初中语法-现在完成时课件

1、语法课堂,上一页,现在完成时,下一页,主菜单,同学们好！今天我们介绍的英语语法知识是时态中的现在完成时。现在完成时是中考考纲要求的五种基本时态之一，要求同学们必须掌握并熟练运用。这种时态的动词变化，基本用法，时间状语，特殊结构等要点与其他四种时态相比要有一定的难度，希望同学们重视并且能够从下面的介绍中获得帮助,present(now,future,past,do my homework,现在完成时,主菜单,上一页,下一页,现在完成时的构成,现在完成时的主要用法,现在完成时的时间状语,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,have been 与have gone 比较,与一般过去时的用法比较,现在完成时的构

2、成,主菜单,上一页,下一页,have (has）+ 过去分词,过去分词的构成,上一页,下一页,AAA,主菜单,ABB,ABC,ABC,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词。 1 leave -_-_ 2 catch-_-_ 3 tell-_-_ 4 stand-_-_ 5 get-_-_ 6 hurt-_-_ 7 put-_-_ 8 come-_-_ 9 run-_-_ 10 begin-_-_ 11 swim-_-_ 12 draw-_-_ 13 know-_-_ 14 do-_-_ 15 go-_-_,16 give-_-_ 17 see-_-_ 18 drive-_-_ 19 take-_-_

3、 20 be-_-_ 21 eat-_-_ 22 write-_-_ 23 speak-_-_ 24 steal-_-_ 25 tear-_-_,left left,caught caught,told told,stood stood,got got,hurt hurt,put put,came come,ran run,began begun,swam swum,drew drawn,knew known,did done,went gone,gave given,saw seen,drove driven,took taken,was,were been,ate eaten,wrote

4、written,spoke spoken,stole stolen,tore torn,Please remember them,Homework,抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。 1.be- e 3.go- 4.do 5.have- 6.drink 7.give- 8. eat 9.know- 10.make 11.run- 12.say 13.see- 14.find 15.draw- 16.get 17.hear- 18.begin 19.buy- 20.leave,was/were -been,came-come,went-gone,did-done,had-had,drank-drun

5、k,gave-given,ate-eaten,knew-known,made-made,ran-run,said-said,saw-seen,found-found,drew-drawn,got-got,heard-heard,began-begun,bought-bought,left-left,写出下列动词的过去式及过去分词 1 become_-_ 2 break_-_ 3 bring _-_ 4 build_-_ 5 bite_-_ 6 catch_-_ 7 choose_-_ 8 cut_-_ 9 fall_-_ 10 fly_-_ 11 forget_-_ 12 grow_-_,13

6、 hit_-_ 14 hurt_-_ 15 keep_-_ 16 lend_-_ 17 lose_-_ 18 meet_-_ 19 put_-_ 20read_-_ 21 ring_-_,became become,broke broken,brought brought,built built,bit bit,caught caught,chose chosen,cut cut,fell fallen,flew flown,forgot forgotten,grew grown,hit hit,hurt hurt,kept kept,lent lent,lost lost,met met,p

7、ut put,read read,rang rung,现在完成时的基本句型,肯定式：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 否定式: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词,例句,1. I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间。 2. He hasnt finished his homework. 他还没完成作业。 3.Have you read this novel ? 你看过这本小说吗？ Yes , I have. 是的，看过了。No, I havent. 不，没

8、看过。 4. We have studied English for two years. 我们已经学了两年英语了。 5. They havent seen each other since 1998. 自从1998年他们就没再见过面,现在完成时的主要用法,上一页,下一页,Its so dark. -Someone has turned off the light. (有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑,Are you free? -I have finished my homework. I am free (我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空,主菜单,1.表示过去发生

9、的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,上一页,下一页,I have learnt English for more than ten years.我已经学了10多年的英语。 (从10年前开始,持续到现在还在学) She has swum since half an hour ago. 我已经游泳了半个小时 (半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用.表示持续动作或状态的词应是延续性动词.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间状语连用

10、,3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历,上一页,下一页,I have ever been to the Summer Palace? (我曾去过颐和园,I have never had a car. (我从未有过汽车。,现在完成时的主要用法,主菜单,3表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历,现在完成时的主要用法,1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态,现在完成时的时间状语,常与already, never, ever, just, yet, before, up to now, so far, for the last few w

11、eeks these days, since for a long time 连用,上一页,下一页,主菜单,a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句,He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗,b） never 是

12、否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经,We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗,c） just表示“刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间,He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作,d） before 用于完成时，而ago 用于过去时,He has start

13、ed his work ten years before. 他十年前就已经开始他的工作了。 He started his work ten years ago. 他是十年前开始他的工作的,常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词: already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasnt done his homework yet. just(刚刚) They have just left. ever(曾经) Have you ever been to Beijing ? never(从不) I

14、have never seen him . before(以前) Have you seen the film before? since(自从以来) Ive worked in the school since 1999. for(长达) Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years. in the past several days / weeks/ years(在过去的) recently(最近) I have not written to my parents recently. so far(到目前为止) So far she has learned 5 Eng

