宾语从句-状语从句-定语从句ppt课件

1、(复合句) 宾语从句、状语从句、 定语从句,授课者：Miss Liu,中考考点 1宾语从句的时态、语序及句中引导词的选用。 2状语从句中的连词及时态。 3定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。,考点一 宾语从句,概念：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语,1引导词 (1)在that 引导的宾语从句中，若是陈述句作宾语，that可以省略。eg： The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 (2)连接代词which，what，who等或连接副词how, where, why, when

2、等引导的特殊疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。eg： Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？,(3)whether 或 if 引导的一般疑问句或选择疑问句作宾语的从句时，从句改用陈述语序。如： I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei.我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 注意 下列几种情况通常使用whether： 具有选择意义且又有or或or not，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether； eg：Could you tell me wh

3、ether go or not? 介词之后用whether； eg,：We are talking about whether well go on the pinic. 不定式前用whether。 eg：We decided whether to walk there.,2时态 (1)当主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态 Do you know if/whether he has seen the film? (2)当主句的谓语动词为一般过去式，从句要用相应的过去时态。Eg：We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问琼那时正在做什么。 (3)当从

4、句表述的是客观真理或普遍规律时，宾语从句要使用一般现在时。 Eg：Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound. 丽萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。,3语序（疑问词+主语+谓语+其他） (1)陈述句改为宾语从句时，语序不变。如： He is a good child. The teacher said. The teacher said (that) he was a good child. 老师说他是个好孩子。 (2)一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句时，语序改为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonde

5、r. I wonder if/whether he works hard 我想知道他工作是否努力。 When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 提醒 宾语从句与简单句的转换 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句常可以转换为“特殊疑问词to do”结构的简单句。如： I dont know what I should say. I dont know what to say 我不知道要说什么。,宾语从句小口诀,宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词 主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制； 主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；

6、陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether 特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。,习题： 1Your English is so good. Could you tell us _? At homeschool. My father taught me.(2014南昌) Awhere did you learn it Bwhere will you learn it Cwhere you learnt it D.where you will learn it 2Could you tell me _ ？ You can take the No.1 bus. (2014，黔西南州) Ah

7、ow can we get to Xingyi Airport Bhow we can get to Xingyi Airport Chow do we get to Xingyi Airport Dhow we got to Xingyi Airport,C,B,3Can you tell me _？In these days.(2014，鄂州) Awhen will they go to the Science Museum Bhow long they have been in New York Chow soon they will go to see the children lef

8、t at home Dwhat time will they attend the meeting 4Excuse me，could you tell me _？ .(2014东营) Go along this street until you see some buildings with golden roofs Ahow I can go to Tianning Temple(天宁寺) Bhow often you go to Tianning Temple C.how soon you will go to Tianning Temple Dhow many times you hav

9、e been to Tianning Temple 5She got a nice skirt as a present on her birthday.Do you know _(2014呼和浩特) Awhat was it made of Bhow much did it cost Cwho buys it for her Dwhere she got it,C,A,D,考点二 状语从句,概念：用来修饰主句的动词，副词和形容词的从句,1分类 (1)时间状语从句 由when, before, after, until, as soon as, while, as, since 等引导的状语从

10、句叫做时间状语从句。 eg：I feel very happy when I meet my friends again. 当我再次见到我的朋友们时我感到很高兴。 We have made many dumplings since we began to cook. 自从我们开始做饭，我们已经包了许多饺子了。 He didnt go to bed until he finished his homework. 他直到做完作业才睡觉。(go to bed 表示的动作不能持续),Ill call him as soon as he comes back. 他一回来我就给他打电话。 Father w

11、as cleaning the car while I was playing computer games. 当我正在玩电脑游戏时，爸爸在清洗汽车。 (2)条件状语从句 由if, unless 等词引导的状语从句叫作条件状语从句。 eg：If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go there by bike.如果明天不下雨，我们就骑自行车去那里。,(3)其他状语从句及其引导词,2.主句与从句时态一致的问题 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列两种情况： (1)主现从现： 若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词时，那么从句用一般现

12、在时表示将来。 eg：Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 The traffic must stop when the lights are/turn red . 当红灯亮时，车辆必须停下来。 (2)主将从现： 主句用一般将来时，而从句用一般现在时。 eg：I will visit my good friend when I have time. 当我有时间时，我将去看望我的好友。 If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 如果明天她来这里，我将和她一起去公园。,

13、(3)宾语从句和状语从句同时出现。 eg：I dont know if(是否)he will come. If(如果)he comes, I will tell him about the accident. 我不知道他是否要来。如果他来，我将告诉他这起事故。 I dont know when(什么时候)he will come tomorrow. When(当的时候)he comes, I will tell him about the news. 我不知道他明天什么时候来。当他来时，我将告诉他这个消息。 (4)过去时态： 若主从句都是在叙述过去的事情，则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。

14、eg： Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。,3引导词与连词的使用 because与so不能同时用在一个主从复合句中； 有类似用法的还有 although/though与but。 eg：Though/Although it was late, they kept working. 尽管晚了，他们仍在继续工作。,习题 1.(2009绵阳中考) My uncle has been taught in this school _ he was twenty years old. A. since B. for C. u

15、ntil 2. (2009河北中考) _ they may not succeed, they will try their best A. though B. When C. Because 3.(2009河南中考) Its quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers _people get off the bus. A.after B. since C. when 4.(2008汕头中考) Tim will call me as soon as he _ my package. A. receive B. will r

16、eceive C. receives 5.(2008恩施中考) He was _ tired _ he fell asleep as soon as he lay down. A. too; to B. so; that C. such; that,A,A,C,C,B,考点三 定语从句,概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修 饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。,引导定语从句的关系代词有who(whose, whom), which, that; 关系副词有when, where, why。 1关系代词的基本用法,2.关系代词的特殊用法 that 和 wh

17、ich都可以修饰表示物的先行词。 (1)下列情况只能用that： 先行词为不定代词 all, few, little, much, everything, nothing 等时。 eg：All that you have to do is to practise every day. 你要做的就是每天练习。 There isnt much that I can do. 我能做的不多。 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 eg：The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我上的第一堂课。 This is t

18、he best film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。,先行词被 all, any, every, few, little, no, some 等不定代词修饰时。 Eg：I have read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读完了你给我的所有的书。 先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same 等修饰时。 eg：The white flower is the only one that I really like. 这朵白花是我真正喜欢的。 This is the ve

19、ry book that I want to read. 这就是我要看的那本书。 先行词既有人又有物时。 eg： We talked about the persons and things that we could remember. 我们谈论了我们所能记得的人和事。 当主句是以 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。 eg： Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那的那个人是谁？ Which of us that know something about physics doesnt know this？ 在我们懂点物理的人当中有谁不知道

20、这个,(2)下列情况只能用 which： 关系代词作介词的宾语时用“介词which”的结构。 eg:This is the book for which you ask. 这是你要的书。 引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which。 eg:This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍了。,3关系副词的用法 (1)when引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的先行词。 eg:I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得来北京的第一天。 (2)where 在句中作状语，表示地点。如： eg:This is the factory where I worked two years ago. 这就是