2011.09.01第00章+分生绪论(第一次课)

1、1,医学分子生物学 Medical Molecular Biology,Honghua Zheng Department of biochemistry & molecular biology Tel:E-mail: ,2,医学分子生物学人民卫生出版社，药立波主编 Molecular Biology， Robert F.Weaver, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. ，2000（影印版，科学出版社） 现代分子生物学（第二版），朱玉贤、李毅编著，高等教育出版社，2002,Reference books,3,The greatest intelle

2、ctual revolution of the last 40 years may have taken place in biology.Can anyone be considered educated today who does not understand a little about molecular biology? -F.H.Westheimer,4,The relationship between biochemistry and molecular biology Biochemistry major in biological phenomena from the ch

3、emistry angle, especially on the structure and metabolism changes of the various living creature molecules. Molecular biology emphasizes the essence of the life-Mainly research the structure and function of huge molecules (nucleic acid and protein), delivering and regulation of gene information,5,V.

4、 Application of Medical molecular biology,I. Whats medical molecular biology,IV. The future of Medical molecular biology,Introduction,III. The development of medical molecular biology,II. The contents of medical molecular biology,6,I. Whats medical molecular biology,7,The molecular biology is scienc

5、e that researches biological phenomena, life essence and life activity and its law at the molecular level. It is an theory and technique system formed at the molecular level, which is called molecular biology. The birth of molecular biology can match with the discovery of cell and the establishing o

6、f Theory of Evolution . It is one of the greatness achievements of natural science in 20th century,1. Molecular biology,8,2. Medical molecular biology,Medical science molecular biology researches the life activity and its law under the normal and abnormal condition of human. It studies the preventio

7、n, diagnosis and cure of human diseases from the molecule horizontal,The basic medical science is the foundation of the whole medical science, while the medical molecular biology links the basic medical science and its each sub-branch with clinical medical science like a string,9,II. The contents of

8、 medical molecular biology,10,1. The structure & function of gene & genome,3. Cells communication & cell signaling,4. Gene analysis, preparation, regulation and application,5. The molecular mechanism of growth, development, aging &death ect,6. The molecular mechanism of diseases,2. The store, replic

9、ation , expressing & regulation of genetic information,11,12,III. The development of medical molecular biology,In 1865, Gregor Mendel published Mendelian inheritance (孟德尔遗传定律,Garden pea,Inheritance occurred through blending of each trait of the parents in the offspring,Inheritance is particulate（微粒，

10、微粒的）. Each parent contributes particles, or genetic units, to the offspring,1822-1884,/RC/AB/BC/Gregor_Mendel.html,Gregor Mendel,In 1910, Thomas Hunt Morgan provided the first definitive evidence for the Chromosome theory of inheritance,1933 Nobel Prize in Physiology/ M

11、edicine for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity（遗传）, demonstrated that genes are on the chromosome,fruit fly ( Drosophia melanogaster,1866-1945,/scientists/morgan.htm,The discovery of DNA,1869, Friedrich Miescher discovered nuclein and the

12、 major component of nuclein is DNA,1844-1895,http:/www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/index2.html,The Composition of Genes,1944, Oswald Avery demonstrated that the chromosome is composed of DNA. Not RNA or protein,Frederick Griffith 肺炎球菌转化试验,1877-1955,/dnaftb/concept_17/con1

13、7bio.html,The discovery of DNA,1869, Friedrich Miescher discovered nuclein and the major component of nuclein is DNA,1844-1895,http:/www.fmi.ch/members/marilyn.vaccaro/ewww/index2.html,Rosalind Frankin,核与磷酸连接成的扭曲绳子，每一节上都有配对的碱基,1951. Kings Lab. London University UK,M. H. F. Wilkins,Xray photograph of

14、 DNA with high quality,James Watson (34y) Francis Crick (46y) Maurice Wilkins (46y,1962 Nobel Prize,In the early 1960s Marshall Nirenberg Gobind Khorana Robert W. Holley,1968 Nobel Prize in Medicine,1927,1922,1922,For their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis,22,

