英语动词讲解

1、动词,实义动词,系动词,助动词,情态动词,一）实义动词,_ 本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。 I like the book. 2. _自身意思完整，无需接宾语。 Birds can fly,及物动词,不及物动词,1动词+宾语 I like English very much. 2动词+宾语+宾补 We paint the shelf pink. 加名词作宾补的词有: call, choose, consider, elect, make, name,3.动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 V+sb sth V+sth for/to sb,及物动词,1）动词+宾语+不定式(to do) （宾

2、补）advise allow cause enable encouragefind forbid force wish invite order permit persuade remind tell warn expect wish,一 have, let和make, 此三动词是使役，使用它们要仔细，后接“宾补”略去“to” 一感feel, 二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make, 四看see, look at, observe, watch,2）动词+宾语+省略to 的不定式（宾补,口诀： 不定式作宾语补足语时省to的动词 【速记口诀】一感，二听，三让，四

3、看，半帮助 【妙语诠释】一感：feel； 二听：hear, listen to； 三让：make，let，have； 四看：see，notice，watch，observe； 半帮助：help,colour, keep, find, get,leave,make,paint,cut Eg: Please colour it red. I find it interesting,3）动词+adj (做补语,get/leave/keep/set/catch/havesb.doing; see/find/watch/feel/hear/listento/ discoversb. doing 如:他让

4、我等了整整一上午 。 Hekeptmewaitingthewholemorning,4）动词加现在分词做补语,过去分词作宾补时，常见的词有 have ,get, make have sth done Eg: 我理发了。 I have had my hair cut. 我让别人明白了。 I made myself heard,5）动词加过去分词（补语,口诀： 能接不定式，又能接动名词，但意思不同的动词或词组： forget, go on, mean, remember, stop, try， regret, 巧记， 即四记力争不后悔。四记指(记得/记住；忘记；计划/打算；继续)；力争指try；不

5、后悔指 stop regretting-stop 与regret,bring, hand, lend , mail ,offer ,owe ,pass post ,read, return , send ,sell ,show , take ,teach ,tell , throw ,write,V+ 直宾或间宾,sb +sth/ sth to sb,book ,buy, choose cook, draw ,fetch find ,fix ,get make, order ,pick prepare save sing spare steal,V+ 直宾或间宾,sb sth/ sth for

6、 sb,1.没有被动形式，如happen,occur,rise,lie,die,不及物动词,2.主动表示被动的词 动词+ (well,poorly,easily) sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, operate, break, measure, weigh 1.Dry wood burns easily. 2.The cloth washes well,他跑的快。 He runs fast. 他经营一家工厂。 He runs a factory. Eg:

7、study，fly，run, change,既作及物又作不及物动词的词,1.She looked forward every spring to_ the flower-lined garden. A.visit B.paying a visit C.walk in D.walking in 2.I would appreciate _ back this afternoon. A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.youre calling 3.The day he has looked forward to_at last. A.coming

8、B.came C.come D.comes 4.Mr Smith warned her son _ after drinking. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive 5.She pretended_me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen,D,C,B,Exercise,A,A,常见的连系动词有：be, become, turn, get, grow, keep, feel, look, s

9、eem, smell, turn, fall等。 它们都表示状态的渐变或保持不变，以及表示感觉。后面接形容词构成系表结构。 Eg：Please keep the classroom clean. The bread looks very fresh. His plan sounded practical,二）系动词,本身有意义，但不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语,状态变化系动词,go,come,turn,grow,fall,get become,1.The weather will_hot for another two weeks. A.last B.remain C.get D.tu

10、rn 2.The hot weather will _another two days. A.last B.remain C.get D.turn 3.The boss made them _12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working 4.They were made_12 hours a day. A.work B.to work C.worked D.working,B,A,A,B,Exercise,5.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets _well a

11、nd they _out last week. A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold C. sell;have been sold D. are sell; sold,A,6.Dont get that ink on your white shirt for it_. A. wont wash out B. doesnt wash away C isnt washing out D. hasnt washed away 7.They tried to get the car _, but it wont_. A. started; start B. to start

12、; start C.started;started D. to start; to start,A,A,助动词是“辅助性”动词，一般没有词义，不能单独 作谓语，但可用来帮助构成谓语，表示不同的时态， 语态，和数的变化。 常见的助动词有： （1）be (am, is, are, was, were, being, been) 与现在分词结合构成各种进行时态，或与过去分词结合构成被动语态。 Eg: Im looking for my pen. （现在进行时） What were you doing at this time yesterday?(过去进行时) These cups are made

13、 in China. （被动语态,三）助动词,2）have (has, had, having)与过去分词结合构成完成时。 Eg: They have known each other for twenty years.（现在完成时） He had built a chemistry lab for himself at the age of ten.（过去完成时） （3） 助动词do (does, did) 后只能跟动词原形，与not及其他动词结合构成否定句，或置于主语之前构成疑问句。 Eg: He does not speak English. When did he come back,

