(完整版)2018届高考英语二轮专题复习讲义：定语从句(含答案)2017.8.30,推荐文档

1、大连铁路中学语法专项之定语从句篇编制人：刘赟慧 使用时间 2017.9 晚课2018 高考英语二轮复习：定语从句 讲义【考纲解读】据考纲要求,考生应做到:1. 熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;2. 区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；4. which 与 that 的区别；as 与 which 的区别；whose 与 of which 的转换。【考点纵横】2017 年2016 年全国卷2015 年新课标卷20152016 年地方卷目前这么考全国卷(定语从句 关 系 代 词 that / which 定语从句 who) 北京(定语从句 where) 江苏(定语从句

2、 whose) 浙江(非限制性定语从句 whose)天津(定语从句 where)全国卷(定语从句who;状语从句 as /when)新课标 卷(定语从句关系代词 that/ which)新课标 卷(定语从句where)2016 年江苏(定语从句)2016 年浙江(定语从句)2016 年北京(定语从句)2015 年湖南(非限制性定语从句 which)2015 年广东(定语从句 where)2015 年四川(定语从句 whose)今后怎么考?1. 找准先行词，准确判断先行词在定语从句中所做的成分。2. 关注定语从句的考查重点，难点和交叉点。并列句，状语从句，强调句，名词性从句和定语从句的综合考查。

3、【考题导引】考点：考查定语从句。（2017 北京卷）31. the little problemswe meet in our daily lives may be13inspirations for great inventions.a. thatb. asc. whered. when【答案】a（2017 江 苏 ）24.the publication of great expectations,whichboth widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened dickens status as a leadingnovelist.a.is

4、b.arec.wasd.were24.考查定语从句的主谓一致。先行词是 greatexpectations，“great expectations”是书名，看做单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据“strengthened”可知，“被广泛阅读和得到高度评价”发生在过去，故选 c。（2017 江 苏 ）28. in 1963 the un set up the world food programme, one ofpurposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.a. whichb. itsc. whosed. whom28. 考查定语从句。先行

5、词是“the world food programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是，whose 在定语从句中作定语，这里限定 purposes，故选 c。（2017 全 国 ） having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack( 吃 点 心 ) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.however, be69(care) not to go to extremes. like anything, it is possible to

6、 have too much of both,70is not good for the health.70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知 which is not good for the health 为非限制性定语从句， 先行词为前文中的 have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填 which。（2017 全国）in their spare time,they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden,that is on th

7、e rooftop of their house.考察非限定性定语从句。所以把 which 改成 that.（2017 全国）but sarah, 64has taken part in shows along with top models wants 65(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined tocarry on with her 66 (educate).定语从句缺少主语 who（2017 全 国 ）around me in picture are the things they were very

8、 important in my life at that time,car magazines and musical instruments.they that/which定语从句用 that 或者 which 指代 photos。（2017 天津）9. my eldest son,work takes him all over the world, is in new york at the moment.a. thatb. whosec. hisd. who【答案】b【解析】试题分析：本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 my eldest son, 根据句意和空后名词，确定引导词做定

9、语，在定语从句中只有引导词 whose 修饰名词做定语，意为：.的.。故选 b。表示地点用 where（2017 浙江）pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden,64it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.(2016 全 国 )some people think th

10、at the great chinese scholar confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 bc, influenced the development of chopsticks.解析：who此处 who 引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语。(2016 江苏)many young people，most ofwere well-educated，headedfor remote regions to chase their dreams.解析：whom本题定语从句的先行词是 people，关系代词 whom 指代先行词 people，在从句中

11、作介词 of 的宾语。(2016 浙 江 )scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none ofhas been proved.解析：这是一个非限制性定语从句,先行词是 theories，指物，这里用“代词 + of + which”引导定语从句，which 作介词 of 的宾语。(2016 北京)i live door to a couplechildren often make a lot of noise.解析：whosecouple 是先行词，children 和 couple 是

12、所属关系，故填whose。(2015 陕 西 )as the smallest child of his family，alex is always longing for the timehe should be able to be independent.解析：when此处用 when 引导定语从句修饰先行词 the time，the time 在从句中作时间状语。考点精讲【考点 1】定语从句常见引导词【考点 2】that 与 which，who，whom 的用法区别【考点 3】as 与 which 的区别【考点 4】关系副词的用法重点关注1. 选择关系代词和关系副词的三个原则(1)根据