15、One gene-one enzyme,23,桑格 Sanger,吉尔伯特 Gilbert,伯格 Berg,1980 Sanger （英） Gilbert & Berg（英,酶法核苷酸测序的设计者,化学测序法的设计者,DNA重组，在细菌中表 达胰岛素 DNA重组技术的元老,Sanger还由于测定了牛胰岛素的一级结构而获得1958年诺贝尔化学奖,24,1989 Altman （加） Cech（美,Founder of Ribozyme（核酶,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980,For their contributions concerning the deter

16、mination of base sequences in nucleic acids,Walter Gilbert,Frederick Sanger,1932,1918,The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1989,Ror their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA Ribozyme,Sidney Altman,Thomas R. Cech,Yale University New Haven, CT, USA,University of Colorado Boulder, CO, USA,1939,1947,Kary B

17、. Mullis,1944,For his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method,1997，The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine,For his discovery of Prions a new biological principle of infection,Stanley B. Prusiner Univ. of California, School of Medicine USA 1942,29,30,IV. The future of Medical molecu

18、lar biology,31,Two major directions of the current medical molecular biology,1） Constantly put the theory and techniques deepen,2） Kept touch with and integrate with other subjects,32,The four frontier research fields at present,1） Structural molecular biology （2） Human Genomic Project （3）Gene expre

19、ssion and regulation （4）Signal transduction,33,1） Structural molecular biology Biological function depends on the structure. Only biomacromolecules have a specific space solid structure ,namely three dimensional structure ,can they have physical capabilities,34,2） Human Genomic Project TheHuman Geno

20、me Project(HGP) is an internationalscientific researchproject with a primary goal of determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make upDNA, and of identifying and mapping the approximately 20,00025,000genesof thehuman genomefrom both a physical and functional standpoint,35,Post-genomics i

21、ncludes: 1） Functional Genomics 2） proteomics 3） comparative genomics 4）cells plan 5） Bioinformatics and biochip,36,3） Gene expression and regulatory research Gene expressionis the process by which information from ageneis used in the synthesis of a functionalgene product. These products are oftenpr

22、oteins, but in non-protein coding genes such asribosomal RNA (rRNA),transfer RNA (tRNA)or small nuclear RNA (snRNA)genes, the product is a functionalRNA,37,4） Signal transduction Signal transductionis the process by which an extracellular signaling molecule activates a membrane receptor, that in tur

23、n alters intracellular molecules creating a response. There are two stages in this process: a signalling molecule activates a certain receptor on the cell membrane, causing a second messenger to continue the signal into the cell and elicit a physiological response. In either step, the signal can be

24、amplified, meaning that one signaling molecule can cause many responses,38,39,V. Application of Medical molecular biology,40,1. Applied in medical basic theory research,2. Applied in gene diagnosis,3. Applied in gene therapy,4. Applied in bioengineering and biopharmaceuticals,5. Applied in Preventiv

25、e Medicine,41,1. The basis of cell molecular biology,Thecellis the structural and functional basic unit oflife. So cell molecular biologys research is omnibearing, but on the whole it comes down to two aspects: 1)How gene and gene products control cells important life activities, such as growth, dif

26、ferentiation, decrepitude and so on. 2)How gene products and other biomolecules assemble highly organized cell structures and make cells carry on ordered life activities,42,Gene diagnosis is the detection of genetic disorders by DNA analysis. New gene diagnosis methods make it possible to find the c

27、hromosomal location of genes that are responsible for neurological and psychiatric conditions and to identify structural changes in these genes that are responsible for causing disease. This information can be quite useful for identifying individuals that carry faulty genes,2. Gene diagnosis,43,1）Di

28、agnose genetic diseases by medical molecular biology technology, PCR or Southern blot,2）diagnose infectious diseases by molecular hybridization and PCR,3） detect point mutation of oncogene and anti-oncogene by applying PCR/ASO or PCR-SSCP, you can detect point mutation of oncogene and anti-oncogene,

29、4） carry on medicolegal expertise by southern blot and genetic chip,44,With the development of gene therapy basic research, now gene therapy is not only applied in single-gene genetic diseases , but also some polygene genetic diseases, for example : polygenetic diseases malignant tumor Some infectious diseases, such as AIDS