高考中定语从句的常见考点类型

1、学习好资料欢迎下载高考中定语从句的常见考点类型关系词的选择 定语从句的关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词两大类。关系代词起着代词和连词的作用， 而关系副词起着副词（或介词短语）和连词的作用。关系代词that、which、who（m） 、whose 引导定语从句1）关系代词that只能用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语或宾语（不可作介词的宾语）。例如：Do you still remember the chicke nfarm we visited three mon thsago?（2005 北京春）A. whereB. when C. that D. what解析：C。先行词是the chic

2、ken farm ，定语从句缺宾语， 所以应用关系代词 that、which 或省略关系代词，选 C。本题所给选项中， where、when都是关系副词，而 what不能指代 地点。2）关系代词which可引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语或宾语，指代整个主句或主句中的部分内容；此时，其引导的定语从句一般位于主句后面，常译为这（那）件事”。例如：His movie won several awards at the film festival, was beyond hiswildest dream. （2007上海）A. which B. that C. whereD. it解析：答案选 A

3、。关系代词 which在从句中作主语，指代整个主句。注意：That和which作关系代词，引导定语从句时的主要区别为：which 可用于非限定性定语从句中，指代物或整个主句或主句中的一部分，也可以用于介词之后；而that则不能用于上述两种结构中。3）关系代词 who和whom 引导定语从句，都可用于指人，用法类似。区别主要在于：whom 在从句中只能作宾语；而 who在从句中可以作主语，也可以代替在从句中担任宾格的 whom，但它的前面不能有介词；如果用于介词后指人时，必须用宾格的whom。在非限定性定语从句中，whom 不可用that或who替代。例如：Women drink more th

4、an two cups of coffee a day have a greaterchanee of having heart disease than thosedont. （2006北京）A. who; 不填 B.不填；whoC. who; who D. 不填；不填解析：C。两处空格后均为定语从句， 均缺少关系词。第一个定语从句的先行词是 woman , 要用关系代词引导从句，同时该从句中缺主语，用who ；第二个定语从句的先行词是 those，在句中指人，其定语从句也缺少主语，用who。所以选C。4）Whose引导定语从句时，其后应紧跟一个名词，构成名词短语，即“whose +名词”的

5、形式；whose引导的定语从句，其先行词不仅可指人，还可指物；若指物时，还可用of which代替，但词序不同，即 “whose + 名词=the + 名词+ of which ”。例如：?Look out! Dont get too close to the houseroof is un der repair. （2006福建）A. whose B. whichC. of which D. what解析：A。关系代词 whose意为“ 的”，表示所属关系，在定语从句中作定语，修饰从句的主语roof ；从句中 whose roof 指的是the houses roof 。由于roof前缺少修

6、饰限定词， 故此处不能用 of which 代替。?Rece ntly I bought an an cie nt Chin ese vase,was very reas on able.（2000 上海）A. which price B. the price of whichC. its price D. the price of whose解析：B。先行词为“an ancient Chinese vase ” ，而定语从句讲述的是这个vase的price如何如何，同时，从句缺少主语，所以要用whose price 或the price of which 来引导从句。关系副词 where、w

7、hen、why引导定语从句关系副词where、when、why弓I导的定语从句，分别在从句中充当地点、时间、原因状 语。? If a shop has chairswome n can park their men, wome n will spe ndmore time in the shop. （2005上海）A. that B. which C. when D. where解析：D。先行词是chairs，在定语从句中作地点状语，要用where ，相当于“in which ”。?We are living in an agemany things are done on computer.

8、 （2003北京）A. which B. that C. whose D. whe n解析：D。先行词是age，when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语 As引导定语从句1） As用于限定性定语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或状语，构成the same.as such.as 等结构。例如：? I like the same book as you do. （as作宾语）? Ive never seen such a clever boy as he is. （as作表语）? I shall do it in the same way as you did. （as作状语）? These h

9、ouses are s old at such a low pricepeople expected. （2000海春）A. like B. as C. that D. which解析：答案选 B。As在定语从句中作 expected 的宾语。2） As引导非限定性定语从句，作从句的主语、表语或宾语，用来指代整个主句的内容，常译为 正如 ”但不同于 which ，as引导的定语从句既可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后，还可位于主句中间。例如：?The Beatles,many ofyou are old en ough to remember, came fromLiverpool. （2006

10、 天津）A. what B. that C. how D. as解析：D。As代表整个主句The Beatles came from Liverpool，作定语从句中remember的宾语。?is reported in the n ewspapers, talks betwee n the cou ntries are makingprogress. （2004 北京）A. It B. As C. That D. What解析： B。As 代表整个主句 talks between the countries are making progress，定语从句中的主语。句意为：正如报纸上所报道的

