英语写作技巧55803

1、写作基础：写好英语句子 1、词汇问题 (1) 同一汉语意思的动词、名词和形容词混用。 汉语的动词、名词和形容词互相转化词性时，词本身不发生变化，而是由词在句子中的位置来确定它的词性，或借助“的”、“地”、“得”。例： a. 学生抱怨作业太多。（ 动词） b. 我不想再听你的抱怨。（ 名词） a. 如果你努力学习，你一定会成功。（ 动词） b. 他是一位成功的商人。（ 形容词） c. 他的成功是由于他的勤奋。（ 名词）,(2) 用词不确切 学生所接触的词汇主要来自精读和泛读，他们所掌握的词汇有口语、一般用语、正式用语，也有俚语、方言；有美国英语，也有英国英语。他们对同义词或近义词的细微区别不太了

2、解，英语词与近义汉字区别不清。例如： 误He finally resolved the problem. 正He finally solved the problem. resolve 的汉语意思是“使分解”、“解决”，resolve虽有解决之意，只是解决的不是问题，而是contradiction 或doubt, 解决问题应用 “solve。,2 语法问题：常见病句、错句分析 2.1 串句（run-on sentences） 1） 两个完整句子只用逗号隔开 English is a required course in most colleges， a student must pass it

3、 before he earns his degree. 2) 两个完整句子不适当地用连词and连接 I intend to go with your brother and you may do as you please. 3) 两个完整句子串在一起 Students should be careful of punctuation trouble will result if they are careless.,改正串句的方法主要有四种： 1） 分成两个句子English is a required course in most colleges. A student must pas

4、s it before he earns his degree. 2) 用并列连词and, but, or 或nor 等连接两个句子. 这时须在并列连词之前加逗号 English is a required course in most colleges and a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 3) 用分号连接两个句子 English is a required course in most colleges；a student must pass it before he earns his degree. 4）改成复合句

5、：将其中一个句子变成另一个句子的从句 Since English is a required course in most colleges， a student must pass it before he earns his degree.,2.2 破句（fragmentary sentences）:把句子的一部分当成一个句子。 In ten seconds I made my decision. A decision that changed the next seven years of my life. 分析：“A decision that changed the next sev

6、en years of my life.”是一个带有定语从句的名词词组, 实际上只是这个句子的一部分。 If a person possesses the ability and desires to go to college, I dont think money should stop him. Even though in some cases it does. 分析：从句“Even though in some cases it does.”被错当成一个句子。,改正方法: 1) 把破句变成另一个完整句子的一部分。这时，标点符号要做相应的变化，而破句的第一个字母应该成小写字母： In

7、ten seconds I made my decision-a decision that changed the next seven years of my life. 2）把破句变成一个完整句子，加进必要的句子成分；或破句变成原来完整句子的从句： In ten seconds I made my decision. It was a decision that changed the next seven years of my life. If a person possesses the ability and desires to go to college, I dont th

8、ink money should stop him, even though in some cases it does.,2.3 赘句（wordy sentences/ redundancy）:用词不简练。表达某一思想，本来只要一、二个词，却用了冗长的词组或者从句。 Let me make one thing perfectly clear and that one thing is that one always want my readers to get the point of what I want to say immediately when they read my pape

9、r. 可该为：I always want my readers to get my point. 如何避免出现这种现象： 1） 避免同义词的重复industrious and hard-working, buy and purchase, unbelievable and incredible; 2） 避免不必要的修饰语 (new)innovations,(very)perfect, kind(in nature) 3） 避免不必要的副词 repeat(again), return(back),continue(on), (still)remain 4） 避免同义连词重复，删去后者 in or

10、der thatand(so that), sinceand (because),2.4 修饰语错位（modifiers in wrong position）： 1) 注意形容词修饰语的定语位置和表语位置 排列顺序1：限定词-描述性形容词- 形状、大小、长度-颜色-来源、国籍-名词性形容词或动名词-名词 排列顺序2：主观感情-客观特性- 质料-目的 an expensive green German steel and nylon tennis racket a torn blue nylon shirt her lovely long white French wooden sailing

11、boat 2) 注意副词或副词词组修饰语在句子中的位置 方式副词的位置： A）在不及物动词之后: She dances beautifully. B）在宾语之后或者动词的前面: They secretly decided to leave the town. C) 如果宾语比较长,我们通常把副词放在动词之前: She carefully pick up all the bits of broken glass.,D) 副词一般不放在动词和宾语之间，但well, badly, hard, fast等词例外。它们表示方式或程度时,有时可以放在长宾语之前： You know well that I

