for的用法完全归纳_第1页
for的用法完全归纳_第2页
for的用法完全归纳_第3页
for的用法完全归纳_第4页
for的用法完全归纳_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩2页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

1、for 的用法完全归纳用法 1: (表目的 )为了。 如:They went out for a walk. 他们出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干吗这样做?That s what were here for. 这正是我们来的目的。What s she gone for this time? 她这次去干什么去了?He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽车。 在通常情况下,英语不用 for doing sth 来表示目的。如:他去那儿看他叔叔。 误: He went there for seeing his uncle. 正: He

2、went there to see his uncle. 但是,若一个动名词已名词化,则可与 for 连用表目的。如: He went there for swimming. 他去那儿游泳。 (swimming 已名词化 ) 注意:若不是表目的,而是表原因、用途等,则其后可接动名词。 用法 2: (表利益 )为,为了。 如: What can I do for you? 你想要我什么? We study hard for our motherland. 我们为祖国努力学习。Would you please carry this for me? 请你替我提这个东西好吗?Do more exerc

3、ise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。(1)有些后接双宾语的动词(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare等 ),当双宾语易位时,通常用 for 来引出间接宾语,表示间接宾语为受益者。如:She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她为她女儿做了件连衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes fo

4、r us. 他为我们煮了些土豆。 注意,类似下面这样的句子必须用 for :He bought a new chair for the office. 他为办公室买了张新办公椅。(2)注意不要按汉语字面意思,在一些及物动词后误加介词for :他们决定在电视上为他们的新产品打广告。误: They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正: They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注:advertise可用作及物或不及物动词,但含义不同:advertise sth =为卖岀某物而

5、打广告;advertise for sth =为寻找某物而打广告。如: advertise for a job= 登广告求职。由于受汉语“为”的影响,而此处误加了介词for。类似地,汉语中的为人民服务”,说成英语是serve the people,而不是 serve for the people,为某人的死报仇”,说成英语是avenge sb s death,而不是 avenge for sb s death,等等。用法 3: ( 表用途 ) 用于,用来。 如:Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。This knife is for cut

6、ting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。It s a machine for slicing bread. 这是切面包的机器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 医生给了她一些感冒药。用法 4:为得到,为拿到,为取得。 如:He went home for his book. 他回家拿书。He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友请教。She often asked her parents for money. 她经常向父母要钱。We all hope for success. 我们都盼望成

7、功。Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要进来喝点茶?用法 5:给(某人),供(某人)用。 如: That s for you. 这是给你的。Here is a letter for you. 这是你的信。Have you room for me there? 你那边能给我腾出点地方吗? 用法 6: (表原因、理由 )因为,由于 。如:I am sorry for it. 对不起。Thank you for coming to see me. 谢谢你来看我。I couldn t speak for laughing. 我笑得说不出话来。He couldn t

8、sleep for joy. 他高兴得不能入睡。【用法说明】有些表原因的特殊结构不宜用介词 for 来引出,而用其他介词。如: 他由于努力工作而加了工资。误: For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise. 正: As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注:as a the result of是习语,意为由于的结果”。因为母亲不在家,她只好自己做饭。误: For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正:

9、With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.注:with+宾语+宾语补足语可用来表示原因,此时的 with不能换成for。类似地,下例中的with也不能换成 for:With all this work to do, I don t know if I ll have time to go out. 有这么多工作要做,我不知是否有时间出去。 我们祝贺你的成功。误: We congratulate you for your success.正: We congratulate you on your success.注:

10、congratulate 后习惯上接介词 on 表示原因。用法 7: (表目标、去向 )去。 如:Is this bus for Chicago? 这辆公共汽车开往芝加哥吗?Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow.明天他们动身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他们买东西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai? 这是开往上海的火车吗?Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必须在北京换车。【用法说明】比较 for与to,两者均可表示目的地,注意

11、以下区别: for 通常与 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等动词连用,而 to 则通常与 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等动词连用。如:We departed for London at 10 am. 我们上午 10 点动身去伦敦。for 通常只表示向着某目的地那个方向,并Then we drove to the station. 然后我们就开车去了车

12、站。 有时,同一个动词 (如 sail) 两者均可连用,但含义稍有差别:用 不强调到达的意思;而 to 含有到达某目的地的意思。如:They sailed for Shanghai. 他们开船驶往广州They sailed to Shanghai. 他们开船驶至广州。 若与名词连用,也有类似区别。如:There will be a train for Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。 There will be a train to Wuhan. 有开往武汉的火车。 顺便说一句,也有的辞书持几乎相反的观点,认为 表示的是假设将会到达的目的地。( 仅表示向武汉方向,但在武汉未必是停靠站)(开往武

