通用版】中考英语总复习：情态动词ppt-专项超详细讲解ppt课件

1、情态动词,情态动词 情态动词具有一定得词义，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独构成谓语，和谓语动词连用表示委婉语气或表示愿望、态度或推测等意义,一、情态动词的类型和特征 情态动词的类型 只作情态动词的有：must; can(could);may(might) 只作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need , dare 可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will(would); shall(should) 具有情态动词的某些特征的有：have to; ought to; had better,2. 情态动词的特征 (1). 有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和行为动词或系动词连用，构成谓语。 (2)表示说话

2、人的态度或语气，无人称和数的变化（have to例外，其第三人称单数形式为has to） He has to walk home. 情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形,二、情态动词的用法 1. Can的 用法 常用来表示能力，意为“能，会”。 eg：She can swim fast, but I cant. 表示请求或许可，意为“可以”。 eg: Can you go shopping with us? 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句或者疑问句中，此时cant 意为不可能。 eg: Can the news be true？ That cant be our teacher. He is o

3、n a visit to the Great Wall,I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. -No.She _be there. I have just been there. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt,4） cant 可用来作May I .？的否定回答 -May I go surfing alone this afternoon? -No, you cant . Its dangerous. 5) can和 be able to 两者都是

4、表示“能力”是用法相同，但can只有原形和过去式could两种形式，其他时态要用be able to来表示。另外，be able to常常有“成功做了某事”的意味 Jim cant speak English. We were able to reach the top of the maintain at noon,2. Could 的用法 can的过去式，意为“能，会”，表示过去的能力。 eg: He could write poems when he was 10. could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。 eg: Could you please spe

5、ak a little louder? Could I use your pen? Yes, you can/ No, you cant,Could I cross the street here? -Of course you _. could B. can C. are able to D. will,3. may 的用法 may 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，比can要正式。 eg：May I ask you a question? You may go home now. 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能、也许”，一般用于肯定句。 eg：It may rain tomorrow. Sh

6、e may be at home. may 的过去式为might，表示推测，可能性低于may。 eg：He is away from home. He might be sick. (4) may表示祝福 May you be happy,5)can和may 1) Can和may均可用来征求意见或许可，意为“可以”，一般可互换使用 Can/May I help you? 2)may 和can 表示可能性时的区别： 在肯定句中用may, might, 不用can； 在疑问句中表示推测用can； 在否定句句中用cant（不可能） She may be in the classroom. Where

7、 can they be now? That cant be true,6) may be 和 maybe 用法区别 常用位置 may be may 为情态动词，be动词原形 句中，做谓语 maybe 副词，大概、也许， 相当于perhaps 句首，作状语 He may be wrong, but Im not sure,Have you decided which senior high school to choose? -Not yet. I _go to Moonlight School. A.must B.may C.need D. should -What will the wea

8、ther be like tomorrow? -It _be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows? must B. might C.shall D. should,情态动词练习 1讲解 1.-_I have a look at your new watch? -Yes, please. May B. Need C. Dare D. Must 2.Tom is young but he _fly a kite by himself. may B. can C. need D.must,3.The work is too hard for him. He _fini

9、sh it on time. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt 4. The bookstore was open, so I _buy the book. can B. cant C. did can D. was able to,5. Last year I _drive. I used take the bus. could B. couldnt C. should D. shouldnt 6. -Could we smoke here? -Im afraid you _. couldnt B. cant C. are able to D. wil

10、l,7.-I hear youve got a new iPhone 4S._ I have a look? -Yes, certainly. May B. Do C. Shall D. Should 8.-Wheres Lucy? -Im not sure. She _in the school library. maybe B. must be C. may be D. will be,9.-Where is Tom? -_he is at home. He didnt feel well yesterday. May be B. Maybe C. May 10.-_ I swim her

11、e? - Im sorry. Children _swim alone here Must; cant B. May; must Can; mustnt D. Cant; can,4. Must 的用法 must表示“一定要，必须”。否定形式是mustnt，表示 “禁止，不许可”。 eg：You must stay here until I came back. You mustnt park your car in front of the entrance. 对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为 neednt或者dont have to。 eg：-Must I finis

12、h my homework now? -No, you neednt,must 常常指有根据的，比较有把握的推测，意为 “一定是，准是”，这种用法只能用于肯定句当中。 eg：The light is on. He must be at home now. 当must表示肯定判断、推测的时候，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 eg：She must have finish writing, hasnt she,must 和have to must侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要，意为“必须，应 该”。 eg：I know I must study hard. have to 侧重于客观上的必

13、要，意为“不得不”。它有一 般现在时第三人称单数形式has to 和过去形式had to。 eg：My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor at midnight. have to的否定形式是dont have to, 相当于neednt, 意为“不必”；mustnt 表示“禁止，不允许,5) cant 和 mustnt 表否定推测时应用cant, mustnt 意为“禁止，不允许”，不用来表推测，在肯定句中用must表推测，意为“一定,Mom, must I clean my room now? - No, you _.You

