山东专用2021新高考英语二轮复习第2板块强化知识运用专题4语法填空含解析

1、语法填空卷别年份体裁话题短文词数有提示词无提示词谓语动词非谓语动词词类转化名词代词比较等级冠词介词连词代词副词限定词新高考全国卷2020说明文博物馆相关知识206312112全国卷2020说明文中国无人探测器登月成功2253121212019说明文北极熊现状19122211112018说明文跑步与健康1861221121全国卷2020说明文新年装饰的美好寓意2101331112019记叙文90岁老人获奖209232122018说明文农作物与环保21022312全国卷2020记叙文自然母亲2382221122019记叙文旅行经历1612231112018记叙文故事介绍201121111111命题

2、规律1一般给出一篇200词左右的说明文或记叙文，10个空中有7个有提示词，提示词为实词，每空不超过三个词；另外3个不给提示词，每个空只能填一个单词，主要填虚词。2有提示词的考查有三个必考点，分别是谓语动词(主要为时态、语态和主谓一致)、非谓语动词和词类转化；还有两个常考点，分别是比较等级和名词的数。3无提示词有三个常考点，分别为连词(包括并列连词和从句引导词)、冠词和介词。4若考查代词，可分为有提示词和无提示词两种类型；另外，有时也可以直接填副词。命题趋势1预计2021年高考语法填空仍为说明文或记叙文，难易度保持稳定，话题符合学生的认知水平，贴近学生的日常生活，文章寓意深刻，对学生具有一定的教

3、育意义。2从考查点看，有提示词类动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词仍是考查的重点，其次是词类转换，其中以动词转换为名词、名词转换为形容词、形容词转换为副词为主；无提示词类填空以考查介词、连词、冠词为主。语法填空解题三步骤第一步通读全文，理解大意快速通读全文，掌握文章的主旨大意。浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语意”上的准备。因为“语意”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语以及应该采用什么样的语法形式。第二步尝试填空，先易后难在通读全文、基本了解文章大意之后，就可以填空了。答题之前，首先要检查题目中是否有提示词，如果有提示词，应该判断所填词在句子中充当的成分，根据其所充当的成分和所处句

4、子的时态等，填写出单词的正确形式。如果句中没有提示词，则要根据空格所在位置判断所填词的性质，如连词、冠词、代词和介词等。第三步验证复查，修正错误在答题时间充足的情况下，进行复查是必要的。复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文中并进行通读，最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的逻辑关系，如果前后句子之间有矛盾或者句子不通顺，证明有可能出现错误，这时候就要重新考虑，适当修正错误。 a篇 (2020全国卷)china has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.the unmanned ch

5、ange4 probe(探测器)the name was inspired by an ancient chinese moon goddess1._(touch) down last week in the south poleaitken basin.landing on the moons far side is 2._(extreme) challenging.because the moons body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，china first had to put a satellite in orbit

6、above the moon in a spot 3._ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to earth.the far side of the moon is of particular 4._(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山)，more so 5._ the familiar near side.chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard change4 6._(

7、find) and study areas of the south poleaitken basin.“this really excites scientists，”carle pieters，a scientist at brown university，says，“because it 7._(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 8._(construct)”data about the moons composition，such as how 9._ ice and other trea

8、sures it contains，could help china decide whether 10._(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了中国是第一个登上月球背面的国家。1touched考查时态。句中有时间状语last week，故用一般过去时。2extremely考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。副词extremely修饰后面的形容词challenging。3where考查定语从句的引导词。先行词是spot，后跟定语从句，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。4inter

9、est考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。句中含有“beof名词”结构，be of particular interestbe particularly interesting，故填名词interest。5than考查more.than.的用法。本句中含有more，空格后为比较对象，因此本空应填than。6to find考查非谓语动词(不定式)。句中的动词不定式短语to find and study areas of the south poleaitken basin作状语，表目的。7means考查时态和主谓一致。根据上下文时态可知，本句也应用一般现在时，主语是it，故谓语动词用means。8is

10、 constructed考查时态和语态。此处表示“月球是如何构成的”，应用被动语态，且此处描述的是客观情况，故填is constructed。construct vt.建造，构建。9much考查how much的用法。how much“多少”，修饰不可数名词。10its考查代词。此处表示“它的计划”，故用形容词性物主代词its。b篇 (2020全国卷)decorating with plants，fruits and flowers for chinese new yearchinese new year is a 11._(celebrate) marking the end of the

