2018八下12《诗经》二首ppt课件

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3、新课导入,12 诗经二首,R八年级语文下册,学习目标,1.了解有关诗经的文学常识，有感情地朗读并背诵古诗，把握这两首诗的内容及其思想感情。（重点,2.学习诗经中赋、比、兴的创作手法及其章法节奏的特点；分析诗歌的语言特色，体会诗歌的音韵美、意境美、含蓄美。（难点,3.感受诗歌的艺术魅力，正确认识古代劳动人民对美好爱情的追求。（重点,赋是最基本的，最常用的一种表现手法。它的特点就是敷陈、直言，即直接叙述事物，铺陈情节，抒发感情。 比分为比喻和比拟。比体诗的特点是以彼物写此物，诗中所描写的事物并不是诗人真正要歌咏的对象，而是借用打比方的方法，来表达诗人的思想感情。例如，硕鼠一诗中，就是运用了比的表现

4、手法，通过描写令人憎恶的老鼠，将奴隶主贪婪残忍的本性表现的淋漓尽致,兴，即起兴，在一首诗的开头，或一章诗的开头。先让我们来看一首诗。风雨中运用兴的表现手法的句子是“风雨凄凄，鸡鸣喈喈；风雨萧萧，鸡鸣胶胶；风雨如悔，鸡鸣不已。”为什么不直接说出要写的内容，而要先言他物呢？通过对诗经的研究，有些诗中的兴起到了渲染气氛的作用，例如，风雨写的是在傍晚时节，外面下班着小雨，刮着风，女主人公正在思念着自己的夫君，此时，听见了外面的鸡鸣声。烘托出女主人公的相思、愁怅之情。兴在这里就起到了渲染了一种凄凉的气氛，加深抒情女主人公的相思之情,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

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7、5篇。按照音乐的特点，分为“风”“雅”“颂”三个部分。 “风”又叫“国风”，是各地的歌谣。计有“周南”“召南”等十五国风，共160篇，其中大部分为周代民歌，是诗经中的精华,雅”是西周王畿地区的雅乐，共105篇，又分为“大雅”“小雅”。“大雅”31篇，用于诸侯朝会；“小雅”74篇，用于贵宾宴享。 “颂”是统治阶级宗庙祭祀的舞曲歌辞，其中“周颂”31篇，“鲁颂”4篇，“商颂”5篇，共40篇,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

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10、诗唐代的古风、新乐府,古体诗和近体诗,近体诗：隋唐出现的新诗体，有绝句和律诗两种。律诗通常为8句（超过8句的称为排律或长律），律诗分为首联、颔联、颈联和尾联。绝句为4句。根据每句字数，可分为五律、七律、五绝、七绝，讲究韵律平仄，律诗还讲究对仗。除排律外，句数都有限定。结构整齐、讲究押韵、规定平仄是近体诗的最大特点,诗歌是最早出现的文学体裁，有着和其他体裁截然不同的特点。归结为五个方面：抒情性是诗歌的最基本特点；诗歌通过形象典型地反映生活；诗歌通过意境表达思想感情；古典诗歌具有精练和含蓄的特征；古代诗歌具有音乐美,字词学习,雎鸠（ ） 窈窕（ ） 逑（ ） 参差（ ） 荇菜（ ） 琴瑟（ ） 寤

11、寐（ ） 芼（ ） 蒹葭（ ） 溯洄（ ） 萋萋（ ） 晞（ ） 湄（ ） 跻（ ） 坻（ ） 涘（ ） 沚（,s,s,zh,jin ji,qi,x,xn,q,ch,j,yo tio,mo,s hu,j ji,cn c,w mi,mi,古今异义,左右流之（古义：捞取 今义：流动） 道阻且右（古义：艰险 今义：阻挡,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

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16、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 窈窕淑女，君子好逑。 参差荇菜，左右流之。 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之。 求之不得，寤寐思服,悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧。 参差荇菜，左右采之。 窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之。 参差荇菜，左右芼之。 窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之,关关雎鸠，在河之洲。 窈窕淑女，君子好逑,关关雎鸠：雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫。关关，拟声词。 雎鸠，一种水鸟，一般认为就是鱼鹰,洲：水中的陆地,窈窕淑女：窈窕，指文静美好的样子。淑，美、 美好,君子好逑：君子，当时对贵族男子的统称。好逑， 好配偶。逑，配偶,疏通文意,这两句运用了比兴的写作手法，以成双成对的雎鸠来象征人间的爱情。以“窈窕淑