14、can do it tomorrow. cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. shouldnt,5.need 的用法 need表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句当中，否定形式为neednt,意为“没有必要，不必”。用need提问时，肯定回答是must，否定回答为neednt. eg：-Need I stay here any longer? need可作实义动词，此时还有人称，数和时态的变化，后面多接动词不定时。 eg：I need to do it right now. He needs to learn more about the girl,注意： 对need

15、的词性判断常为难点，need后加to do说明need为实义动词，用助动词提问或否定；need后加doing表示被动意义；若need 后加do的动词原形，则need为情态动词 You neednt see him, but I must. You dont need to come if you feel sick,6). dare 表示 “敢于”， 用作情态动词时，无人称变化，只用于否定句、疑问句和条件句 Mary dare not touch the snake. 用于实义动词时，要注意人称和时态的变化，后面跟不定式 I have never dared to tell him about

16、 it. 注意：dare作实义动词时，其疑问句或否定句后面的不定式符号常省略。 He didnt dare (to) disobey,You _ swim in this part of the lake. Its dangerous. mustnt B. neednt C. wont D. may not I enjoy the party very much, but I _ go home. Its too late. A . have to B. may C. mustnt D. shouldt,6. shall, should, will, would的用法 shall常用于疑问句当

17、中，表示征求对方的意见（多用于第一、三人称），用在第一人称或第三人称的疑问句中 eg：shall we go out for a walk? Shall he come at once? 一般回答： Yes, please./ All right./ No, thank you. Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 eg: You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告） He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺） He shall be punished. （

18、威胁,should意为“应该”。可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。 eg：We should protect the environment,will表示主语的决心或意愿；也可表请求或询问，用于第二人称。 eg：I will never do that again. I will help you if Im free this afternoon. Will you pass me the book? will表示习惯、请求，固有性质等。 eg: Everyday he will sit here hour after hour doing nothing.（习惯） Will you help

19、 me with my English?（请求,7. had better的用法 had better 意味“最好”，没有人称的变化，后接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为had better not. eg: We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him,How was the youth club last night, Mark? -It was great fun. You _have come. Must B. can C. should D. may You look tired now. You _stay

20、 at home and have a rest. had to B. had better C. would like to D. would rather,PS: 在英语中，我们可以用其他多种方式提出我们的建议或征求对方意见。 (1).用“Lets do.”来提出建议。 e.g. Lets go for a walk after supper. (2).用“What/How about.?”来提出建议；about后接名词或动词ing形式。 e.g. What about/How about a drink? What about/How about taking Tom with us,3

21、).用“Why not.?”来提出建议，表示“何不”not面后接动词原形。“Why not.?”实际上是“Why dont you/we.?”的简略形式。 e.g. Why not meet at the school gate at eight? Why dont we stay here another day? (4).用“Would you like.?”来提出建议，意思是“你想要吗?”Would you like后可接名词或不定式。如： Would you like a cup of tea? Yes, please. No, thank you. Would you like to

22、 go and see her? Yes, Id like to. No, thank you,去游泳好吗?” Shall we go for a swim? Lets go for a swim，shall we? What about/How about going swimming? Why not go for a swim? Would you like to go for a swim,will will在there be句型中的形式及其句式变换。将有 由于“一般将来时”的结构可以用“will+动词原形”来表示， 所以there be句型的一般将来时的形式就是there will

23、be。（一定不能说there will have） There are many students in our school. There will be many students in our school,含有情态动词的疑问句的回答 对may引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式： Yes,you may. Yes, of course. Yes, certainly. Sure . No, you mustnt. No, you cant. 2.对must引出的疑问句，回答方式为： Yes, must. No, neednt/ dont have to,3.could在疑问句中，表示委婉的语

24、气，此时could没有过去式的意思。 e.g. Could I use your pen? - Yes, you can./No, you cant. 4. shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称或第三人称中，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种： Yes, please.All right.No, thank you,5. would you的回答方式有以下几种： Yes, I will. (No, I wont.)Sure . (Im sorry , I cant.)All right/ OK/ With pleasure. Certainly. (No, thank you .

25、)Yes, please. Would you like to go shopping with me? Yes, Id like to./ No, thanks(thank you). Would you like some water? Yes, please./No, thanks(thank you) Would you do me a favour and pass on my thanks to Lily? _. A. Thats right B. With pleasure C. It doesnt matter D. No trouble,一致,主 谓,主谓一致,三原则,一、语

26、法一致原则 二、意义一致原则 三、就近一致原则,壹 语法一致原则,指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式， 谓语也用单数；主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式,eg: His father is a doctor. They are students. We love our motherland,由and或bothand.连接的并列主语 如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，若指同一个人或物，则谓语动词用单数。 eg：Both Lucy and Lily are students. A worker and writer is going to gave us

27、 a talk. 一个工人兼作家,用one、everyone、each one、any one、each、 either、neither等+of+名词复数做主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg：Every one of the students is studying hard. Neither of the girls is pretty,不定代词either、neither、the other、another、someone、 somebody、something等在句子中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg：Is there anything wrong with your bike? Every