14、4）will (would), shall (should)： will能用于一般将来时的任何人称后；would是will的过去时，能用于过去将来时；两者后面都接动词原形。 Eg: The plane will arrive in ten minutes. 飞机十分中后将要到达。 I was sure that we would win.我确信用我们会赢。 shall与should这两个助动词本身没有词义，shall只能用于一般将来时的第一人称后；should是shall的过 去时，只能用于过去将来时的第一人称后；两者后面都接动词原形。 Eg: We shall meet at the sch

15、ool gate tomorrow. 我们明天将在校门口见。 I told them that I should do the work alone. 我告诉 他们我将独自做那项工作,情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。 情态动词的种类,四）情态动词,cant help but do=cant but do =have to do I cant help but tell him the truth. 1.-I usu

16、ally go there by train. -Why not_by boat for a change? A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going 2.-The light in the office is still on. -Oh,I forgot_. A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it off D.having turned it off,D,C,1) can的主要用法是： A. _： The girl can dance very well. B. _： C

17、an the news be true? C. _: Can I sit here,can 语气较正式,多在间接引语中表示过去的可能和允许,也可以表示现在的可能性，但是比may 表示的可能性更小，且might可以用于虚拟 语气，may不可以,might 的用法有: She said that he might take her bike. 她说他可以拿她的自行车去用。 You might get some help from her if she were here,1). I will tell you something important. 我将要告诉你一些重要的事,will would

18、nt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt,B,2. -Where is Emma? -I cant say for sure where she is, but she_ be out shopping. A. can B. should C. must D. may,D,3. The room is in a terrible mess; it _ cleaned. A. cant have been B. couldnt be C. may have been D. would be,A,4. How_ you sa

19、y that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? A. can B. must C. need D. may,A,5. What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette, cigar or pipe in this areas.” A. Will B. may C. shall D. must,C,6.Has Mr. Tom White arriv

20、ed? Yes, already _he wait outside or just come in? Shall B. May C. Could D. Must,A,7. -Jane has just come back from China and she looks happy. - She _ her trip very much. must enjoy B. must have enjoyed C. may enjoy D should have enjoyed,B,8. The terrible accident is under investigation. Actually ,

21、quicker action _those workers trapped in the mine. A. might have saved B. must have saved C. should have saved D. could have saved,D,9. He chose to teach in a western province, though he _in the city for a better life. could stay B. would stay C. could have stayed D. had stayed,C,10. We _ here at lu

22、nch time ; we were delayed at the airport, though. A. could be B. should be C. must have been D. would have been,D,11. How I wish I _ my mouth before I shouted at my um ! A. shut B. have shut C. had shut D. would shut,C,12. We must apply what we have learnt to our daily work because in no case _ fro

23、m practice. should theory separate B. should theory be separated C. theory should separate D. theory should be separated,B,13. Who has made a mess in my room? Who else _it but your naughty son? A. could do B. could have done C. should do D. Should have done,B,14. Its really a wonder that all the pas

24、sengers on board _ while the plane itself sank into the freezing Hudson River in New York. must have been saved should have been saved would be saved D. might be saved,B,15. You _ late for yesterday class meeting , as it was so important. couldnt be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. oughtnt to h

25、ave been,16. But for your timely warning, we _into great trouble. You know were friends. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. cant have got,D,C,1)insist 2)order, command 4)advise, suggest, propose , recommend 4)demand, ask, require, request 1.He ordered that we (should)leave at once. 2.Hi

26、s order that we (should) leave at once was right,延伸1：接虚拟语气的词,3.He insisted that his brother_ there. A.go B.went C.going D.to go 4.He insisted that he_ nothing wrong and _ set free. A.do;be B.had done;was C.had done;be D.did; was 5.His voice suggested that he_angry. A.is B.be C.was D.were 6.He sugges

27、ted that the boy _ sent to hospital at once. A.was B.be C.is D.were,A,C,C,B,口诀： 一坚持，二命令，三建议，四要求其宾语从句用“should+动词原形”，should既可以省略，should也可以保留。一坚持，即insist；二命令，即order, command；三建议，即suggest, propose, advise； 四要求，即ask, demand, require, request,go, come, leave, start, return, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, l

28、end, open,close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate,buy marry-be married seat-be seated hide-be hidden engage-be engaged die-be dead begin-be on join-be in borrow-keep come-be/stay leave-be away buy-have=have got,延伸2：瞬间非延续性动词,1.He died ten years ago,thats to say,he has _ for ten years. A.been died B.been dead C.died D.been dying 2.When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour. A.had gone B.had set off C.had left D.had been away,B,D,He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. The boy is so sick that he is dying fast. The bus is coming. The train is leaving,intend, mean ,hope, plan