17、女，君子好逑”为纲目，统摄全诗,译文：雎鸠鸟不停地鸣叫，立在那河中沙洲上。文静美好的少女，是小伙子好的配偶,参差荇菜，左右流之。 窈窕淑女，寤寐求之,参差：长短不齐,荇菜：一种可食的水草,流：捞取,寤寐：这里意思是日日夜夜。 寤，醒时。寐，睡时,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右两边捞取。文静美好的少女，日日夜夜想追求,求之不得，寤寐思服。 悠哉悠哉，辗转反侧,思服：思念,悠：忧思的样子,辗转反侧：形容心中有事，躺在床上翻来覆去地不能入睡,译文：追求没能如心愿，日夜牵挂在心头。长夜漫漫不到头，翻来覆去难成眠,动作描写：“辗转反侧”，运用动作描写，突出其内心的不平静。形象逼真地表现了主人公深深

18、的思念之情,参差荇菜，左右采之。 窈窕淑女，琴瑟友之,琴瑟友之：弹琴鼓瑟对她表示亲近,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右采摘。文静美好的少女，我弹奏着琴瑟和你亲近,这两句设想姑娘已经答应自己的请求，便兴奋地弹琴、鼓瑟以亲近她,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

19、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

20、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,参差荇菜，左右芼之。 窈窕淑女，钟鼓乐之,芼：挑选,钟鼓乐之：敲击钟鼓使她快乐。乐，形容词的使动用法，使快乐,译文：水中长短不齐的荇菜，在船的左右挑选。文静美好的少女，我敲击着钟鼓使你快乐,这四句反复叠唱：描写姑娘在水边一左一右采摘、捞取荇菜，就眼前之景起兴,这两句设想与女子结婚时鼓乐齐鸣的欢乐场面，表现男子的强烈愿望,诗人思想感情变化的过程,渴望与追求,欢聚和成亲,忧

21、思与烦恼,幻想,受挫,关 雎,第一章：爱慕,第二章：思念,第三章：愿望,追求爱情,窈窕淑女,君子好逑,寤寐思服,辗转反侧,琴瑟友之,钟鼓乐之,结构梳理,联想到爱情真诚（起兴,苦闷与焦灼（实写,和谐与欢乐（虚写,关雎写一个男子对女子的思念、追求的过程，写求之不得的焦虑和幻想求而得之的喜悦，反映了古代劳动人民对美好爱情的向往和执着的追求,主旨概括,蒹 葭,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

22、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成

23、才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,朗读课文,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。 溯洄从之，道阻且长。 溯游从之，宛在水中央,蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。 所谓伊人，在水之湄。 溯洄从之，道阻且跻。 溯游从之，宛在水中坻,蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘。 溯洄从之，道阻且右。

24、 溯游从之，宛在水中沚,蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方,蒹葭：芦苇,白露为霜：白色的露水结成了霜,所谓：所说的,疏通文意,苍苍：茂盛的样子,伊人：那人，指所爱的人,在水一方：在水的另一边，指对岸,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

25、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

26、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,译文：大片的芦苇青苍苍，清晨的露水变成霜。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在对岸河边上,这几句营造了怎样的氛围？抒发了什么感情,开头以“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”起兴，描绘了一幅露凝霜结的凄清的晚秋图。从物象与色泽上点明了时间和环境，为全诗渲染了凄清、惆怅的气氛，抒发了主人公孤寂彷徨、幽思百结的心绪,溯洄从之，道阻且长。 溯游从之，宛在水中央,溯洄从之：逆流而上去追寻。溯洄，逆流而上。 洄，逆流。从，跟随

27、、追寻,阻：艰险,溯游：顺流而下,宛：仿佛、好像,溯洄”“溯游”的连用，侧面刻画了主人公追求的一往情深与执著、内心的焦急与忧愁,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又漫长。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像就站在水的中央,蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。 所谓伊人，在水之湄,萋萋：茂盛的样子,晞：干,湄：岸边，水与草相接的地方,这四句表现了伊人难寻,译文：芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨露水没有干。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在河的岸边,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

28、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

29、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,溯洄从之，道阻且跻。 溯游从之，宛在水中坻,道阻且跻：路又险又高。阻，险。跻，高,坻：水中的高地,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又难攀登。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的高地上,这几句描写河水

30、苍茫浩渺、飘忽不定，虽然伊人可望不可即，但主人公并没有因此放弃，仍执著追求，这两句强烈地表现了主人公的相思之情,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

31、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

32、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蒹葭采采，白露未已。所谓伊人，在水之涘,采采：茂盛鲜明的样子,未已：没有完，这里指还没有干,译文：芦苇长得非常茂盛，清晨的露水还没有完。我所怀念的心上人啊，她就站在河那边,涘：水边,溯洄从之，道阻且右。 溯游从之，宛在水中沚,右：向右迂曲,沚：水中的小块陆地,译文：逆流而上去追寻她，道路艰险又弯曲。顺流而下去追寻她，她好像站在水中的陆地上,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

33、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状

34、元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,蒹葭苍苍”“蒹葭萋萋”“蒹葭采采,重章叠句：采用重章叠句的手法，更显韵味绵长。一再“溯洄”“溯游”，几度寻踪求索，不避险阻，可谓情真意切,蒹 葭,