28、one is ready for the sports meeting? There is something wrong the my bike,不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 eg：Reading is learning. To see is to believe,主语后面跟有with, along with, except, besides, but, as well as, together with, including, rather than等词或短语，谓语动词的 数应与主语保持一致。 就远原则 eg：The boy together with her par

29、ents goes to the museum once a week. All the students, including Tom, are going to the park,由 “some of, plenty of, a lot of, most of, the rest of, all of, half of, 分数或百分数+of+名词”等作主语时，谓语动词常与of 后面的名词保持数的一致。 eg：Two thirds of the work was finished by me. Most of the computers bought from Beijing,“a pair

30、/a kind/a series.+of +名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用 单数；“pairs/kinds+of+名词复数”做主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 eg：A kind of birds has been discovered by them. Fifteen pairs of shoes are made each day,某些只有复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 eg：My glasses were broken. pants shoes shorts trousers gloves clothes,梦家,贰,意 义 一 致,主谓一致中的意义一致不是根据其外部语法形态来决定

31、，而是取决于主语所表达的内在含义。主语形式虽为单数，但在意义上却为复数，谓语动词应采取复数形式。主语形式虽为复数，但在意义上视为单数，谓语动词应采取单数形式。 eg: Twenty dollars is too dear. My family are watching TV,主语为集体名词，若表示集体概念谓语动词用单数 , 若表示集体中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。team, class, group, company, eg：My family is a small one with three people. My family all like classical music. 有些集合名

32、词，形式上是单数，意义上表示复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；有些名词news, physics等，形式上是复数，而意义上表示单数，因此谓语动词用单数形式。 police,people人们 peoples 民族 eg：The police are looking for the missing child. Physics is very interesting. We all like it,表示价格、时间、长度等的复数名词、词组作主语时，一般看成一个整体，谓语常用单数。 eg: Three years is a long time. “the+形容词”作主语若表示一类人，谓语用复数；若表示一种

33、抽象概念或品质，谓语用单数。the young / old/ rich/ poor eg：The rich are not always happy. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us. the + 姓氏 The blacks enjoy working in China,弎 就近原则,就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近它的主语。 eg: Either he or she is wrong. Both he and I are wrong. 不是 就是 要么 要么,由eitheror., neithernor, not

34、 onlybut also, notbut等连接两个主语时，其谓语的单复数需与较近的主语保持一致。 eg: Neither her sisters nor Mary / is going to the party tomorrow. Mary nor her sisters are going to Not only my parents but also I am looking forward meeting my uncle,There be .和Here be 两个句式中的动词be常与最近的主语在数 上保持一致。 There (引导词)+be(谓语)+主语+状语 eg：There ar

35、e three apples and a banana in Toms bag. There is an apple and a banana in Toms bag. There is a table with three legs in Toms room,谢 谢,Thanks,小魔方站作品 盗版必究,语文,更多精彩内容，微信扫描二维码获取,扫描二维码获取更多资源,谢谢您下载使用,附赠 中高考状元学习方法,群星璀璨,近几年全国高考状元荟萃,前 言,高考状元是一个特殊的群体，在许多人的眼中，他们就如浩瀚宇宙里璀璨夺目的星星那样遥不可及。但实际上他们和我们每一个同学都一样平凡而普通，但他们有是

36、不平凡不普通的，他们的不平凡之处就是在学习方面有一些独到的个性，又有着一些共性，而这些对在校的同学尤其是将参加高考的同学都有一定的借鉴意义,青春风采,青春风采,北京市文科状元 阳光女孩-何旋,高考总分： 692分(含20分加分) 语文131分 数学145分英语141分 文综255分 毕业学校：北京二中报考高校： 北京大学光华管理学院,来自北京二中，高考成绩672分，还有20分加分。“何旋给人最深的印象就是她的笑声，远远的就能听见她的笑声。”班主任吴京梅说，何旋是个阳光女孩。“她是学校的摄影记者，非常外向，如果加上20分的加分，她的成绩应该是692。”吴老师说，何旋考出好成绩的秘诀是心态好。“她

37、很自信，也很有爱心。考试结束后，她还问我怎么给边远地区的学校捐书,班主任： 我觉得何旋今天取得这样的成绩，我觉得，很重要的是，何旋是土生土长的北京二中的学生，二中的教育理念是综合培养学生的素质和能力。我觉得何旋，她取得今天这么好的成绩，一个来源于她的扎实的学习上的基础，还有一个非常重要的，我觉得特别想提的，何旋是一个特别充满自信，充满阳光的这样一个女孩子。在我印象当中，何旋是一个最爱笑的，而且她的笑特别感染人的。所以我觉得她很阳光，而且充满自信，这是她突出的这样一个特点。所以我觉得，这是她今天取得好成绩当中，心理素质非常好，是非常重要的,高考总分:711分毕业学校:北京八中语文139分 数学140分 英语141分 理综291分 报考高校： 北京大学光华管理学院,北京市理科状元杨蕙心,班主任 孙烨：杨蕙心是一个目标高远的学生，而且具有很好的学习品质。学习效率高是杨蕙心的一大特点，一般同学两三个小时才能完成的作业