13、汉方向,且在武汉停靠)(R56)for 与 to 表示目的地时, for 表示的是预定目的地,而to用法 8: (表时间、距离、数量等 )达,计 。如: I m going away for a few days. 我要走开几天。Ive been here for ten years. 我来这儿有 10 年了He walked for ten miles. 他走了 10 英里路The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店给我送来了一张 50 美元的账单。【用法说明】 for 用于表示时间或距离的长度( 尤其是紧跟在动词之后 )时,有时可省略。如:The meeting

14、 lasted (for) three days. 会议持续了 3 天。They walked (for) fifty miles. 他们走了 50 英里。 但是当 for 短语位于句首或在否定句中时 , for 通常不宜省去。如:For ten years he lived here. 他在这里住过 10 年。We have not heard from him for a long time. 我们很久没收到他的来信了。 用法 9:对,对于。 如:Eggs are good for you. 鸡蛋对你有好处。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上

15、看书对你的眼睛不好。 Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走运,火车也晚点了。【用法说明】关于 for与to表示“对来说”时的区别,参见to。用法 10: (表适合 )适于,适合 。如:Do you have any books for children? 你有适合小孩子看的书吗?He is the very person for the work. 他是最适合做这工作的人。Its a good place for a camp. 那是个露营的好地方。She bought some clothes for winter. 她买了些冬天穿

16、的衣服。用法11:(表交换)换,以作交换。女口:He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用几本杂志换她的字典。She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了 50 美元买这条裙子。I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角钱买了一磅苹果。Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬译。用法 12:作为,当作。 如:Dont take him for a fool. 别把他当傻瓜。He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把

17、一条绳子误认为是蛇。He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事实。The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都认为那些失踪的人已死了。【用法说明】用于此义时,有时相当于as, to be, as bei ng,但要注意不同句型的搭配习惯。如:I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他为人老实。It was built for as a pleasure boat. 这船建作游艇之用。 比较:He took her smile for agreeme

18、nt. 他把她的微笑视为同意。Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好吗?但在现代按传统语法,takefor 通常指误认为是,而 takeas to be则主要指正确地认为是英语中,有时并未完全遵守此规则。但是与 mistake连用的则通常是for而不是as。如:We mistook the house for a hotel. 我们把那房子误以为旅馆。用法 13: (表支持、赞成 )支持,赞成 。如:Are you for or against the plan ?你是支持还是反对这个计划?Im all for the young enjoy

19、ing themselves. 我完全赞成年轻人多玩玩。 用法14:(表基准)就来说,以而言,作为。如:Hes done well for a beginner. 作为新手,他干得很好。He is heavy for a small boy. 作为一个小男孩而言,他的身体算重的了。She was short for her age. 就她的年龄来说,个子是矮了点。The day is cool for July. 在 7 月里这样的日子算是凉快的了。用法15 :(表比例)每就。女口:Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要

20、种三棵树。He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敌人与朋友之比为一比一百。For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每 5 个人及格,就有 2 个不及格。For every mistake you make, you ll lose half a mark. 你每犯一个错误,就要扣去半分。 【用法说明】用于此义时,通常与 each, every 或数词连用。用法 16 :代表,代替,代理。 如:What s the English for “中国” ? 英语里“中国”怎么说?What

21、 s the “C” for in “ BBC” ? BBC 中的 C 代表什么?Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。Let me do it for you. 让我替你做吧。The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在审案期间由律师代表他行事。用法 17:(表安排的时间 )在,于。 如:The appointment is for 10:30. 约会定在十点半。We ve invited our guests for 7 o clock. 我们已邀请我们的客人 7 点钟来。We ve booked our holiday for t

22、he second week in July. 我们的假期安排在七月份的第二个星期。The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次会议已定于 5月 10日举行。【用法说明】 用于此义时, for 主要指安排或约定的时间,所以像下面两例中的介词at,in 就不能换成 for。如:He gets up at six every day. 他每天 6 点钟起床。He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于 1988 年 9 月。 用法 18: (表让步 )尽管,虽然。 如:For all his money,

23、he s a very lonely man. 他虽然富有,可是非常寂寞。For all his efforts, he didn t succeed. 尽管他做了很多努力,却仍然没有成功。I love you, for all your shortcomings. 尽管你有很多缺点,但我仍然爱你。 【用法说明】用于此义时,通常与 all 连用。 (见上例 ) 用法 19:(与不定式连用引出逻辑上的主语)。如:It is for you to decide. 该由你来决定。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我们能在一起。Is there an