13、所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性； (2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物； (3)根据关系词在从句中所充当的成分。若从句中缺主语、宾语、定语或表语，则用关系代词；若从句中缺状语， 则用关系副词。2. 牢记定语从句的特殊用法看到先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如 point，situation，case，stage等，若引导词在从句中作状语，则常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；若不作状语，则常用关系代词 that/which。3. 熟记 as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别(1) 位置不同as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；which

14、引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。(2) 含义不同as 意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是see，know，expect，say，mention，report，announce 等；which 意为“这一点”。4. “介词关系代词”中介词的选择原则(1)根据介词与定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配； (2)根据介词与前面先行词的习惯搭配；(3) 根据介词与定语从句中形容词的习惯搭配；(4) 在非限制性定语从句中表“所有关系”或“整体中的一部分”时常用介词of。5巧辨定语从句与其他从句(1) 定语从句与名词性从句的区别定语从句前必须有先行词，先行词通常为名词或代词；名词性从句除同位语从句外，前面均

15、无名词或代词。(2) 定语从句与同位语从句的区别二者前通常都有名词或代词，但定语从句起修饰、限定作用；同位语从句起解释、说明作用；引导定语从句的 that 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；而引导同位语从句的 that 在从句中不作成分。(3) 非限制性定语从句与并列句的区别若前后句之间有 and，but，so 等并列连词或分号等，则为并列句；若只有逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面某一名词或句子的补充说明，则为非限制性定语从句。【真题感悟】1(2015新课标全国卷语法填空)id skipped nearby guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the l

16、imestone mountain tops and dark waters of the li river are pictured by artists in so many chinese paintings.2(2015广东高考语法填空)when harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the marketpeople from the towns met regularly.3(2014新课标全国卷语法填空)maybe you are facing an impossibl

17、esituation. maybe you have a habitis driving your familycrazy.4(2013广东高考语法填空)nicks guests,had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.5(2015江苏高考改编)the number of smokers,is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.6(2015四川高考改编)the books on t

18、he desk,covers are shiny, are prizes for us.7(2015陕西高考改编)as the smallest child of his family, alex is always longing for the timehe should be able to be independent.8(2015重庆高考改编)he wrote manychildrens books, nearly half of were published in the 1990s.9(2016高考全国乙卷语法填空)but my connection with pandas go

19、es back to my days on a tv show in the mid-1980s，i was the first western tvreporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.10(2016高考全国丙卷语法填空)some people think that the great chinese scholar confucius，lived from roughly 551 to 479 bc.，influenced thedeve

20、lopment of chopsticks.11(2013高考新课标全国卷单选，4 改编)when i arrived，bryan took me to see the housei would be staying.12(2012高考新课标全国卷单选，8 改编)that evening，i will tell you more about later，i ended up working very late.13. 【2011 全国卷 i) 31】the prize will go to the writerstory shows the most imagination.a. thatb.

21、 whichc. whosed. what【2011全国卷ii）7】ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a t-shirt,is a stupid thing to do in such weathera. thisb. thatc. whatd. which【2011北京卷）26】mary was much kinder to jack than she was to the others, , of course, make all the others upset.a. whob. whichc. whatd. th

22、at【2011上海卷) 39】youll find taxis waiting at the bus stationyou can hire to reach your host family.a. whichb. wherec. whend. as【2011山东卷）32】the old town has narrow streets and small housesare built close to each other.a. theyb. wherec. whatd. that【2011江西卷）34】sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,the cons

23、tructionhad taken more than three years.a. for whichb. with whichc. of whichd. to which【2011江苏卷）24】between the two parts of the concert is an interval, the audience can buy ice-cream.a. whenb. wherec. thatd. which【2011安徽卷）28】whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, it will keep for tw

24、o or three weeks.a. whenb. whichc. whered. while【2011浙江卷）8】english is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each ofuses it somewhat differently.a. whichb. whatc. themd. those【2011浙江卷）10】a bank is the placethey lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.a

25、. whenb. thatc. whered. there【2011福建卷）24】she has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students,allows them to communicate freely with each other.a. whichb. wherec. whatd. who【2011 福建卷）33】it was april 29,2001prince william and kate middleton walked into the palace hall of the wedding ceremony.at