11、winter season and the beginning of spring.this is why decorating with plants，fruits and flowers 12._(carry) special significance. they represent the earth 13._(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.these are some of the most popular in many parts of the country：oranges：orange trees a

12、re more 14._ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.they make great gifts and you see them many times 15._(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.bamboo：chinese love their“lucky bamboo”plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.16._(certain) du

13、ring the holiday period，this plant is a must. bamboo plants are associated 17._ health，abundance and a happy home.they are easy 18._ (care) for and make great presents.branches of plum blossoms(梅花)：the 19._(beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.the plum t

14、rees are 20._ first to flower even as the snow is melting(融化)they represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了中国人在庆祝春节时用植物、水果和鲜花来做装饰以及它们所代表的美好寓意。11celebration考查词性转换(动词变名词)。不定冠词a后面接可数名词单数，所以填celebration。12carries考查时态和主谓一致。在why引导的表语从句中，动名词短语decorating.flowers作主语，谓语动词用单数，并

15、且此处讲的是客观事实，用一般现在时，所以填carries。13coming考查非谓语动词。the earth和come之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，所以填coming。14than考查固定搭配。more than为固定搭配，在这里表示“不仅仅”，所以填than。15decorated考查非谓语动词。空前的them指代上文的orange trees，和decorate之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用动词的ed形式作宾语补足语，所以填decorated。16certainly考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。此处修饰整个句子，且位于句首，所以填certainly。17with考查固定搭配。be associat

16、ed with.是固定搭配，表示“与有关”。18to care 考查固定句式。此处考查“beadj.to do”结构。注意此处用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。19beautiful考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。空处和空后的long共同修饰名词branches，所以填beautiful。20the考查冠词。序数词前加定冠词the，表示“第几个”。c篇 (2019全国卷)the polar bear is found in the arctic circle and some big land masses as far south as newfoundland.while they are r

17、are north of 88，there is evidence 21._ they range all the way across the arctic，and as far south as james bay in canada.it is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 22._(poor) studied；however，biologists calculate that there are about 20，00025，000 pol

18、ar bears worldwide.modern methods 23._ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid1980s，and are expensive 24._ (perform) consistently over a large area.in recent years some inuit people in nunavut 25._(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements，leading to

19、a 26._(believe) that populations are increasing.scientists have responded by 27._(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements，leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 28._(high) than they actually are.of 29._ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three ar

20、e declining，six 30._(be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了北极熊种群数量越来越少、亟须保护的现状。21that考查同位语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的具体内容，从句中不缺少成分且意义完整，故用that引导。22poorly考查词性转换(形容词变副词)。修饰动词studied应用形容词poor的副词形式poorly。23of/for考查介词。a method of/for doing sth.做某事的方法。24to p

21、erform考查非谓语动词。此处是“主语beadj.不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。25have reported考查时态。根据句中的时间状语in recent years可判断用现在完成时。26belief考查词性转换(动词变名词)。根据空格前的不定冠词a可知，此处应填believe的名词形式belief(看法，信念)。27noting考查非谓语动词。介词后接动词时，应用其动名词形式。respond by doing sth.通过做某事回应。28higher考查形容词比较级。根据空格后的than可知，此处应用high的比较级形式higher。29the考查冠词。此处特指确认的19

22、个亚种群，故用定冠词the。30are考查时态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；six指代six polar bear subpopulations，谓语动词应用复数。d篇 (2020新高考全国卷)many people have the hobby of collecting things，e.g.stamps，postcards or antiques.in the 18th and 19th centuries，31._(wealth) people travelled and collected plants，historical objects and works of

23、art.they kept their collection at home until it got too big 32._ until they died，and then it was given to a museum.the 80，000 objects collected by sir hans sloane，for example，33._ (form) the core collection of the british museum 34._ opened in 1759.the parts of a museum open to the public 35._(call)

24、 galleries or rooms.often, only a small part of a museums collection 36._(be) on display.most of it is stored away or used for research.many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.as well as looking at exhibits，visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine 37._(t

25、hey) living at a different time in history or 38._(walk) through a rainforest.at the jorvik centre in york，the citys viking settlement is recreated，and people experience the sights，sounds and smells of the old town.historical 39._ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.museums must compete

26、40._peoples spare time and money with other amusements.most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children.【语篇解读】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了博物馆的相关知识以及现在社会博物馆的开办情况。31wealthy考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。根据设空处后面的名词people可知，这里应用形容词wealthy修饰。32or考查连词。分析句子结构可知，until it got too big和until they died并列，同时结