24、y need for me to go? 我有没有必要去?He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他说得太快,她跟不上。It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他这么快就离开这里真是遗憾。It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己过马路很危险。For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座桥像那样倒塌是不可想像的。 【用法说明】 (1) 下面两句同义,但以

25、第一句为普通。如:老人快跑是危险的。正: It is dangerous for an old man to run fast.正: For an old man to run fast is dangerous.(2)有时可表目的。如:I ve sent my coat away for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 为了增加销量,我们必须降低价格。(3)有时用于 than 后引出不定式的逻辑主语。如:There s nothing worse than for a pe

26、rson to il-ltreat a child. 没有什么比虐待小孩更恶劣的了。own 的用法形容词 adj.1. 自己的 I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我亲眼看到这次事故的全过程。2. 特有的及物动词 vt. 1. 有 ,拥有He owns three cars. 他有三辆汽车。2. 承认 +(that) She owned that she had neglected her duty. 她承认自己玩忽职守。 不及物动词 vi.1. 承认 (+to) She owned to having known形容词 own( 自己的 ,特

27、有的 )常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词one s (my / our / your / his / her / its / their) 一起使用 ,以加强语气。使用 own 时应注意下面几点 :1. 如果被修饰的名词前没有 a, any, some, no, this, that 等限定词修饰时 , 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+own 直接前置修饰该名词。例如 :This is not my uncle s own这不是我叔叔自己的房子。She makes all her own clothes. 她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。2. 如果被修饰名词前面已经有 a, any, some, n

28、o, this, that 等限定词修饰时 ,名词所有格或形容词性物主代词+own 就要与 of 构成短语一起放在该名词后面作后置定语。例如 : She has a mind of her own. 她颇有主见。An cie nt Chi nese created this medical scie nee of Chi na古代中国人创OW了这样一种中国所特有的医学。I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so. 我有些想这么干的理由。3. 除上面所讲的 own 常和名词所有格或形容词性物主代词一起搭配,具有形容词性做定语的情况外,该结

29、构还具有名词性 ,可以作宾语、表语、宾语补足语。例如:The workers took him as one of their own. ( 介词宾语 )Why buy clothes when you can make your own more cheaply. ( 动词宾语 )We should m ake what we ve learnt our own as soon as possib宾语补足语 )I won t accept her gift because it isn表语 )t her own. (4. 名词所有格或形容词性物主代词 + own 中间还可以加 very 来加

30、重语气 ,表示“完全属某人所有 ”。例如 : You may keep the pamphlet for your very own. 这本小册子你完全可以保留着自己使用。 Do you like the soup? 你喜欢这种汤吗 ? The recipe is my very own. 这完全是按照我自己的烹饪法烧煮的。5. 含有 own 的习语搭配归纳 :be one s own man (woma不受他人影响自己拿主意;自己做主come into one s 得w到自己应得的东西(如声誉,信用);进入繁盛期hold one s ow守住;不被打败;坚持住;支撑住call sth. on

31、e 声称w某物为自己所有have (keep) sth. for one把棊物据为己有(all) on one saw独(自地;独立地;凭自己力量;主动地;自愿地way 的用法名词 n.I. 路,道路CCan you show me the way to the Post Office?你能否告诉我去邮局的路?3. 路程,距离the Slts a long way to the railroad station.到火车站路程很远。4. 方法 ,方式 C(+to-v)Scientistsare trying to find ways to prevent disease. 科学家们正试图找到防止

32、疾病的方法。5. 风俗 ,作风 Cl did not like the way he talked to me. 我不喜欢他跟我讲话的方式。6. 方面 ,点 Their plan is recommendable in many ways. 他们的计划在许多方面都是可取的。7. 路途 ,路线 SDo you know the way to the post office? 你知道去邮局怎么走吗 ?8. 供通过的地方 ;活动范围 ;余地 the S9. 愿望,意愿 lf l had my way, ld go to the movies tonight. 假如我做得到的话 ,我今晚会去看电影。I

33、I. 状况;健康状况 Slm afraid shes in a bad way. 我想她是生病了。复合形 comb.form ( 构成形容词或副词 )1. 表示沿方向(的)(如:sideway)2.表示.向(的)(如:a two-way radio双向无线电)表示“方式”、 “方法”,注意以下用法:1. 表示用某种方法或按某种方式,通常用介词in。如:Do it (i n) your ow n way.按你自己的方法做吧。2. 表示做某事的方式或方法,其后可接不定式或of doing sth 。如:It s the best way of studying to study English.这