11、那样，各国的会谈取得了进展。关系词的省略 限定性定语从句中关系词的省略1）关系代词的省略：当关系代词that、who（m） 、which 在作从句谓语动词的宾语时,可以省略；但是 whom 和which 若在从句中作介词的宾语时，不可以省略。例如：? Do you have anything to say for yourselves? （2006江西） Yes, theres one pointwe must in sist on.A. why B. where C. how D. /前省略了作宾语解析：D。该题中的先行词是one point ，定语从句 we must insist on的

12、关系代词which或that。? Why does she always ask you for help?There is no one else,is there? (2005北京）A. who to turn to B. she can turn toC. for whom to turn D. for her to turn解析：B。该题中的先行词是 no one else ，she can turn to前省略了作宾语的关系代词whom 或 who ;值得注意的是 ，本句还可以写成 to whom she can turn2）关系副词的省略: The time 、 every tim

13、e 、 each time、the moment等后的关系副词可省略。例如:By the time(when)he was fourteenyears old, Ei nstein had lear ntadva needmathematics all by himself.在某些表示地点的名词（如the place）后，关系副词有时也可以省略。例如：This is theplace (where) we met years ago.先行词the reason后面的关系副词可省略。例如： The reason （why） he did that isquite clear.当先行词是 way时

14、，关系副词常常省略。例如:I appreciate the way （that） you teachus.?What surprised me was not what he said buthe said it. (2004湖北）A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which解析：A。根据句意该用the way，所以在A和D中选择。然后考查 the way后接定语从句的用法，具体用法有三种:(1)用 in which引导；（2）用that弓I导；（3）省略关系副词。此题属于第三种用法，应选 A。非限定性定语从句中关系词的

15、省略并且指物只能用 which ，指人只能用who（主tell you more ab out later, I ended up非限定性定语从句中的关系代词不可以省略，格）/whom（宾格），不能用that。例如：?Any way,that eve ning, Illstaying at Rachels place. （2004浙江）A. when B. where C. what D. which解析：D。这是一个非限定性定语从句，which在定语从句中作 about的宾语，不能省略?The famous basketball star,tried to make a comeback,

16、attracted a lot ofattention. （2002北京春）A. where B. when C. which D. who解析：D。先行词为 The famous basketball star，表示人，所以关系词要用who ；同时，who在从句中作主语，不可以省略。从句的位置一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后，比较容易找岀从句；但有时，定语从句和先行词会被介词或其他成分分隔，从而给从句的辨别带来一定的难度。下面，就来看从句和先行词被分隔开的两种情况。被介词分隔定语从句和先行词被介词分隔，实际上也就是关系词在定语从句中作介词宾语。此时，关系词多和介词一起放在先行词

17、和从句之间。用于这种情况的关系代词一般为which（指物）和whom（指人），that 般不能放在介词之后。例如：? He was educated at a local high school,he went on to Beiji ng Uni versity.（2007 江苏）A. after which B. after thatC. i n which D. i n that解析：A。根据从句的意思确定是介词after在之后”,which在此指代整个主句He waseducated at a local high school，故答案选 A。? Fra nks dream was t

18、o have his own shopto produce the work ings of hisown han ds. （2005湖南）A. that B. in whichC. by which D. how解析：B。该题是考查 介词+关系代词+动词不定式”的特殊结构，它可以还原为：Franksdream was to have his own shop in which he could produce the work ings of his ownhan ds.注意：有时候关系副词 when和where也可以用在介词之后，女口 since when 、by when和from wh

19、ere 等。例如：? The book was writte n in 1946,the educati on system haswit nessedgreat changes. （2007山东）A. whe n B. duri ng which C. since the n D. since whe n解析：D。根据从句的意思确定是选since when , when在此指代时间状语 1946。被其他成分分隔一般来说，定语从句总是紧跟着它所修饰的先行词，但有时候定语从句如果紧接先行词会引起主句头重脚轻或句意分隔等问题，此时，从句和先行词被其他成分分隔。例如：? The village ha

20、s developed a lotwe lear ned farming two yearsago.（2007 福建）A. when B. which C. that D. where解析：选 D。定语从句 where we learned farming two years ago修饰它的先行词 thevillage，中间被谓语 has developed a lot 隔开After graduati onshe reacheda point in her career she needed todecide what to do. （2007江西）A. that B. what C. wh