35、反复咏叹,在水一方,伊人难求,结构梳理,伊人,溯洄从之道阻且长,溯游从之宛在水中央,在水之湄,溯洄从之道阻且跻,溯游从之宛在水中坻,在水之涘,溯洄从之道阻且右,溯游从之宛在水中沚,蒹葭是一首情景相生的爱情诗。通过对实际情景的描写和对想象、幻想的描述，淋漓尽致地表达了主人公对伊人可望不可即的苦恼和惆怅,主旨概括,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

36、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,

37、状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.反复咏叹，凸显感情。 蒹葭三章采用重章叠句的形式，反复写“可望而不可即”的渴慕深情，但在重章复沓中景物有变化，感情也有发展，这样就显得富于变化而无呆滞之弊。诗篇语言质朴，接近于当时的口语，但于质朴中又有蕴味，使人深感其朴素之美,写法借鉴,2.虚实结合，想象丰富。 诗中实写蒹葭、小洲、

38、河流等，而所谓“伊人”则是虚写。每章都是先写秋景，写路远难寻心上人，结尾却用“宛在”一转，似乎“她”就在前面，用想象描绘出了他对恋人的强烈思慕渴求之情,关雎和蒹葭二者的风格和表现手法有何不同,深入探究,关雎一诗重在“叙事”，可以看出主人公从爱上“窈窕淑女”到追求她，追求不到又在幻想中得到她这样一条线索。蒹葭没有一个明确故事，只选一个场景。第二、三章是第一章的反复咏叹。凸显追寻的艰险和主人公的执著。蒹葭比关雎情感韵味更浓郁,在艺术手法上，蒹葭比关雎“兴”的特点更突出。“蒹葭”“水”“伊人”交相辉映，浑然一体，用作比兴的事物与所要描绘的对象形成了一个完整的艺术世界。“朦胧”和“距离”正是这首诗的动

39、人之处,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

40、成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元

41、成才路,课后习题参考答案,一 诗经多采用重章叠句的形式，即上下句或上下章基本相同，只是更换其中的几个字，造成回环往复的表达效果。选择本课中的一首诗，做具体分析,诗经章法形式的重要特征就是重章叠句、反复咏唱，也就是一首诗由若干章构成，章与章之间字句基本相同，只对应的变换少数字词，反复咏唱，重章复唱的形式，又称为叠咏体，是民歌中常用的样式,这一方面因为民歌所要表达的情感是单纯而深挚的，只有重要的反复咏唱才能充分抒情达意；另一方面是因为民歌是口头传唱的，这种形式便于记忆和传诵。如“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜。所谓伊人，在水一方。溯洄从之，道阻且长。溯游从之，宛在水中央。蒹葭萋萋，白露未晞。所谓伊人，在水之湄

42、。溯洄从之，道阻且跻。溯游从之，宛在水中坻。,二 诗经经常使用比、兴手法。比，即比喻；兴，指先说别的事物，引出所吟咏的对象。诵读这两首诗，看看哪些诗句使用了比、兴手法，并举例分析,比、兴是诗经的两种表现手法。比：以此喻彼地打比方，使抽象的事理具体化。兴：就是由此及彼，由物及情，触景生情。如关雎中用“关关雎鸠，在河之洲”，借眼前景以兴起下文的“窈窕淑女，君子好逑”。同时关雎和鸣，也比喻男女求偶或男女间和谐恩爱,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

43、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

44、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,三 蒹葭一诗没有直接诉说主人公的思念之情，但其思念却绵远悠长；没有直接描写“伊人”，但其身影却无处不在。说说这首诗是怎样达到这种效果的,所谓“蒹葭苍苍，白露为霜”“蒹葭凄凄，白露未晞”“蒹

45、葭采采，白露未已”，刻画的是一片秋水岸边凄清的秋天景色，描绘了一幅秋苇苍苍,白露茫茫、寒霜浓重的清凉景色，暗衬出诗人此时此景的心情，又暗寓了诗人此时困于愁思苦想之中的凄惋心境，这样写把暮秋特有的景色与人物委婉惆怅的相思感情交铸在一起，未道一声思念而思念之情全然展现。 “伊人”指诗人朝思暮想的意中人。眼前本来是秋景寂寂，秋水漫漫，什么也没有，可由于牵肠,挂肚的思念，他似乎遥遥望见意中人就在水的那一边，于是想去追寻她，以期欢聚。可她一会儿在岸边，一会在水中央，真是如同在幻景中、在梦境中。诗人坚信这是真实的，不惜一切努力和艰辛去追寻她，可望而不可及，似真不真，似假不假，因而她兀自在水边徘徊往复，神魂

46、不安。一幅朦胧的意境，一种痴迷的心情，使整个诗篇蒙上了一片迷惘与感伤的情调,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才

47、路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,四 诗经中的诗多是四字一句，两字一顿，各章还常常重复咏唱。朗读并背诵这两首诗，感受其节奏