27、合语境可知，此处表示选择关系，故用连词or。33formed考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，同时结合上下文可知，此处的动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故答案为formed。34which/that考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句且在定语从句中作主语，先行词为the british museum，故此处用关系代词which/that。35are called考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，该句主语为the parts of a museum，设空处为谓语动词，与主语之间为被动关系，结合语境可知这里为客观事实，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态。36is

28、考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语often可知该句应用一般现在时，设空处为谓语动词，主语为only a small part of a museums collection，是单数形式，故此处用is。37themselves考查代词。根据语境可知，主语visitors发出的动作imagine作用于自身，此处应用反身代词形式，故答案为themselves。38walking考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，设空处与前面的living at a different time in history并列，都作动词imagine的宾语，故此处用walking。39accuracy考查词性转换(形容词

29、变名词)。根据语境和设空处前的修饰词historical可知，此处应用名词accuracy作主语。40for考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表达的是“为了人们的空闲时间和金钱与其他的娱乐活动进行竞争”，compete for“为竞争”，故应用介词for。题型一有提示词命题角度时态和语态非谓语动词比较等级名词、代词词汇派生考查动词八种时态和语态的基本构成形式。考查动词的ing形式，ed形式和不定式形式。考查形容词、副词变为比较等级的基本构成形式。考查单数名词变成复数名词的基本构成形式；考查代词的数和所有格的变化以及反身代词。考查加前缀或后缀转化而来的派生词。真题例释(2020全国卷)in ancie

30、nt china lived an artist 1.whose paintings were almost lifelike. the artists reputation had made him proud. one day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2._(fine) work, so that he could choose the best. the artist was sure he would

31、 3._(choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperors chief minister, the old man laughed. the wise old man told him to travel to the li river perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.filled with 4._(curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 5.when/as

32、he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6. (point) down the river. the next morning he hired a boat and set out 7._ (find) the wellknown painter. as the small boat moved 8._ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by th

33、e mountains being silently reflected in the water. he passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. and when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9._(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. the artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest a

34、rtist 10.on earth, mother nature.2.提示词fine是形容词，修饰其后的名词work，应考查比较等级。此处应指“他们最好的作品”，故填最高级形式finest。3提示词choose是动词，且与句子的主语是被动关系，应考查被动语态，故在情态动词后填be chosen。4提示词curious是形容词，在介词with后应填名词形式，故此处填curiosity。6提示词point是动词，空格处与前面的smiled构成并列谓语，故用一般过去时pointed。7提示词find是动词，与前面的set out构成短语set out to do sth.“着手做某事”，故填to f

35、ind。8提示词gentle是形容词，空格处修饰动词moved，故考查其副词形式gently。9提示词surround是动词，(surround) the mountain tops作宾语clouds的补足语，surround与clouds是主谓关系，应用其现在分词形式，故填surrounding。1(2020新高考全国卷)often, only a small part of a museums collection is(be) on display. most of it is stored away or used for research.2(2020新高考全国卷) historic

36、al accuracy(accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 3(2019全国卷)i love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends i have made(make)over the years.4(2019北京卷)on the first day of my first grade, i stood by the door with butterflies in my stomach.i voiced(voice)my biggest concern to my m

37、other.5(2018全国卷)you may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying(die) early by running.6(2018全国卷)running is cheap, easy and its always energetic(energy)7(2018全国卷)to avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to strengthen(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉), avoid

38、hills and get good running shoes.8(2018全国卷)according to the world bank, china accounts for about 30 percent of total global(globe) fertilizer consumption.9(2018全国卷)im a scientist(science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.10(2018浙江卷)i still remember visiting(visit) a friend whod lived her

39、e for five years and i was shocked(shock) when i learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.11(2020哈尔滨市模拟)as paper became more affordable，papercutting became one of the most important types(type) of chinese folk art.12(2020云南师大附中)tea ceremony, with its(it) roots in the chinese tea culture, differ

40、s among eastern countries.13(2020邯郸市模拟)captains taking their(they) ships around an iceberg may miscalculate the size of the iceberg.14(2020武汉市质检)without enough animals and plants, evolution cant function and nature will become worse(bad) instead of better.15(2020日照市一中模拟)the railway stations of the f

41、uture may be more intelligent than we can possibly(possible) imagine.16(2020邯郸市模拟)third, if you talk loudly in public places, it will make other people uncomfortable(comfortable)17(2020华中师大附中模拟)should a persons morals and political views be taken(take) into consideration when we evaluate literature?