21、ich D. whereto do修饰它的先行词a解析：选 D。定语从句 where she needed to decide what point，中间被定语 in her career 隔开除了以上考查定语从句自身所包含的一些考点，在高考英语中，定语从句有时也结合其他 考点进行考查。最常见的有：在强调结构的省略句型中考查定语从句关系词的选择。例如：? Where did you get to know her?It was on the farmwe worked. （2007山东）A. that B. there C. which D. where解析：D。该题很容易误选 A。解题时，先

22、还原句子：It was on the farm （where weworked） that I got to know her.还原后，不难发现：原来这个句子主句实际上是强调结构It was.that 省略了 that I got to know her。空格处的词实际上要引导一个定语从句，修饰限定farm。以上是对高考英语中定语从句常见考点的分析，希望能对大家学习定语从句有所帮助。(二) 关系代词 as和which引导的定语从句as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1 . As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He m

23、arried her, as/which was natural.(2) He was hon est, as/which we can see.2. as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有 正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a develop ing cou ntry.(2) He is from the south, as we can see from his acce nt.(3) John, as you know, is a fam

24、ous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时，常用which(5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher an gry.3. 当先行次受such, the same 修饰时，常用 as(1) I have n ever heard such a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) T

25、his is the same book as I lost last week.注意：当先行次由the same 修饰时，偶尔也用that引导定语从句，但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedd ing.她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(5) She wore the same dress as her you ng sister wore.她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。(三) 以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that 引导，而且通常可以省略。(1)

26、The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.(四) but有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句(1) There are very few but un dersta nd his idea. ( but= who dont )一、关系词的灵活运用真题再现1 . Some pre-school children go to a day care center,they learn simple gamesand son gs.(2007年全国I卷）A. thenB . thereC . whileD . wher

27、e解析：D考查定语从句。先行词a day care cen ter表示地点，定语从句由关系副词where引导，相当于in which2 . Those successfuldeaf dan cersthi nk that dancingis an activitysightmatters more tha n heari ng.(2007年天津卷）A . whe nB . whoseC . whichD . where解析：D考查的是定语从句。Dancing is an activity在定语从句中缺少状语，所以用 where或in which后面是一个定语从句,。修饰 an activity

28、 ,3 . After graduation she reached a point in her careershe needed to decidewhat to do.(2007年江西卷）A . thatB . whatC . whichD . where解析：D本题考查定语从句的引导词。在定语从句中，当先行词为point, case, situation 等时，通常用关系副词where引导。4 . Today, we ll discuss a n umber of casesbeg inn ers of En glish fail to usethelanguage properly.

29、（2007年陕西卷）A . whichB . asC . whyD . where解析：D考查定语从句。先行词是cases，意思是：情况，状态，指物或指地点，关系词在从句中作状语，先行词指地点，用 where。5 . The village has developed a lotwe lwarned farming two years ago.(2007年福建卷）A . whe nB . whichC . thatD . where解析：D考查定语从句。先行词是the village，关系词在从句中作状语，用关系副词，先行词表地点，选D。6 . The book was written in

30、1946,theeducation system has witnessedgreat changes.（2007年山东卷）A . whenB . during whichC. since thenD . since when解析：D考查非限制性定语从句。Si nee whe n自从那时起，常与完成时连用。7 . His movie won several awards at the film festival,was beyond his wildestdream.（2007年上海卷）A . whichB . thatC . whereD . it解析：A考查定语从句。后半句是which引导

31、的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面整句话的内容，在从句中作主语。8 . We re just trying to reach a pointboth sides will sit down together and talk.A . whereB . thatC . whe nD . which解析：A关系副词when和where与point连用，即可表示具体的时间和地点，也能表示抽象的时间和地点。根据句意，我们正在试图找到双方（都能接受的条件，从而使双方）能坐到一起谈判的点”，这里应是表示一个抽象的地点。9 . What surprised me was not what he said

32、 buthe said it.A . the wayB . in the way thatC . in the wayD . the way which解析：A根据连接成分对等性，排除B、C项。The way 后的定语从句关系词可用in whichthat或省略。二、引导词前介词的使用不可忽视关系代词介词的确定依据有三：介词与先行词是一种固定搭配；介词与从句中的动词是一种习惯搭配；介词与从句中的形容词是一种固定结构。真题再现1 . It is reported that two schoold,are being built in my hometown, will opennext year

33、.（2007 年四川卷）A . they bothB. which bothC . both of themD . both of which解析：D考查 介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句。在定语从句中，基于意义上的需要，可以在 some, any, few, several, many, all, both, none, n either, either, each, eno ugh,half, one, two等词之后接 of whom 或of which ;因为该句嵌入句中，它不可能是一个并列句，排除A、C项，即使是并列句也应该有连接词。2 . Human facial expre