26、hatbwhencsincedbefore【2011四川卷）17】the school shop,customers are mainly students,is closed few the holidays.a. whichb. whosec. whend. where【2011天津卷）10】the days are gonephysical strength was all you needed to make a living.a. whenb. thatc. whered. which【 2011 陕 西 卷 ）11 】 i walked up to the top of the h

27、ill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.a. whichb. wherec. whod. that【2011湖南卷)25】julie was good at german, french and russian , all of she spoke fluently.a. whob. whomc. whichd. that【2012 浙江卷】17. ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, for some reason, had withdrawn from all h

28、uman society.a. whichb. whoc. whered. whom【2012 浙江卷】9. _we live in an agemoreinformationisavailablewith greater ease than ever before.a. whyb. whenc. to whomd. on which【2012 江苏卷】22. aftertheflooding,peopleweresufferinginthatarea,urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.a. whichb.

29、 whoc. whered. what【2012 重庆卷】29. sales director is a positioncommunication ability is just as important as salesa. whichb. thatc. whend. where【2012 四川卷】13. in our class there are 46 students,half wear glasses.a. in whomb. in themc. of whomd. of them【 2012 陕 西 卷 】 14. it is the third time that she ha

30、s won the race,has surprised us all.a. thatb. wherec. whichd.what【2012 北京卷】26. when deeply absorbed in work,he often was，he would forget all about eating or sleeping.a. thatb. whichc. whered. when【2012 天津卷】i wish to thank professor smith, withouthelp i would never have got this far.a.whob. whosec. w

31、homd. which 2013 上 海 卷 38. an ecosystem consists of the living and nonliving things in anareainteract with one another.a. thatb. wherec. whod. what2013 浙 江 卷 13the museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platformvisitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.a. whatb. whe

32、rec. whend. why2013重庆卷 24john invited about 40 people tohis wedding, most of are family members.athembthatcwhichdwhom2013陕西卷16is often the case with children, amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.a. itb. thatc. whatd. as 2013 四 川 卷 9 nowadays people are more concerned about the environment

33、they live.a.whatb. whichc. whend. where2013山东卷35 finally he reached a lonely island cut off from the outside world.a. whenb. wherec. whichd. whomwas completely2013山东卷 31there is no simple answer, science.a. asb. thatc. whend. whereis often the case in2013辽宁卷 34 he may win the competition, get into t

34、he national team.he is likely toain which casebin that casecin what casedin whose case 2013江西卷 33he wrote a letterhe explained what had happenedin the accident.a. whatb. whichc. whered. how2013 江 苏 32 the president of the world bank says he has a passion for china，he remembers starting as early as h

35、is childhood.awherebwhichcwhatdwhen2013湖南卷 21 happiness and success often come to thoseare good at recognizing their own strengths.a. whomb. whoc. whatd. which2013 福 建 卷 27 the book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of thoselives were affected.a. whoseb. thatc. whod. which2013北京卷 27ma

36、ny countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.a. whenb. whichc. whosed. where2013安徽卷 29 mo yan was awarded the nobel prize for literature in 2012, made one of the chinese peoples longheld dreams come trueaitbthatcwhatdwhich2013天津卷6 we have launched another manmad

37、e satellite，is announced in todays newspaper.a. thatb. whichcwhodwhat2013 浙江5. the children,had played the whole day long, were worn out.a. all of whatb. all of whichc. all of themd. all of whom 2014安徽卷 the exact yearanglela and her family spent together in china was 2008.awhenbwherecwhydwhich2014北京

38、卷 i borrowed the book sherlock holmes from the library last week，my classmates recommended to me.awhobwhichcwhendwhere2014 福 建 卷 students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.awhobwhencwhichdwhere2014湖南卷 i am looking forward to the daymy daughter can

39、read this book and know my feelings for her.a. asb. whyc. whend. where2014 江 苏 卷 the book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at worka good impression is a must.awhichbwhencasdwhere2014江西卷 among the many dangerssailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.a. whichb. whatc. whered. when2014山东卷 a companyprofits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.awhichbwhosecwhodwhy2014陕西卷 please send us all the informationyou have about the candidate for the position.a. thatb. whichc. asd. what2014四川卷 until now, we have raised 50，000 poun