英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复

1、英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复?在英语的文章中，我们可以看到，除了表示强调或为了避免意义的含糊外，同一个词或短语很少在同一个句子中连续使用，有时，在一个句群或段落中也避免重复使用相同的词。避免词汇重复是英语句子的又一特点。这一特点最明显的标志是，英语代词的使用频率远远高于汉语。英语主要是通过使用代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来避免重复。1 使用代词回避重复这是最普通，也是常见的一种方法。Can you mend this table? I broke it yesterday .你会修理这张桌子吗？昨天我把它弄坏了。When the entered, each was given a smal

2、l present.孩子们进来时，每人都得到一份小礼物。2. 用同义词避免重复这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的概念。它包括范畴词、相近词(n ear-s ynon ym)和派生词等。Then they went on with of the peak . The climb was an extremely difficult one然后他们继续向顶峰攀登，这是一次极难的攀登。这是一个很典型的例子。如果第一次用来表达概念的词不太常见，不太通俗易懂，那么第二次需要重提此概念时，作者往往用一个简单的字眼。如：第二句就用了同义词climb来替代ascent这个较冷僻的词，既避免了重复，又解释了了asc

3、ent的意义。The m a beautiful behavior tha n a beautiful form.mers onPeople want to know how much you care before they care how much you know.ames Hi ndThere are lots of people who mistake their imag in ati on for their memory.osh Billi ngsTo err is huma n, to forgive, divi ne.opeWhat we all tend to comp

4、lain about most in other people are those things we don ” tike about ourselves.illiam Whart onThe greatest of faults is to be con scious of none.homas CarlyleOptimism is a good characteristic, but if carried to an excess it becomes foolish ness.heodore RooseveltIt ” s the nature of folly to see the

5、faults of others and forget his own.iceroFools admire, but men of sense approve.opeThe miracle is this-the more we share, the more we have.eonard NimoyBlessed is he who expects nothing, for he shall n ever be disappo in ted.opeThere is a limit at which forbeara nee ceases to be a virtue.dmund BurkeH

6、e who loses wealth loses much; he who loses a frie nd loses more; but he who loses courage loses all.erva ntes首先，一个段落必须有一个中心即主题思想，该中心由主题句特别是其中的题旨来表达。整个段落必须紧扣这个主题(stick or hold to the topic)，这就是段落的统一性 (unity)。其次，一个段落必须有若干推展句，使主题思想得到充分展开，从而给读者一个完整的感觉，这就是完整性(completeness or adequateness)再者，一个段落不是杂乱无章的，

7、而是有机的组合， 句子的排列顺序必须合乎逻辑，从一个句子到另一个句子的过渡必须流畅(smooth)，这就是连贯性(coherenee)。下面我们就对这三个标准分别加以说明。1. 统一性一个段落内的各个句子必须从属于一个中心，任何游离于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。请看下例：Joe and I decided to take the long trip we d always wan ted across the coun try. WFikevereyoung kids buying our camper and stock ing it with all the n ecessities

8、of life. Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie. We started out in early spri ng from Minn eapolis and headed west across the northern part of the coun try. We both enjoyed those people we met at the trailer park. Joe received a watch at his retireme nt dinner. To our surprise, we found that we liked the

9、warm souther n regi ons very much, and so we decided to stay here in New Mexico.本段的主题句是段首句，controlling idea (中心思想)是 take the long trip across thecountry。文中出现两个 irrelevant sentences，一个是 Bella bakes the best rhubarb pie，这一段 是讲的是Joe and I，中间出现一个 Bella是不合适的。还有， Joe received a watch at his retirement din

10、ner这一句更是与主题句不相关。考生在四级统考的作文卷上常常因为造出 irrelevant sentences (不相关语句)而丢分，值得引起注意。再看一个例子：My n ame is Rosea nna, and I like to keep physically fit. I used to weigh two hun dred poun ds,but I jo ined the YMCA for an exercise class and diet program. In one year I lost eighty poun ds. I feel much better and n e

11、ver want to have that much weight on my five-feet frame aga in. I bought two new suitcases last week. Everyday I practice jogging three miles, swimming fifteen laps, lift ing twen ty-po und weights and play ing tennis for one hour. My mother was a premature baby.本段的 con troll ing idea 是 like to deep

12、 physically fit，但段中有两个irreleva nt senten ces，一个是 I bought two new suitcases last week，另一个是 My mother was a premature baby。从上面两个例子可以看出，native speakers同样会造出来 irrelevant sentences。卷面上如果这种句子多了，造成偏题或离题，那问题就更严重了。2. 完整性正象我们前面说得那样，一个段落的主题思想靠推展句来实现，如果只有主题句而没有推展句来进一步交待和充实，就不能构成一个完整的段落。同样，虽然有推展句，但主题思想没有得到相对圆满的

13、交待，给读者一种意犹未尽的感觉。这样的段落也不能完成其交际功能。例如：Physical work can be a useful form of therapy for a mind in turmoil. Work concen trates your thoughts on a con crete task. Besides, it is more useful to work - you produce someth ing rather than more an xiety or depressi on.本段的主题句是段首句。本段的两个推展句均不能回答主题句中提出的问题。什么是a mi

14、 nd in turmoil H(心境不平静) Physical work又如何能改变这种情况？为什么它能起 therapy的作用？读者得不到明确的答案。由于四级统考的作文部分只要求写一篇100120个词的三段式短文，每一段只有大约40个词左右，因此，要达到完整就必须尽可能地简明。例如：It is not always true that a good picture is worth a thousa nd words. Often writi ng is much clearer tha n a picture. It is sometimes difficult to figure ou

15、t what a picture means, but a careful writer can almost always expla in it.段首句所表达的主题思想是一种看法，必须有具体事例加以验证。上述两个推展句只是在文字上对主题作些解释，整个段落内容空洞，简而不明。如果用一两个具体的例子的话， 就可以把主题解释清楚了。比如下段：It is not always true that a picture is worth a thousa nd words. Sometimes, pictures are pretty useless things. If you can t swim and fall in the river and start gulping water, will you be better offto hold up a picture of yourself drowning, or start screaming“ Help ” ?引导段1、主题句必须是可辩论的，不能