34、ssions differ from those of animals in the degreetheycan be con trolled on purpose.（2007年重庆卷 ）A . with whichB . to whichC . of whichD . for which解析：B考查定语从句。在某种程度上， 用to a degree 或to some degree ，因此当degree作先词时，关系代词用which或that。本题因介词提前紧跟关系词，故用to which 形式，答案选择B项。3 . Eric received training in computer for

35、 one year,he found a job in a bigcompany. （2007年辽宁卷）A . after thatB . after whichC . after itD . after this他”解析：B考查定语从句及关系代词的选择。从句子的结构看，后面应是定语从句，而且,after which ，弓丨导是接受了一年的电脑培训之后，才在一家大公司找到了一份工作的。故选一个非限制性定语从句，起补充说明作用。4 . He was educated at the local highschool,hewent on to Beiji ngUn iversity.（2007年江苏

36、卷）A . after whichB . after thatC . in whichin that解析：A此题考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。根据题意应该是在那以后”，故正确的答案是A。5 . We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came upto us,we gave some bells and glasses.A . to whichB . to whomC . with whomwith which解析：B句中的先行词指人，故排除 A、D，从句中give sth.to sb.是固定词

37、组，介词to提到关系代词之前，故选B。6 . Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when theyremembered the scenespeople were eate n by the tiger.A. in whichB. by whichC. whichD . that解析：A先行词the scenes在定语从句中作地点状语。其前的介词常用in。7 . I was given three books on cooking, the firstI really enjoyed.A . of

38、 thatB . of whichC . thatD . which解析：B定语从句只修饰先行词中的一部分，of表示部分和整体之间的关系，the first of which相当于the first of the three books。句意为：他给了我三本烹饪方面的书，其中第一本我特别喜欢。三、定语从句的分隔现象在英语学习中常常遇到定语从句不是直接位于先行词之后，而是被插入语、介词短语、副词或副词短语、谓语动词、非谓语动词等隔开，这种现象被称作定语从句的分隔现象。to be poorly run, is now aB。真题再现successful bus in ess.(2007年浙江卷）A

39、 . thatB . whichC . whoD . where1 . Chan srestauranton Baker Street,used解析：B本题考查定语从句。从空前的逗号可知，本题考查的是非限制性定语从句，因此排除A。先行词是地点名词，但是引导在从句中作主语，因此选2 . Is that the small town you often refer to?Right, just the oneyou know I used to work for years.A . thatB . whichC . whereD . whatThe one 在宾语从句中作状语。解析：C 了解答语中

40、的插入语 you know 是解题的突破口3 . The film brought the hours back to meI was taken good care of in thatfar away village.A . untilB . thatC . whenD . where解析：C whe n引导定语从句，先行词the hours 与定语从句被 back to me 分隔四、as与which 之争as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，均可指代整个句子内容，as引导非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前，又可用在主句后，有时还可插在句中。Which引导非限制定语从句，除了指代整个

41、句子外，还可指单个词，不能放在句首。As引导定语从句，有正如，就像”之意,常用在 as is known to sb., as has been expected, as in mentioned above, as is often等表达中the case, as an ybody can see, as has bee n said before真题再现1 . By serv ing others,a pers onfocuses on some oneothertha nhimself orherself,can be very eye-ope ning and reward in g.

42、(2007年湖南卷）A. whoB . whichC . whatD . that故用which引导一个非限制性定解析：B考查定语从句。先行词为前面整句话所表达的内容, 语从句2.is ofte n the case, we have worked out the producti on pla n.A . WhichB . WhenC . WhenD . As解析：D as引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，放在句首。3 . The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employmore people t

43、o keep it running,meant spe nding tens of thousa nds of pou nds.A . whoB . thatC . asD . which解析：D从句中缺少主语，which指代前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语，that不能用在非限制性定语从句中。As意为 正如，就像”，不符题意。4 . I explained on the phone, you request will be considered at thenextmeeti ng.A . WhenB . AfterC . AsD . Since解析：C表示依据，正如之意时，用as弓I导。Wh

44、ich不能用在句首用which 而不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词+关系代词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year.这是父亲去年居住过的房子。注意：that与which的区别非常多了 ，很难记住.一句话语法：逗号后/介词后使用which,其它 用that 一定不会错3)as引导定语从句时的用法 as引导限制性定语从句

45、通常用于the sameas, such as 结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my frie nd我要一伟跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machi nes as are used in our workshop are made in China.我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。 as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下歹列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announ ced, as we allknow, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place aga in in this mid-term exam in ati on.正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3) as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别 当主句和从句语义一致时，用as ；反之，用 which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was un expected.t like at all. 当非限制定语从