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1、夕卜文出处： Farhadi, A. (2008). Modeli ng, simulatio n, and reducti on of con ducted electromag netic in terfere nee due to a pwm buck type switch ing power supply. Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2008. ICHQP 2008. 13th In ternatio nal Co nference on, 1 - 6.Modeling, Simulation, and Reduction of Conducte

2、d ElectromagneticInterference Due to a PWM Buck Type Switching Power Supply IA. FarhadiAbstract:Un desired gen erati on of radiated or con ducted en ergy in electrical systems is called Electromagnetic Interferenee (EMI). High speed switching frequency in power electronics con verters especially in

3、switch ing power supplies improves efficie ncy but leads to EMI. Differe nt kind of con ducted in terfere nee, EMI regulati ons and con ducted EMI measureme nt are in troduced in this paper. Compliancy with national or international regulation is called Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC). Power ele

4、ctronic systems producers must regard EMC. Modeling and simulation is the first step of EMC evaluation. EMI simulation results due to a PWM Buck type switching power supply are presented in this paper. To improve EMC, some techniques are in troduced and their effective ness proved by simulati on.Ind

5、ex Terms :Con ducted, EMC, EMI, LISN, Switchi ng SupplyI. INTRODUCTIONFAST semic on ductors make it possible to have high speed and high freque ncy switch ing in11power electro nics 1: High speed switch ing causes weight and volume reduction of equipme nt,2 but some unwan ted effects such as radio f

6、reque ncy in terfere nee appeared - . Complia nee withelectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations is necessary for producers to present theirf products to the markets. It is important to take EMC aspects already in design phase -Modeli ng and simulati on is the most effective tool to an alyze EM

7、C con sideratio n beforedeveloping the products. A lot of the previous studies concerned the low frequency analysis of訂5 power electronics components 4 5 . Different types of power electronics converters are capableto be con sidered as source of EMI. They could propagate the EMI in both radiated and

8、 con ductedforms. Line Impedanee Stabilization Network (LISN) is required for measurement and calculationof con ducted in terfere nee level6 .Interferenee spectrum at the output of LISN is introduced asthe EMC evaluation criterion7 8.National or international regulations are the references forthe ev

9、aluation of equipment in point of view of EMCd8iII. SOURCE, PATH AND VICTIM OF EMIUn desired voltage or curre nt is called in terfere nee and their cause is called in terfere nee source .In this paper a high-speed switch ing power supply is the source of in terfere nee.In terfere nee propagated by r

10、adiati on in area around of an in terfere nee source or by con ducti on through com mon cabli ng or wiri ng connections. In this study con ducted emissi on is con sidered only. Equipme nt such as computers, receivers, amplifiers, in dustrial con trollers, etc that are exposed to in terfere nee corru

11、pti on are called victims. The com mon conn ecti ons of eleme nts, source lines and cabli ng provide paths for con ducted no ise or in terfere nee. Electromag netic con ducted in terfere nee has two comp onents as differe ntial mode and com mon mode 91A. Differe ntial mode con ducted in terfere neeI

12、 dmChassisFig 1. Differential mode conducted interference pathThis mode is related to the noise that is imposed between different lines of a test circuit by aInoise source. Related current path is shown in Fig. 1- . The interferenee source, pathimpeda nces, differe ntial mode curre nt and load imped

13、a nee are also show n in Fig. 1.B. Common mode con ducted in terfere neeCommon mode no ise or in terfere nee could appear and impose betwee n the lin es, cables or conn ecti ons and com mon gro und. Any leakage curre nt betwee n load and com mon ground could be modeled by in terfere nee voltage sour

14、ce.Fig. 2 dem on strates the com mon mode in terfere nee source, com mon mode eurre nts I ” and em1Icm2 and the related current paths9】. The power electronics converters perform as noise source betwee n lines of the supply n etwork. In this study differe ntial mode of con ducted in terfere nee is pa

15、rticularly important and discussion will be continued considering this mode only.Fig.丄 Conmion mode conducted interference pathiIII. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATIONSApplicati on of electrical equipme nt especially static power electr onic con verters in differe nt equipment is increasing mo

16、re and more. As mentioned before, power electronics converters are con sidered as an importa nt source of electromag netic in terfere nee and have corrupt ing effects on2the electric networks - . High level of pollution resulting from various disturbances reduces the quality of power in electric net

17、works. On the other side some residential, commercial and especially medical con sumers are so sen sitive to power system disturba nces in cludi ng voltage and frequency variations. The best solution to reduce corruption and improve power quality is complying national or international EMC regulation

18、s. CISPR, IEC, FCC and VDE are among the most famous orga ni zati ons from Europe, USA and Germa ny who are resp on sible for determ ining and publishing the most important EMC regulations. IEC and VDE requirement and limitations on门9con ducted emissi on are show n in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.For differe n

19、t groups of con sumers differe nt classes of regulati ons could be complied. Class Afor com mon con sumers and class B with more hard limitati ons for special con sumers are separated in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. Frequency range of limitation is different for IEC and VDE that are150 kHz up to 30 MHz and 10

20、 kHz up to 30 MHz respectively. Complianee of regulations is evaluated by comparis on of measured or calculated con ducted in terfere nee level in the men ti oned frequency range with the stated requirements in regulations. In united European community complia nee of regulati on is man datory and pr

