2017年5月7日非谓语动词深度用法讲解打印版.doc

1、陈才英语教育及辅导中心【2017年4种非谓语动词深度用法讲解】【佛山中学非谓语动词深度用法讲解】辅导老师： 陈老师 辅导学生：【日期：2017年5月5日】【一】非谓语动词的定义【不能作谓语/不能单独作谓语的动词】（1） 动名词/动词不定式完全不能作谓语（2） 现在分词和过去分词是不能单独作谓语,但是可以和助动词be .have/has,had 一起作句子谓语She is watching TV.（watching 为现在分词，不能单独作谓语，必须要和助动词is 一起作句子的谓语，即作is watching谓语）An apple was eaten just now（eaten 为过去分词，不能

2、单独作谓语，必须要和助动词was 一起作句子的谓语, was eaten作谓语）【二】非谓语动词分类【不定式；动名词；现在分词；过去分词】动词不定式【infinitive】【to do】动名词【gerund】【doing】现在分词【present participle】【doing】过去分词【past participle】【done】【三】非谓语动词在句中充当成分【1】主语(subject) 句子陈述对象/句子叙述主体【2】表语(predicative) 与系动词一起说明主语的成分【3】宾语(objective) 句子谓语动词支配对象【4】定语(attribute) 修饰名词/代词成分【5】

3、补足语(complement) 补充主语和宾语的成分【6】状语(adverbial) 修饰动词/形容词/副词成分【7】同位语(appositive)用来解释名词的成分【8】独立成分(independent element)【四】非谓语动词语态【主动；被动】【主动=to do；被动to be done】She wants to go to America.如果动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的执行者，那么就用动词不定式主动语态.Nobody wants to be laughed at.Nobody wants to be defeated.如果动词不定式逻辑主语是动词不定式动作的承受者，那么

4、就用动词不定式被动语态.【五】非谓语动词时态【一般；进行；完成】【一般式to do; to be done】（表示不定式动作在谓语动词动作之后，或者几乎同时发生）She hopes to become an artist.Mary decided to go swimming with us.Everyone wants to be better treated.I am so happy to see youI am glad to see you.He has decided to give her some money.I will borrow some books to read d

5、uring the holidays.【进行式to be doing】表示不定式动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，且正在进行）The boy pretends to be studying hard.Mr.White and his wife happened to be quarreling when I passed by.Some dogs were found to be looking for food around.He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him.【完成式to have done; to have been

6、 done】表示不定式动词动作在谓语动词动作前发生）I am so sorry to have given you so much trouble.The novel is said to have been published【六】非谓语动词具有名词，形容词，副词特点非谓语动词可以当“名词”使用，作主语，宾语，表语，同位语.非谓语动词可以当”形容词使用“可作，定语，表语，补足语.非谓语动词可以当”副词”使用能作状语.（非谓语动词不受句子主语人称和数的限制，也就说不随主语人称和数的变化而变化.所以也叫非限定性动词）第一章节：动词不定式【一】动词不定时形式：（即不定时符号+动词原形构成。（to

7、do ）【二】动词不定式意义：表示具体一次动词行为或者将要发生动作行为。【三】动词不定式用法第1个用法：动词不定式作主语【1】真正动词动词不定式做主语To say something is one thing; to do something is another thing.To see is to believe.To act like that is childish.【2】形式主语it代替真正动词动词不定式主语It will take me three hours to finish the job.It is of great importance to solve the hous

8、ing problem.It is not easy to learn English well.It is good to help others.【3】形式主语it代替真正动词动词不定式复合结构主语A:带有逻辑主语动词不定式作句子主语的形容词归纳。即用介词for/of把不定式逻辑主语引出来。To learn a foreign language well is not easy. Its not easy to learn a foreign language well. 要把一门外语学好不容易。 To play football is very interesting. Its very

9、 interesting to play football. 踢足球很有趣。 留言提醒：在实际操作中，不定式（短语）还有权招聘一个逻辑主语，并由of / for出面料理-Its + adj. + for / of sb. + to do sth.，下例中的for me即是Its difficult for us to finish the work. 对我们来说，完成这项工作很困难。Its hard for me to answer your question. 要我回答你的问题很难。Its very kind of you to help me.你能帮我，真好。注意：(1) of sb.和f

10、or sb.这两种结构还有一个区别，在of sb.结构中，可用sb.直接作句子的主语来改写成“Its形容词of sb.动词不定式”结构。试比较：Its foolish of him to go alone. (=He was foolish to go alone.) 他单独出去太傻了。Its kind of you to give me the book. (=You are kind to give me the book.) 你给我这本书，真是太好了。for sb.结构则不能这样转换。不可以说：We are difficult to finish the work. (2) . 动词不定

