初中宾语从句讲义

1、初中宾语从句：第一讲导入：（在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语）I kown the man.（而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语）_J_ know that the man is a policemanThe man is a policema n.1. 基本概念宾语：动作的承受者从句：主从复合句是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的。主句是复合句的主体，从句仅仅是主句的一个成分，它从属于主句，不能独立。从句在全句中充当什么成分，就叫什么从句。宾语从句：是主从复合句的一种。宾语从句当中的从句在全句中作宾语2. 考试题型：宾语从句是中考的重点语法项目，其主要的考试形式出现在“选择填空和短

2、文改错”中。3. 引导词：（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句：e.g. I hear （that） he will be back in an hour.注：that在句中无词义，在从句中不能充当句子成分，在口语中往往被省略。（2）由疑问代词 who,whom,whose,which,what 和疑问副词 where, when, why,how 引导的宾 语从句：e.g.1）Do you kn ow whose book it is ?（谁的，作定语）2）Could you tell me why the train is late?（为什么，作状语）3）He asked who cou

3、ld an swer the questi on.（谁，作主语）注： 这些连词既有词义又充当句子成份。（3）由从属连词 whether, if引导的宾语从句：if/whether引导宾语从句 表示“是否”之义，在句中不充当句子成份。e.g. I want to know if/whether she is right .They didn t know whether Tom could come back or not .I want to know if （whether） he lives there.He asked me whether （if） I could help him.I

4、f与whether的区别（1 ）与or not连用只能用 whetherEg: I don t know he will come or not.（2）介词后只能用 whetherEg: I don t care ofhe is handsome.（3） 与to do不定式连用只能用whetherEg: He won deredto stay here the n ext week.（4） 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether弓I导Eg: he will come is not decided.三、宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序，即是“主语在前，谓

5、 语在后”的顺序。I think (that) you will like this school soon.Can you tell me how I can get to the zoo?Please tell me when we ll have the meeting.四、宾语从句种的时态变化I hear (that) Jimwas(be ) a worker two years ago.Jim is( be ) an En glish teacher now .Jimwill cook(cook ) dinner tomorrow .w Jimis singing( sing )a

6、popular song now.Jimhas bee n( be ) to the Great Wall twice .Jimwas playi ng( play ) basketball whe n his father came back.Jim had lear ned( lear n )1000 Chin ese words by the end of last semester.He said what time it was.He told me that he was prepari ng for the sports meet.He said that he would go

7、 back to the U.S.A. soon.He asked if you had written to Peter.He told me (that)summer is after Spri ng .I was told (that)the sun is much bigger tha n the moon.My parents told me (that)no news is good news.1. 当主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不作限制，我们可以根据句子的需要使用任何一种 时态。(需要性原则)2. 当主句是一般过去时的时候，宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态，从而达到主句

8、 和从句的相互一致。(呼应性原则)3. 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时，就不用受到主句时态的限制，仍是用一般现在时态。(特殊性原则)一、三类词引导的宾语从句：从属连词that彳疑问词：8个“ W” ,1个“ H”从属连词whether/if二、宾语从句的语序三、宾语从句的时态1.1 dont know he will come tomorrow.he comes, Ill tell you .A. if; WhetherB. whether; WhetherC. if; ThatD. if; If2. I dont knowthe day after tomorrow.

9、A. whe n does he comeB. how will he comeC. if he comesD. whether hell come3. Could you tell methe n earest hospital is?A. whatB. howC. whetherD. where4. Could you tell methe radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he men dedD. what he men ded5. I want to know.A. whom is s

10、he look ing afterB. whom she is look ingC. whom is she look ingD. whom she is look ing after6. Do you know wherenow?A. he livesB. does he liveC. he livedD. did he live7. Do you know what time?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the trainleaves8. I dont know. Can you

11、 tell me, please?A. how the two players are oldB. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how oldD. how old the two players are9. The small childre n dont know.A. what is their stock ings inB. what is in their stock ingsC. where is their stock ings inD. what in their stock ings10. I cant u

12、n dersta nd.A. what does Christmas meanB. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas doesD. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）t Could you tell usMr. Brow nlivi ng in Chi na?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为 复合句）tHe ask

13、ed methe girlsome help .3. Jim is not a stude nt. Tom is not a stude nt, either. （合并为一个句子）mTom is a stude nt.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含 宾语从句 的复合句）I want to knowthe train.5. They went home after they had finished their homework.（ 用 not. . until 改写）Theygo homethey had fini shed their homework .6. Did Peter come here yesterday ? Li Lei wants t