34、是学习英语的最好方法。3. 其后通常可直接跟一个定语从句(不用任何引导词 ),也可跟由 that 或 in which 引导的定语从句,但是其后的从句不能由 how 来引导。如:我不喜欢他说话的态度。正:I dontlike the way he spoke. 正: I don tlikethe way that he spoke.正: I don t like the way in which he spoke.误:I don t like the way how he spoke.4. 注意以下各句 the way 的用法:That s the way (=how) he spoke那就是

35、他说话的方式。 I think he is taking an active part insocial work. I agree with you.A、in a wayB、on the wayC、by the wayD、in the way 此题答案选 A。一、in a way 的用法 表示:在一定程度上,从某方面说。如:In a way he was right. 在某种程度上他是对的。 注: in a way 也可说成 in one way 。二、on the way 的用法1、 表示:即将来 (去),就要来 (去)。如:Spring is on the way. 春天快到了。Id b

36、etter be on my way soon. 我最好还是快点儿走。Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way. 无线电预报说将有六级大风。2、 表示:在路上,在行进中。如:He stopped for breakfast on the way. 他中途停下吃早点。We had some good laughs on the way. 我们在路上好好笑了一阵子。3、表示: (婴儿 )尚未出生。如: She has two children with another one on the way. 她有两个孩子,现在还怀着一个。

37、Shes got five children , and another one is on the way.她已经有 5 个孩子了,另一个又快生了。三、by the way 的用法1、 表示:在途中的路旁。如:They stopped for a picnic by the way. 他们途中停在路边野餐。2、 表示:顺便说,顺便问如: By the way ,do you know where Mary lives? 顺便问一下,你知道玛丽住在 哪里吗 ?“Freddys had another crash.”,“yeOs?hPoor old chap.By theway,have you

38、 heard from Joan recently? 弗雷”迪“又撞车了。 ”是吗?可怜的老伙计。顺便问一声,你最近收到琼的信了吗?”四、in the way 的用法 表示:挡路,碍事。如:Im afraid your car is in the way ,恐怕你的汽车挡道了。lt you are not going to help ,at least dont get in the way. 如果你不愿帮忙,至少你不要妨碍人家。注:in the way有时也可说成 in sbs way。如:Youll have to move youre in my way. 你得挪一挪,你挡我的路了。Pl

39、ease dont stand in the kitchen door youre in my way. 请别站在厨房门口 你挡了我的路。follow 的用法及物动词 vt.1. 跟随 My dog follows me to school. 我的狗跟着我去上学。The?boy?followed?his?father?out.? 孩子跟着他父亲走了出去。 ? He?followed?the?passengers?onto?the?train.? ? 他随着旅客一道上了火车。 ? ? You?go?first?and?Ill?follow.? ? 你先走,我跟着就来。2. 接在 .之后 Nigh

40、t follows day. 黑夜接着白天。3. 沿着 .行进 Follow this road to the bridge. 沿这条路一直走到桥边。 ?Follow?the?road?until?you?come?to?the?post?office,?and?you?will?find?the?library?around?the?corner.? 顺 着 马 路走到邮政局,拐弯的地方就是图书馆。 ?Follow?this?road?until?you?get?to?the?bridge,then?turn?left.? 沿着这条路走到桥头,再向左转弯。4. 追赶 ;追逐 ;追求 The

41、dogs followed the fox. 这些狗一齐追赶着那狐狸。5. 注视 ;密切注意 The cat followed every movement of the mouse. 猫注视着老鼠的每一个动作。6. 倾听7. 听懂 ;领会Do you follow me? 你听懂我的话了吗 ? I?couldnt?follow?that?French?film.? ? 那个法国电影我听不懂。 ?I?didnt?quite?follow;?could?you?explain?it?again? 我不太明白,请再解释一遍好吗?8. 听从 ;采用 ;信奉 Follow my advice. 听我的

42、劝告。?I?followed?your?advice.? ? 我听了你的劝告。 ? You?must?follow?the?teachings?of?your?teachers.? 你们必须听从老师们的教导。 ?9. 因 .而产生 Disease often follows malnutrition. 疾病常常起因于营养不良。10. 从事 (职业等 ) What?profession?do?you?follow? 你从事何种职业? 不及物动词 vi.1. 跟随 He leads; we follow. 他带路 ;我们跟随。2. 接着3. 听懂 ;领会4. 结果产生 He is wrong, but it does not fol

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论