Unit2SectionⅢGrammar——名词性从句Ⅱ与it作形式主

1、Section Grammar 名词性从句 ( )与 it 作形式主语 语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟 What I always dreamt of has come true. I always wondered when I would get theEnglish novel my parents had promised to give me. That is why English has so many difficultrules that confuse people. It is certain that this process willcontinue. I

2、t is interesting to learn how the words foranimals and meat developed. It is fun wandering in the countryside.1.以上第、句中的黑体部分都是名词性从句， 它们分别在各自的句子中作主语、宾语和表语。2.以上第、句中的黑体部分都是 it 作形式主语的用法，it 分别替代的是主语从句、动词不定式和动名词短语。 语 法 精 要 点 拨一、连接代词、连接副词引导的名词性从句1由 what, which, who/whom, whose 等连接代词和 when, where, why, how等连

3、接副词引导的名词性从句在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。(1)主语从句What surprised us was her ignorance.使我们吃惊的是她的无知。Where we will go hasnt been decided.我们要去哪儿还没有定下来。When she will come is still unknown.她何时来还不知道。(2)宾语从句The school was built on what used to be a wasteland.这所学校是在以前的荒地上建造的。第 1页Now we dont know how the pyramids were b

4、uilt. 在我 不知道金字塔是如何建造的。Please tell me whose book it is请.告 我 是 的 。(3)表 从句The problem is how we could make him understand it. 是我 如何能使他明白 些。The question is where we should go. 是我 去哪儿。He was ill.That was why he didnt attend the meeting他.病了。那就是他没出席会 的原因。He didnt attend the meeting.That was because he was

5、他ill.没出席会 。那是因 他生病了。(4)同位 从句I have no idea where he has gone.我不知道他去哪里了。We dont understand the problem why this is the best choice我. 不明白 个 题 什么 是最好的 。2 接代 和 接副 的 接代 和 接副 的 要把握住两点：(1)成分： 接代 在从句中作主 、 、表 或定 ； 接副 在从句中作状 。(2)意 ：无 是 接代 是 接副 ，通常都有各自的意 。Thats where the accident took place.那就是事故 生的地方。(作状 ，意 “

6、的地方”)She didnt know who/whom we were talking about.她不知道我 在 。 (作介 ，意 “ ” )即 演 1 填空： when， why，how，which， what，who，whomDo you know when the train arrives.Can you tell me why you chose the topic to write an article.第 2页How I can make greater progress later is a problem.Which team will win is not clear.

7、What I want to know is who took away my book.The problem is whom we should have do it.3what 与 that 的用法区别(1)that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。(2)what 引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成分，这时 what 具有两个含义：保留疑问的意义，即“什么；什么样的”；相当于 “the thing(s) that/which，即“”先行词定语从句”的含义。另外， what 的此种用法还可以表示时间(the time that)、地点 (the

8、place that)、人物 (the person that)、数目 (the amount/number that)等不同概念。You can have what you like.你喜欢什么就拿什么吧。The trouble is that she has lost his address.麻烦在于她弄丢了他的地址。After what seemed a long wait, the results were announced.经过了似乎漫长的等待之后，结果被宣布了。即时演练 2单句改错 That the professor said is of great importance.Th

9、at WhatThe key is that we can get from it.thatwhatHe saves that he earns.thatwhat I know the fact what he came here two years ago. what that4“疑问词 -ever”与“ no matter疑问词”的用法区别whoever， whatever，whichever 等既可引导名词性从句又可引导让步状语从句，而“ no matter疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。即时演练 3句型转换Anyone who comes here is welcome.第 3页Whoe

10、ver comes here is welcome.You can do anything you like.You can do whatever you like.二、 it 用作形式主语当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语 it ，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。1代替主语从句it 代替主语从句的常用句式如下：(1)It be名词 (a pity, a shame, an honour, a good idea, a miracle, a fact, common knowledge, a surprise .)从句。It is a pity that

11、I cant go with you because I have to look after my little brother.很遗憾我不能和你一起去，因为我必须照看我的弟弟。It is common knowledge that the earth turns around the sun.地球围着太阳转是常识。(2)It be形容词 (clear, possible, likely, natural, certain, fortunate, necessary, strange, uncertain, obvious, important .)从句。It is obvious that

12、 they are for the plan.很明显他们赞同此项计划。(3)It不及物动词 (happen, seem, appear, chance, occur, matter .)从句。It happened/chanced that I was in the countryside at the time.那时我恰巧在乡下。It seems that it is going to rain soon.看起来天马上要下雨了。(4)It be过去分词 (found, believed, reported, thought, noted, proved, known, decided, su

13、ggested, required .)从句。It is reported that the fire caused a great loss and hundreds of people died.据报道这一次火灾损失巨大并且数百人死亡。 名师点津 (1)“ It be said/believed/reported/.that .” 句型一般可转换成“ sb./sth.be said/believed/reported/.不定式 ”句型。第 4页It is said that he has got a doctors degree.He is said to have got a docto

14、rs degree.据说他获得了博士学位。(2)在句型 “It is/was adj.主语从句 ” 中，如果形容词是important，strange，natural，necessary等，从句谓语部分要用 “should动词原形 ” 形式，should 可以省略。It was necessary that we (should)make everything ready ahead of time我.们有必要提前把一切都准备好。(3)在 “ It is/was过去分词 that.” 结构中，如果动词是 require， demand，request等，从句谓语部分要用 “should动词原形

15、 ”形式 ，should 可以省略。It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.要求所有人都不能在这里吸烟。2代替不定式短语It is hard to translate this sentence into English.把这个句子译成英语很难。3代替动词 -ing 短语Its no use arguing with him.同他争辩没用。4it 作形式主语和 it 用于强调句型的比较it 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化，可以是that， whether 或连接代词、连接副词。而it 强调句则是对句

16、子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that，若被强调部分指人时也可用 who。试比较：It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.你没有去看电影真遗憾。(主语从句 )It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.你成功与否我都不感兴趣。(主语从句 )It was in the morning that the murder tookplace.正是上午的时候谋杀案发生第 5页了。 (强调句型 )It was John that/who broke the window.是约翰

17、把窗子打破的。 (强调句型 )即时演练 4用 it 作形式主语改写句子To remember this rule is important. Its important to remember this rule. Lying in the sun in winter is pleasant. It is pleasant lying in the sun in winter. That her hair was turning grey worried her a bit. It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 随 堂 效

18、果 落 实 .语境填词根据语境在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式1What is important is how to persuade her to change her mind.2You may choose whatever topic you like to write your composition.3Could you tell us when/whether he will come?4It is clear that the weather will soon turn out fine.5Occasions are quite rare when I ha

19、ve time to spend a day with my kids.6Whether ways will be found to stop pollution is just what worries the public.7 I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.【导学号 ：45912019】8Whoever leaves the room ought to turn off the light.9He got killed in the accident.Thats because he was careless.10 It is very important that each of us pay attention to our English learning.单句改错 (每小