12、cant drive. 注意：如果副词放在词组或从句之后,通常被认为是该词组或从句的修饰语。这时它的意思与把它放在动词前的意思不一样。试比较： They secretly decided to leave the town. They decided to leave the town secretly. E) 在动词+介词+宾语的句子中,副词或放在介词之前, 或放在宾语之后: He looked suspiciously at me. He looked at me suspiciously. F) 两个或两个以上副词或副词词组同时出现在句子中时,处理方法如下： 方式副词放在时间副词前 Sh

13、e cleaned the house thoroughly every weekend. 方式副词放在地点副词前 She put the bottles carefully on the doorstep.,地点副词放在时间副词前 She sang at the town hall last night. 方式副词+地点副词+时间副词 She put the bottles carefully on the doorstep every morning. G）某些副词或词组,可以放在句首,起强调作用，但这时句子的主谓要倒装。这样用的副词或词组有： never, seldom, scarcel

14、y, ever, scarcelywhen , hardlywhen, no soonerthan, nowhere, in no circumstances, on no account, only by, only than, only when, only in this way, not till, not only, so , neither, nor等. He had hardly left the building when the earthquake began. Hardly had he left the building when the earthquake bega

15、n. He had no sooner left the building than the earthquake began. No sooner had he left the building than the earthquake began.,2.5 悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers） 1) 分词短语悬垂 误：Looking to the future，the computer field may seem very attractive to many people. 正：When we look to the future，the computer field m

16、ay seem very attractive to many people. 2) 动名词悬垂误：On hearing the news, my heart sank down. 正：On hearing the news, I felt my heart sinking down. 3) 不定式悬垂误：To pass the exam, this exercise must be done. 正：To pass the exam, you must do this exercise. 4) 省略句悬垂 误：When a baby, his parents abandoned him. 正：

17、When he was a baby, he was abandoned by his parents.,2.6 结构不平行误:Students need textbooks, notebooks, and they need pens. 正:Students need textbooks, notebooks and pens. 误:Knowing how to study and to learn to budget time are important for college students. 正:Knowing how to study and learning to budget

18、time are important for college students. 误:What we want and the thing we do are often opposite. 正:What we want and what we do are often contradictory.,2.7主谓不一致 误:Jack or Jill are coming down the hill. 正:Jack or Jill is coming down the hill. 误:Neither the teacher nor his students was prepared. 正:Neit

19、her the teacher nor his students were prepared.,practice: I wonder who has made this new innovation. I wonder who has made this innovation. The city has a population of half a million people. The city has a population of half a million . I shall tell him when he returns back. I shall tell him when h

20、e returns . He offered to give me help. He offered me help.,As the bus leaves only on alternative days, you have no alternate but to stay here overnight. As the bus leaves only on alternate days, you have no alternative but to stay here overnight. The guy continuously disturbed the meeting. The guy

21、continually disturbed the meeting. The performance is credible. The performance is creditable. I differ from the first speaker. I differ with the first speaker. The judge must be uninterested. The judge must be disinterested. We shall precede with the agenda as we have planned. We shall proceed with

22、 the agenda as we have planned. We shall leave early, providing that the weather is good. We shall leave early, provided that the weather is good.,After all, we have learned some knowledge here. After all, we have acquired/obtained/gained some knowledge here. I am determined to contribute my whole l

23、ife to the cause of education. I am determined to devote/dedicated my whole life to the cause of education. This accident gave us a deep impression. This accident left us a deep impression. This accident made a deep impression on us. The first rate service give people an irresistible attraction. The

24、 first rate service has an irresistible attraction for people. The first rate service gives an irresistible appeal to people.,The earthquake made great damages to the village. The earthquake caused great damage to the village. Half of my success belonged to my parents. I owed half of my success to m

25、y parents. I have no doubt for his ability. I have no doubt of /about his ability. We must conform with the rules. We must conform to the rules. We must guard from bad habits. We must guard against bad habits. We are indifferent for politics. We are indifferent to politics. We are very concerned wit

26、h our environment. We are very concerned about our environment. This article is concerned with air pollution.,Teenagers are seeking mutual respect, they usually do it in vain. Teenagers are seeking mutual respect, but they usually do it in vain. A lot of students waste water, I dont like it. A lot o

27、f students waste water, which I dont like . Wasting natural resources, there will be a shortage in the future. Wasting natural resources, we will face a shortage in the future. If we waste natural resources, there will be a shortage in the future.,To speak English fluently, a constant practice is im

28、portant. To speak English fluently, we need to practice constantly. Returning home, the sound of music still echoed in our ears. When we returned home, the sound of music was still echoing in our ears. Being a fine day, wed better go out and breathe fresh air. It being a fine day, wed better go out and b