21、oducts must have certified label to show coveri ng of8requireme nts908070606040I H I If160KHz 450KHz 500KHz 1.705MIIz 5MHz30MHzFig. 3. IEC conducted eiuission limitsIV. ELECTROMAGNETIC CONDUCTED INTERFERENCE MEASUREMENTA. Line Impedance Stabilization Network (LISN)- -”*7ClassA1S-9-= 1 im一 ClassB1201

22、00aoco4020oWKHiSlOOKHz10MHzIOCMHkFig. 4. VDE coiiducted emission limits1-Providing a low impedanee path to transfer power from source to power electronics con verter and load.2-Provid ing a low impeda nee path from in terfere nee source, here power electr onics con verter, to measureme nt port.Conve

23、rterL*adFig 5 LISN platenient ro measure conducted iate匚性代dc亡B. LISN TopologyThe couunon topology for LISN is shown in Fig. 6 7.Fig. 6. LISa common topologyIOC10Cumo.jio4能1二cco Fr-IQKilzlOOKHaIUHe10liH7 WEIiFig 7, LISN impedance veruq. freqvietKyVariation of LISN impeda nee versus freque ncy with th

24、e men ti oned topology is prese nted inFig. 7. LISN has stabilized impeda nee in the range of con ducted EMI measureme nt7Variation of level of signal at the output of LISN versus frequency is the spectrum of in terfere nee. The electromag netic compatibility of a system can be evaluated by comparis

25、 on of its in terfere nee spectrum with the sta ndard limitati ons. The level of sig nal at the output of LISN in frequency range 10 kHz up to 30 MHz or 150 kHz up to 30 MHz is criterion of compatibility and should be under the standard limitations. In practical situations, the LISN output is connec

26、ted to a spectrum an alyzer and in terfere nee measureme nt is carried out. But for modeli ng and simulati on purposes, the LISN output spectrum is calculated using appropriate software.第7页共13页基于压降型 PWM 开关电源的建模、 仿真和减少传导性电磁干扰 摘要： 电子设备之中杂乱的辐射或者能量叫做电磁干扰 (EMI) 。尤其是在 开关电源中的电力电子转换器经常高速切换时， 虽然提高了工作效率， 却导致转

27、 换器产生了电磁干扰。 在这篇论文之中介绍了各种各样的传导干扰， 电磁干扰规 章以及传导性电磁干扰的测量。 如果电子设备的电磁干扰符合国家或者国际规章 称为电磁兼容性( EMC )。电力电子系统生产商一定要重视电子设备的电磁兼 容性。电磁兼容性评估的第一步就是建模和仿真。 在这篇论文中提出了基于压降 型脉宽调制开关电源的电磁干扰仿真结果。为了提高电子设备的电磁兼容性,在论文中介绍了一些技术，并且通过仿真提高了电子设备的工作效率。关键字： 传导，电磁兼容性，电磁干扰，线路阻抗稳定网络，开关电源、尸、 亠一 . 前言在电力电子领域中， 快速半导体的出现使高速度， 高频率的开关切换成为了 可能1 。

28、高速的开关造成设备的重量和体积的减少，但与此同时这也造成了一些 不利的影响，比如无线频率的干扰 2 。生产商将生产的产品投放到市场，遵守电 磁兼容性规章是必要的。在设计阶段考虑电磁兼容性问题是非常重要的 3。在开 发产品前， 建模和仿真是分析电磁兼容性最有效的工具。 许多以前的研究都有涉 及到电力电子元件的低频分析 45 。不同类型的电力电子转换器都能够被用来当 做电磁的干扰源。 电磁干扰源可以通过辐射和传导两种方式来传播。 线路阻抗稳 定网络被用来测量和计算电磁干扰影响的程度 6。线路阻抗稳定网络输出的干扰 频谱被引为电磁兼容性的评估标准 7,8。国家或国际规章是电子设备电磁兼容性 评估的一

29、个参考的方面 78。二、来源，途径和电磁干扰的受害者杂乱的电压或者电流被称为干扰， 而它们的来源被称为干扰源。 本论文中的 干扰源就是一个高速的开关电源。 干扰通过辐射的方式在干扰源周围传播或通过 和常见的电缆或电线连接进行传导。 在这项研究中只考虑传导发射设备， 如电脑， 接收器，放大器，工业控制器等。这些被干扰源辐射的设备被称为受害者。常见 的元素，源头接线， 布线为噪声以及干扰的传导提供了途径。 电磁传导干扰有差 模和共模两种干扰方法 9 。A.差模传导干扰这种模式就是将一个噪声源的噪声施加到一个测试电路的不同线路。它的电路如下图1所示。在图1中也显示了干扰源，路径阻抗，差模电流以及负载

30、阻 抗。第14页共13页B.常见的干扰方式共模噪声或干扰可能出现在电线或者电缆的连接点。 负载和接地点的任意泄 露都可以被认为是电压干扰源。图 2演示了共模干扰源在共模电流为 Icm1和 Icm2时相关的电流路径9。电力电子转换器可以被用来作为供应网络线路之间的 噪音源。在这项研究中不同的传导干扰模式是非常重要的，所以讨论只会在这种模式下被继续考虑。三、电磁兼容性规章电子设备的应用，特别是那些拥有静态电力电子转换器的电子设备越来越多。就像前面讲的一样，电力电子转换器被视为一个重要的电磁干扰源，并能使电网产生腐坏。各种各样的干扰造成的高污染降低了电网电能的质量。 另一方面， 一些住宅，广告，特别是医疗器件对电力系统的电压及频率变化的干扰非常敏感。 最好的解决干扰和提高电能质量的方法就是遵守国家或国际电