15、lish songs. up to now(到目前为止) this morning/month/year(今天早上/这个月/今年,Mother: John, clean your teeth please,John: Mum, I have already(已经) cleaned them,comb your hair - have combed it wash your hands - have washed them study for English test - have studied for it tell me the truth -have told you everythin

16、g visit your grandpa - have visited him listen to the English tape - have listened to it,Mother: John, clean your teeth please,John: Mum, I have already cleaned them,Father: Tell your sister to buy some milk, John,John: Oh, she has just(刚刚) bought some,Father: Tell your sister to buy some milk, John

17、,John: Oh, she has just bought some,carry some water for the old man -has carried some boil some water - has boiled some make some coffee - has made some call Mr. Smith - has called him mend the shirt - has mended it dry her hair -has dried hers,短暂性动词与时间段的关系,短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，这些动词是：become, begi

18、n, buy, borrow, come (go, arrive), die, finish, join, leave, 等,上一页,下一页,为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词,主菜单,become be, begin have , borrow keep, buy have, come (go, arrive, get) be here/there/in， die be dead, finish be over, join be in （be a member of ） leave be away ( from,下一页,上一页,主菜单,但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与

19、时间段连用。 如：I havent bought the bike for a year. 我买这辆自行车还不到一年。 She hasnt come here for an hour. 她来这儿还没有一个小时,上一页,下一页,主菜单,翻 译 练 习： 1.我买了这块手表五年了。 2.这位老人已经死了十年了,I have bought this watch for five years. I have had this watch for five years/since 5 years ago,The old man has died for ten years. The old man ha

20、s been dead for ten years/since 10 years ago,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,3.他已经回来三天了。 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5.我离开家乡已十年了,He has come back for 3 days. He has been back for 3 days/since 3 days ago,He has come here since 6 oclock. He has been here since 6 oclock,I have left hometown for 10 years. I have been away from home

21、town for 10 years,W,W,W,下一页,上一页,主菜单,have been 与have gone 的用法比较,have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。 have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。 have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了,上一页,下一页,主菜单,Has she ever been to Nanjing? 她曾去过南京吗？ You have never been there, have you? 你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？ I have been to Gu

22、iling ,I went there last year. 我去过桂林，我去年去的。 She has gone to Nanjing. 她已经去南京了,上一页,下一页,主菜单,用have/has been to, have/has gone to填空： 1.Where is your brother? He _ the shop. Hell be back soon. 2. _ you ever _ to America? Yes, I _ New York twice. 3. Here you are at last! Where _ you _? I _ London. 4. David

23、 _ Australia. Im sure hes already arrived. 5. Is Benny here? No, he _ the school library. He left five minutes ago,has gone to,Have been to,have been to,have been,have been to,has gone to,has gone to,与一般过去时的用法比较,一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只讲述

24、发生在过去的动作和事情与现在没有关系,上一页,下一页,主菜单,eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他已经买了一本英汉字典。 He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. 他曾买过一本英汉字典,上一页,下一页,第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He bought an English-Chinese dictionary. And he still has it” “过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典”,第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调

25、说明,主菜单,二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时,上一页,下一页,eg: I saw the film on television yesterday,但since(自以来)+某一过去时间或叙述过去事情的从句总是与现在完成时连用,eg： They have known each other since 1950,Since he was a child ,he has lived in England,主菜单,三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语,上一页,下一页,yesterday(昨天), the day before yesterday(前天

26、), just now(刚才)， 时间+ ago, last +时间 等,eg: The plane took off ten minutes ago,We finished our task last week,主菜单,上一页,现在完成时练习,主菜单,动 词 填 空： 1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago. 2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it

27、last week. 3. How many times _you_(be) there,Have,cleaned,have done,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting. 5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. 6. So far, many countries _(develop) their s

28、oftware programs. 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year. 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last year,have read,has gone,did,go,went,have developed,gave,has given,下一页,上一页,主菜单,选用 for和 since填空: 1.We havent seen each other _ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago. 3.The film has

29、 been on _ 20 minutes. 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China. 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years. 6. Its five years _ we met last time,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一页,上一页,主菜单,用Have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空,Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year. Mum i

30、s not at home now. she _ the shop. _ you ever _ to kunming ? Never. Where _ you _ these days? Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ here for several days. Where is Peter? I dont know where he _. Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you,have been in,has gone to,have been,Have been,has been,has gone

31、,have been,下一页,上一页,主菜单,改 错 1. How long have you begun to study English? 2. I have borrowed this book for two weeks. 3. The river has become very dirty since last August. 4. Our manager is away today. He has been to Guangzhou on business. 5. He has gone out for two years,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下

32、一页,上一页,主菜单,The house is dirty. We _it for weeks. A didnt clean B hadnt cleaned C dont clean D havent cleaned 2. -_the sports meeting might be put off.-Yes, it all depends on the weather.A Ive been told B Ive told C Im told D I told 3. - Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _here only a few minutes.A have been B had been C was D will be 4. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B have met C met D meet 5. -Will you go to Beijing for vacation ?-I _ to go