11、式作主语，同时有另一个不定式作表语时，不能转换成“Its.to do sth.”的句型。正 To see is to believe. 百闻不如一见。误 Its to believe to see.(3)“疑问代(副)词+动词不定式”也可以在句中作主语。How to control the water pollution is a big problem. 如何控制水污染是一个大问题。When to start the project remains undecided. 什么时候开始这项工程仍然没有决定。(4)不定式等非谓语形式作主语时，谓语动词一路走来都是单数身份；不少作主语的不定式与动名

12、词在意义上相同。To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。【1】It be +形容词(adj )+for somebody to do something.（形容词为描述事件的特点特征的形容词）(形容词作表语常常为一些表示客观情况形容词)（difficult, hard, impossible, possible,)(important, necessary ,interesting,dangerous,easy )Its hard for me to finish the task in such a short time. 对我而言

13、，要在如此短的时间里完成任务是困难的。 It is impossible for them to finish the work within three days.It is dangerous for us to swim alone in the river.It is not easy for me to speak English.It is easy for me to learn how to drive a car.It is important for us to express our opinions.It is easy for me to get up early.I

14、t is impossible for him to arrive here within an hour.It is very important for us to learn English well . It will be good for her to be out in the sun.It is not good for your eyes to read in the sunIt is difficult for us to complete the work in such a short time.It is impossible for them to finish t

15、he project within six months.It is not easy for Tom to learn Chinese.【动词不定式短语】It is difficult for us to complete the work in such a short time.It is impossible for them to finish the project within six months.It is not easy for Tom to learn Chinese.It is impossible for them to finish the work within

16、 three days.For us to learn English is very important.=It is important for us to learn English.For the students to learn from each other is necessary=It is necessary for the students to learn from each other.It is dangerous for you to go swimming alone.【2】It be +形容词（adj) of somebody to do something=

17、Somebody +be +adj +to do sth（形容词为描述人的内在性格特点特征的形容词）(表示不定式逻辑主语的性质，特点，特征)(kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid,rude,cruel,wise)(clever,brave, crazy,good, careful,polite,impolite)（considerate , right， cruel， careless）( careless, considerate, )It is impolite of him to say so.=He is impolite to say so.It is

18、 very foolish of you to lend him money again.=You are very foolish to lend him money again.It is kind of you to see me off at the airport.It is wise of you to keep silent.It is clever of him to leave that company.=He is clever to leave that company.It was wise of your father to make an investment in

19、 property years ago=Your father was wise to make an investment in property years ago.It is very foolish of you to lock the door.=You are very foolish to lock the door.It is very kind of you to help me.It is very considerate of you to see me off at the airport.It is kind of you to help me with my mat

20、hs.=You are kind to help me with my maths.It is kind of you to see me off at the airport.It is wise of you to keep silent.It is very foolish of you to lend him money again.It is very kind of you to see me off at the airport.【3】 It be +名词+to do sth (动词不定式作主语结构）It is my pleasure to see you.It is a pit

21、y to have lost the game.【4】It takes somebody some time to do sth(不定式作主语结构It took me three hours to finish the work.第2个用法：动词不定式作宾语用法作宾语 (放在及物动词后作宾语）I want to learn English well.My father cant afford to buy such an expensive car.He loves to talk about the matter.She hopes to find a job soon.Tom promis

22、es not to tell anyone about it.A big company has decided to buy it from me.She refused to answer all my questions.第3个用法：动词不定式作表语用法作表语( 放在系动词后作表语）Her job is to clean the house.His dream is to become a teacher.My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up.My hobby is to grow flowers.H

23、is opinion is to give up the experiment第4个用法：动词不定式作定语语用法作定语（放在名词/代词后作后置定语）He is looking for a house to live in.Please pass me a pen to write with.He always has a lot of meetings to attend.The factory to produce cars will be set up next year.He is always the first to comeHe was the most careful (pers

24、on) to write the book.He was the last (person) to be sent to hospital.I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself.I am the only student in our class to have a pet snake.第5个用法：动词不定式作补足语用法作补语（放在宾语后作宾语补足语；放在主语后作主语补足语.）Would you like me to help you?Father doesnt allow me to go out alone at night.I saw Tom climb into the house.Tom was seen to climb into the house by me.Mother wants me to become a teacher.第6个用法：动词不定式作状语语用法作状语（放在不及物动词后作目的/结果，原因状语）He worked day and night to get the money.（目的）=To get the money, he