42、18(2020衡水市模拟)shortly after the community decided to turn(turn) an abandoned area into a garden park, they called(call) a meeting to discuss peoples requirements.19(2020辽宁省实验中学模拟)when people are faced(face) with health or nutrition questions, it is increasingly(increasing) common for them to go onlin

43、e and diagnose themselves.20(2020泰安市模拟)he strongly(strong) supports the promotion of traditional chinese medicine and health medicine to a larger(large) area, which will bring benefits to more people that suffer pains from disease.题型二无提示词命题角度冠词介词代词并列连词或从属连词关系代词或关系副词副词a, an, the的基本用法及特殊用法。动词、名词、形容词与介

44、词的搭配；固定短语中的介词。人称代词的数、所有格；固定短语中的代词。and, but, or, so；状语从句的引导词。定语从句、名词性从句的引导词。固定搭配中的副词。真题例释(2020浙江卷)some time after 10000 bc, people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 1. _， through agriculture. over thousands of years, they began to depend less on 2._ could be hunted or gather

45、ed from the wild, and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. farming produced more food per person 3._ hunting and gathering, so people were able to raise more children. and, as more children were born, more food 4.was needed(need). agriculture gave people their first experience of

46、 the power of technology 5.to change(change) lives. by about 6000 bc, people 6.had discovered(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise. later, they learned to work with the 7.seasons(season), planting at the right time and，in dry areas, 8.making(make) use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉

47、) their fields. this style of farming lasted for quite a long time. then, with 9. _ rise of science, changes began. new methods 10.meant(mean) that fewer people worked in farming. in the last century or so, these changes have accelerated. new power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now t

48、otally transformed a way of life that started in the stone age. 1.无提示词。根据句意可知，当时人们首次试图控制他们所生活的这个世界，live in是固定词组，表示“在地方生活”，故填介词in。2无提示词。根据句子结构可知，2._ could be hunted or gathered from the wild在介词on的后面是宾语从句，空格处引导宾语从句且在从句中作主语，表示“的事物”，故填关系代词what。3无提示词。根据前面的more可知，此处考查比较级，more . than .表示“比多”，故填than。9无提示词。根

49、据后面的rise of science可知，此处考查名词的限定词，语意表示“科学的兴起”，故填定冠词the表示特指。1(2020新高考全国卷)they kept their collection at home until it got too big or until they died, and then it was given to a museum. 2(2020新高考全国卷)the 80，000 objects collected by sir hans sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the british m

50、useum which/that opened in 1759.3(2019全国卷)i work not because i have to, but because i want to.4(2019北京卷)first celebrated in 1970, the day now includes events in more than 190 countries and regions(地区)5(2018全国卷)while running regularly cant make you live forever, the review says it is more effective a

51、t lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.6(2018全国卷)corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over the past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.7(2018全国卷)im not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.8(2018浙江卷)many

52、 westerners who/that come to china cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.9(2020威海市模拟)being happy is a sort of unexpected gain.but staying happy is an accomplishment, a success of soul and character.10(2020南阳市模拟)life was difficult for her during h

53、er youth as she and her grandparents had little to live on11(2020黑龙江省实验中学模拟)this would help boost global trade, investment, and financial cooperation, making it easier to share the benefits of development more widely.12(2020北京市高考适应性测试)some university students carried out a campaign where they celebr

54、ated their whole day without cell phones.技法一动词灵活多变，重点掌握其变化形式一、提示词是动词时，若句子没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但与之是并列关系时，所填词就是谓语动词，就需要考虑时态和语态。例1(2018全国卷)since 2011, the country has grown(grow) more corn than rice.例2(2020新高考全国卷)the parts of a museum open to the public are called(call) galleries or rooms.二、提示词是动词时，若句子中

55、已有谓语动词，又不是并列关系时，所填词就是非谓语动词，这时就需要确定是用动词ing形式，ed形式，还是用不定式形式。1作目的状语用不定式的一般式，可位于句首或句中。例1(2020天津卷改编)to help(help) us prepare for the exam, the teacher suggested reading through our notes.例2(2018全国卷)you dont have to run fast or for long to see(see) the benefit.2作伴随状语时，多用动词ing形式。例3(201610月浙江卷)soon after, i was on my way to the show, carrying(carry) a fancy black handbag and a ha