak. It uses Lustre to access multiple file systems in the 600TB 1PB range.,Features:,Trading the speed of processors for low power consumption Duel

9、processors per node with two working modes System on-chip design Large number of nodes 3D torus interconnect with auxiliary networks Lightweight OS per node for minimum system overhead,Architecture:,The uploading is possible by the use of small robots known as the nanobots These robots are small eno

10、ugh to travel through out our circulatory system Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be able to monitor the activity and structure of our central nervous system They will be able to provide an interface with computer while we still reside in our biological form,UPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN,Nanobo

11、ts could also carefully scan the structure of our brain, providing a complete readout of the connection. This information, when entered into a computer, could then continue to function as us. Thus the data stored in the entire brain will be uploaded into the computer.,Contn,BRAIN SIMULATION,The elec

12、trical activity of each neuron is simulated via supercomputers A visual exploration of the circuit is an important part of the analysis As the electrical impulse travels through the column, neurons light up and change color as they become electrically active All calibrating & comparing fn.s of Blue

13、Brain circuit : 2nd stage of Blue Brain process,INPUT Through the natural neurons,INPUT Through the silicon chip or artificial neurons,INTERPRETATION By a set of bits in the set of register,INTERPRETATION By different states of the neurons in the brain,NATURAL BRAIN VS SIMULATED BRAIN,OUTPUT Through

14、 the natural neurons.,OUTPUT Through the silicon chip .,PROCESSING Through arithmetic and logical calculations.,PROCESSING Through arithmetic and logical calculation and artificial intelligence.,MEMORY Through permanent states of neurons,MEMORY Through Secondary memory,NEURON SOFTWARE,Simulation env

15、ironment for modeling individual and network of neurons. Developed by : Michael Hines, John W Moore & Ted Carnivale. Primary scripting language used to interact is hoc. Supports parallelization via the MPI protocol. Properties of neuron membrane channels are simulated using NMODL language.,Program t

16、o create a nerve cell,/create two sections, the body of the neuron and a very long axon create soma, axon soma /length is set to 100 micrometers L = 100 /diameter is set to 100 micrometers diam = 100,/insert a mechanism simulating the standard squid HodgkinHuxley channels insert hh /insert a mechani

17、sm simulating the passive membrane properties insert pas axon L = 5000 diam = 10 insert hhinsert pas /the axon shall be simulated using 10 compartments. By default a single compartment is used nseg = 10 ,/connect the distal end of the soma to the proximal end of the axon connect soma(1), axon(0) /de

18、clare and insert a current clamp into the middle of the soma objref stim soma stim = new IClamp(0.5) /define some parameters of the stimulus: delay, duration (both in ms) and amplitude (in nA) stim.del = 10 stim.dur = 5 stim.amp = 10,/load a default NEURON library file that defines the run routine L

19、oad_file(stdrun.hoc) /set the simulation to run for 50 ms tstop = 50 /run the simulation run(),Remembering things without any effort. Making decision without the presence of a person. Using intelligence of a person after the death . Understanding the activities of animals . Allowing the deaf to hear

20、 via direct nerve stimulation.,ADVANTAGES,DISADVANTAGES,We become dependent upon the computer . Others may use technical knowledge against us. Another fear is found today with respect to human cloning,HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRMENT,A Super computer Memory with a very large storing capacity Process

21、or with a very high processing power. A very wide network. A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain to input signal, which is to be received by the computer and vice versa. very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between the natural brain and the computer.,BENEFITS,1. Gatheri

22、ng and testing 100 years of data: To provide a working model into which the past 100 years knowledge about the microstructure and workings of the neocortical column can be gathered and tested. 2. Cracking the neural code: The Neural Code refers to how the brain builds objects using electrical patter

23、ns. Creating an accurate replica of the NCC which faithfully reproduces the emergent electrical dynamics of the real microcircuit, is an absolute requirement to revealing how the neocortex processes, stores and retrieves information.,3. Understanding neocortical information processing: The power of

24、an accurate simulation lies in the predictions that can be generated about the neocortex. Indeed, iterations between simulations and experiments are essential to build an accurate copy of the NCC. 4. A novel tool for drug discovery for brain disorders: Understanding the functions of different elemen

25、ts and pathways of the NCC will provide a concrete foundation to explore the cellular and synaptic bases of a wide spectrum of neurological and psychiatric diseases. 5. A global facility: A software replica of a NCC will allow researchers to explore hypotheses of brain function and dysfunction accel

26、erating research.,6. A foundation for whole brain stimulations: generate reduced models that retain critical functions and computational capabilities, which can be duplicated and interconnected to form neocortical brain regions. Knowledge of the NCC architecture can be transferred to facilitate reco

27、nstruction of subcortical brain regions. 7. A foundation for molecular modeling of brain function: Will provide the first and essential step to a gradual increase in model complexity moving towards a molecular level description of the neocortex with biochemical pathways being simulated.,RESEARCH WORK,IBM developing the “Blue brain” IBM, in partnership with scientists at Switzerlands Ecole Polytechnique Federale De Lausannes(EPFL) Brain and Min