unit5 grammar

1、,省略（Ellipsis） 为了避免重复，省略句中的一个或几个成分，这种语法现象称为“省略”。,Discovering useful structures,简单句中的省略,1、省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略；其它省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。,(1) (I) Thank you for your help. (2) (I) See you tomorrow. (3) (It) Doesnt matter. (4) (I) Beg your pardon.,2、省略主谓或主谓语的一部分,(1) (There is) No smoking . (2) (Is there) Anything wro

2、ng ? (3) (Will you) Have a smoke ? (4) What/How (do you think) about a cup of tea ? (5) Why (do you) not say hello to him ?,3、省略作宾语的不定式短语，只保留to，但如果不定式to后是be或完成时态，则须保留be或have:,Are you going there? -Yes, Id like to (go there). (2) He didnt give me the chance, though he had promised to (give me the cha

3、nce). (3) Are you an engineer? -No, but I want to be. (4) He hasnt finished the task yet. -Well, he ought to have.,4、省略表语,(1) Are you thirsty? -Yes, I am (thirsty). (2) His brother isnt lazy, nor is his sister (lazy).,5、同时省略几个成分,(1) Lets meet at the same place as (we met) yesterday. (2) -Have you fi

4、nished your work ? -(I have) Not (finished my work) yet.,In groups, look at these pairs of sentences. Discuss the difference between A and B in each pair. Also discuss which is the better sentence and why.,2,The difference between sentence A and B: There are lots of repeated words and phrases in sen

5、tence A. Sentence B is better than Sentence A because it doesnt have unnecessary repetition in it, and it is easier to understand and it sounds much less awkward than sentence A.,3,Rewrite these sentences by taking out the unnecessary parts.,The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was ver

6、y painful. A boy was on the left side of the sick woman, and a girl was on the right side of the sick woman,( ),_).,(_,3. She has a daughter who is in hospital. 4. He went to the doctor because he had to go to the doctor . 5. Did she pass the first aid test that she did yesterday or didnt she pass?,

7、( ),( ),( ),not,6. She could not decided whether to send him to hospital or not to send him to hospital.,7. When your nose is bleeding, you should bend forward so that the blood runs out of your nose and the blood doesnt run down your throat. 8. Only some of the students have done a first aid course

8、 but most of the students havent done a first aid course.,not,Finish Ex 1 in 巩固提升P27,These sentences are correct. However, one or more words have been left out. Can you tell your partner which words are missing ?,4,1 The temple surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,The temple (which

9、is) surrounded by a wall belongs to the local government.,2)The first book I read this term was more interesting than the second.,The first book (that) I read this term was more interesting than the second (book that I read this term).,定语从句中的省略,3 To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first

10、 aid exam than expected.,To her teachers surprise, she did better in her first aid exam than (she was) expected (to do).,在than, as引导的比较状语从句中的省略,4 I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have.,I dont think they have returned from the hospital, but they might have (returned f

11、rom the hospital).,在并列中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略,5 He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt.,He wanted to help the accident victim but his friend didnt (want to help the accident victim).,在并列中，后面分句中与前面分句中相同的部分常可省略,6 You can borrow my first aid notes if you want to.,You can borrow my fi

12、rst aid notes if you want to (borrow my first aid notes).,不定式后省略动词,7 Sounds like a good idea.,(It) sounds like a good idea.,8 Anything I can do for you?,(Is there) anything I can do for you?,主从复合句中的省略,1、主句中有一些成分被省略,(1) ( Im ) Sorry to hear that you are ill. (2) ( Its a ) Pity that he missed such a g

13、ood chance.,2、not， so常用来替代从句。,(1) Is he coming back tonight? -I think so. (2) She must be busy now? -If so, she cant go with us. (3) Is she feeling better ? -Im afraid not. (4) Do you think he will attend the meeting? -I guess not.,so常用于替代肯定形式的从句，而not常用来替代否定形式的从句。常见的动词有：think、imagine、guess、say、hope、

14、fear等。 这种用法常见的有：How so? Why so?,3、连词的that省略,(1) 宾语从句中常省略连词that，但也有不能省略的情况。 (2) 在定语从句中，that在从句中作宾语时可省略.,4、在某些状语从句中，从句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省去“主语+be”部分,When (he was) still a boy of 10, he had to work day and night. She tried her best though (she was) rather poor in health. If (you are) asked you may come in.

15、If (it is) necessary Ill explain to you again.,并列句中的省略,两个并列句中，后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。,(1) My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. (2) I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school. (3) When summer comes, the day is getting longer and longer, and the night (is getting) shorter and

16、shorter.,其他省略,1、不定式符号to的省略,并列的不定式可省去后面的 to. I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. (2) help 当“帮助”讲时，后面的宾语或宾补的不定式符号to可带可不带. I will help (to) do it for you. I will help you (to) do it. （3）介词but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带 to. The boy did nothing but play.,(4) 某些使役动词（let, make, have）及感官动词（see, watch, hear,

17、notice, observe, feel, look at, listen to等）后面作宾语补足语的不定式一定要省去 to, 但在被动语态中须将to 复原。 I saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. The boss made us work 12 hours a day. We were made to work 12 hours a day.,(5) 主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait. What

18、we can do now is (to) wait. (6) find 当“发现”讲时，后面作宾语补足语的不定式符号to可带可不带。 We found him (to) work very hard at the experiment. 但如果是不定式 to be，则不能省略。 She found him to be dishonest.,2、连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略，但后面的语序有变化。,(1) Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (2) Were I you, I would do the work better. (3）Should there be a flood, what should we do?,3、主句和从句各有一些成分省略。,The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).,省