国际贸易双语教案问题答案

1、CHAPTER 7GROWTH AND TRADEObjectives of the ChapterIn this chapter, the Heckscher-Ohlin model of international trade is extended to include growth in the en dowme nt of a country factors of producti on and tech no logical improveme nts. The impact of economic growth on international trade will depend

2、 on whether the growth is balaneed in all goods or is biased toward one good, and on whether the country experie ncing growth is large or small.An interesting result emerges from the interaction of growth and international trade: g rowth in one s own country may not be an unmitigated blessing. First

3、, as the Rybczynski theorem shows, growth in one sector can cause product ion in non-grow ing sectors to decli ne. Second, un der certa in con diti ons, export- biased growth may lead to an adverse terms of trade effect, and n ati onal well-be ing may actually decli ne.After readi ng Chapter 7 you s

4、hould be able to1. show how trade patter ns are in flue need by the source of econo mic growth.2. show how econo mic growth can cha nge the product ion patter ns of a coun try.3. discuss how growth affects the terms of trade and the well-be ing of the country experie ncing it.4. relate the rate of g

5、rowth in a country to its openness to international trade.Importa nt Con ceptsDutch disease:A famous example of the phe nomenon described by the Rybcz yn ski theorem. The term was used to describe a problem experieneed by the Netherlands, in which the discovery of new natural gas fields was thought

6、to have led to a decli ne in the product ion of manu factured goods.Immiseriz ing growth:In a large tradi ng country which is heavily depe ndent on trade, growth in the export sector may lead to a deterioration in its terms of trade large eno ugh to reduce the country s welfare.Product cycle hypothe

7、sis:Predicts that as the tech no logy of a product becomes more sta ndardized and static, product ion shifts from high-skilled labor coun tries to coun tries abundant in low-cost, low-skilled labor.Rybcz yn ski theorem:In a two-product world with con sta nt prices, the growth of one factor of produc

8、ti on results in a decrease in the output of the product that does not use this factor inten sively.Small/large country assumpti on:A small country has no impact on in ter nati onal commodity prices; a large country can have an impact on intern ati onal prices.Warm-up Questi onsTrue or False? Expla

9、in.1. T / F A country which is “large ” may improve its terms of trade by investing in the growth ofthe import-competi ng sector rather tha n in the export sector.2. T / F Growth in a small country, by definition, will leave the terms of trade unchanged.3. T / F Adolesce nee is an example of“ immise

10、riz ing growth. ”4. T / F Growth in a country factors of product ion always makes the country more selfsufficient and less reliant on international trade.5. T / F A country that isolates itself from the rest of the world may doom its citize ns to a lowersta ndard of liv ing.Multiple Choice1. “ Rapid

11、 accumulati on of new capital in a fastgrow ing tradi ng country can make the country import more natural res ources. ” This statement is implied by theA. Heckscher-Ohli n theorem.B. Stolper-Samuels on theorem.C. Rybcz yn ski theorem.D. factor price equalizati on theorem.2. Accord ing to trade theor

12、y, if a n ati on has a comparative adva ntage in a capital-inten sively produced good, and the rate of growth of capital is greater tha n the rate of growth of other in puts (e.g., labor), the patter n of growth which results will beA. import-replaci ng.B. n eutral as betwee n capital-inten sive and

13、 other products.C. export-expa nding.D. none of the above.3. A n ecessary con diti on for immiseriz ing growth is that theA. country s growth is biased toward the export sector.B. foreig n dema nd for the country s export is price elastic.C. country s consumption pBeences are heavily biased in favor

14、 of the export good.D. level of trade is not a significant part of the country s economy.senQCQOJLe4. The Heckscher-Ohli n theory successfully expla ins theA. product-innovation process and the location of industries in countries other than the United States.B. rising importa nee of a country both e

15、xport ing and import ing the same product.C. risi ng trade betwee n the Uni ted States and Can ada because both are similar in factor en dowme nts.D. trade patter ns betwee n in dustrialized coun tries and the develop ing coun tries, which differ in factor en dowme nts.5. Which of the followi ng is

16、most likely to un dergo a product cycle?A. Rice.B. Televisi on sets.C. Crude oil.D. Min erals.Problems1. Back to our coun tries of Lein ster and Saxony. PPCs for each of the coun tries are draw n on thefollowi ng graph with the free trade price of 0.25 teleph on es/loaf in dicated. (From this questi

17、 on forward, you should con sider Lein ster a“large country ” and Saxony a “ small country.Figure 7.1SaxonyLein sterPrice =0.25 teleph ones per loafBreadIoPrice =0.25 teleph ones per loafBread Suppose that Saxony discovers a way of irrigating previously arid land.a. What would you expect to happen t

18、o the volume of trade between Leinster and Saxony?b. What would happen to the level of economic well-being in Saxony as a result of the growth it experienced after the expansion of irrigation?Suppose, instead, that a plague wipes out 20 percent of Leinster s labor force.c. What would you expect to h

19、appen to the volume of trade between Leinster and Saxony?d. What would happen to the level of economic well-being in Leinster after the population decline?2. Assume that Canada exports land-intensive wheat and imports cloth that uses unskilled laborintensively, even though Canada does make some clot

20、h at home. If a major breakthrough in biotechnology doubles Canadas ability to grow wheat, and if the extra wheat supply lowers theworld price of wheat (in yards of cloth per bushel of wheat),a. will this set of events make Canada better off or worse off as a nation?b. will this set of events make t

21、he rest of the world better off or worse off?c. will these events raise or lower the real wage rate of unskilled Canadian laborers?If, instead, the rest of the world s labor supplytsdloaunbdlessupwphliylerei mains the same,d. will this event and its effects make Canada better off or worse off as a n

22、ation?3. The trade minister for Saxony is a nationalist, a mercantilist, an isolationist, and nearly everyother kind of“ ist ” you can think of. She shtaesdstuhgagt eSaxony close its doors to telephoneimports from Leinster. Focusing on the role of technology in economic growth, try to talk her out o

23、f her anti-import stance.4. Suppose Kazakhstan is land- and unskilled-labor abundant and capital- and skilled-labor scarce.a. According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, what type of goods will Kazakhstan export, and what type will it import?b. Suppose that Kazakhstan wants to achieve“ import replacing

24、” growth. What change in itsendowments would achieve this growth? If Kazakhstan were large, what would be the effect on its terms of trade?5. Some oil executives are urging Congress to open up the wildlife preserves in the Arctic region ofAlaska to oil exploration. If, indeed, huge new oil reserves are discovered there, a. what is