08博士研究生考试+答案

1、科目代码：1001 科目名称：英语（答案请写在答题纸上，写在试卷上无效）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:For each numbered blank in the following two passages, there are four choices marked A,B , C a nd D. Choose the best o ne and mark your an swer on the ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a p

2、encil. (15 points)Passage 1No man is an island,” wrote the poet John Donne several centuries ago. He was ack no wledg ing one of our most _1_ characteristics: the fact that we are social an imals whose behavior and pers on alities ar2 by the groups to which we bel ong.Throughout life, most of our da

3、ily activities are3_ in the compa ny of others. Whether our purpose is work ing, play in g, rais ing a family, lear ning, or simply relax ing, we usually4it in groups even if the group is as small as two or three people. Our need for humancon tacts is not merely a practical one; it is a deep psychol

4、ogical n eed as well. If people are 5 of the compa ny of others for6 periods, men tal breakdow n is the usual result. Even theGen eva Conven tio n, an intern atio nal agreeme nt that 7_ the treatme nt of pris oners of war, recognizes this need. It regards_8_ imprisonment for more than thirty days as

5、 a cruel form of torture.In its strictest sen se, a group is a collecti on of people 9together i n an orderly wayon the basis of shared expectati ons about one ano thebehavior. As a result of this in teracti on, members feel a com mon sense of “ belonThney10_ members from members and expect certa in

6、 kinds of behavior from outsiders.1.A.oddB. disti nctiveC. explicitD. obvious2.A. shap edB. dist in guishedC. ide ntifiedD. justified3.A. desig nedB. un dertakedC. assig nedD. performed4.A. reachB. completeC. pursueD. accomplish5.A. concernedB. deprivedC. relievedD. i nformed6.A. continu ousB. no ti

7、ceableC. dramaticD. prolon ged7. A. regulatesB. prescribesC. rectifiesD. dem on strates8.A. harshB. severeC. solitaryD. remote9.A. livi ngB. i nteract ingC. com muni cati ngD. putt ing10. A. disti nguishB. isolateC. separateD. Recog nizePassage 2Few people would defe nd the Victorea n attitude to ch

8、ildre n, but if you were a pare nt in those days, at least you knew where you stood: childre n were to be see n and not heard. Freud and compa ny did away with all that and pare nts have bee n 11 ever sin ce. The child?s happ in ess is all-importa nt, the psychologists say, 12 what about the pare nt

9、s ?happ in ess? Pare nts suffer con sta ntly from fear and guilt while their childre n 13 romp about pulli ng the place apart. A good old-fashi oned spa nking is out of the14: no moder n child-reari ng15 would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed_16 to shout. Whoknows what deep

10、17 wounds you might in flict. The poor child may n ever recover from the dreadful traumatic 18. So it is that pare nts 19 to avoid givi ng their childre n complexes20 a hun dred years ago hadiheve n heard of. Certa inly a child n eeds love, and a lot of it.But the excessive 21 of moder n pare nts is

11、 surely doing more harm tha n good.Psychologists have succeeded in 22 parerisc on fide nee in their own authority. And it hasrit take n childre n long to get wi nd of the fact. 23 the great moder n classics on child care, there are coun tless articles in magaz ines and n ewspapers. With so much un s

12、olicited 24 flying about, mum and dad just don?t know what to doiy more. In the end, they do no thi ng at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and pare n?lives are 25 accord ing to the n eeds of their offspri ng. When the little dears develop into 26 , they take complete con trol. L

13、ax authority over the years makes adolesce nt 27 aga inst pare nts all the more viole nt. If the young people are going to have a party, 28 , pare nts are asked to leave the house. Their prese nee merely 29 the fun. What else can the poor pare nts do but 30 ?11. A relaxedB thrilledC bewilderedD in s

14、pired12. A soB butC a ndD or13. A pleasa ntlyB en thusiastically C cautiouslyD gaily14. A problemB questi onC issueD argume nt15. A brochureB pamphletC ma nualD publicati on16. A evenB alsoC justD as17. A physicalB emoti onalC psychologicalD sen sati onal18. A experie neeB hazardC adve ntureD impact

15、19. A striveB hesitateC an ticipateD oblige20. A whatB itC whichD this21. A pen altyB barbarityC scoldD permissive ness22. A establishi ngB enhancingC deta iningD un derm ining23. A With relation toB With regard toC In addition toD In terms of24. A dem on strati onB adviceC criticismD in terpretati

16、on25. A operatedB inten sifiedC regulatedD compe nsated26. A adultsB tee nagersC pare ntsD vetera ns27. A resista neeB object ionC hostilityD rebellio n28. A at firstB in particularC after allD for in sta nee29. A devastatesB spoilsC mani pulatesD eonv erts30. A refuteB violateC abideD obeySection I

17、I Reading ComprehensionDirections:Read the followi ng six texts. An swer the questi ons below each text by choos ing A, B, C or D. Mark your an swers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (45 poi nts)Text lMore than two million films lie in storerooms around the world, some of them so badly damaged that they can no Io

18、n ger be scree ned. If nothing is done, they could disappear for good, like half the films made in the US before 1950. But research promises an automated technique, to restore these old films to their former glory.Films can be clea ned chemically or by using ultraso und. But this is time-c onsuming

19、and expe nsive, and chemicals can also damage the origi nal films. Ano ther approach is to digitize the film and the n clea n up the digital versi on frame by frame a terrible job. When Disney clea ned upSnow Whitefor release on DVD, for in sta nee, graphic artists worked in shifts on 40 computers d

20、ay and ni ght for 18 weeks.These computer-aided tech niq ues rema in very expe nsive” says Samia Boukir, who started work on an automated system, “onlyan automated system can hope to salvage the archive of deteriorati ng films.”Once a film has bee n sca nned in, the first stage of the process is to

21、find dust spots. They usually occur only on si ngle frames, so the system looks for small spots that are visible on one frame and abse nt on its n eighbors. The software repairs the image by sampli ng the un spoilt area of the image on the adjace nt frames and replac ing the dust spot with an averag

22、e of the sampled picture eleme nt.Detect ing scratches is more complicated because they may run over several frames and can be con fused with vertical li nes that are part of the film. But a telltale pattern ofte n gives them away: scratches are no rmally caused by the mecha ni cal parts of a projec

23、tor rubb ing on the film, so they tend to repeat at regular in tervals.The system looks for a periodic pattern of this type from frame to frame, predict ing whe n it should occur in the subseque ntframes. Having ide ntified the scratch and its durati on, the software the n repairs the damage by tak

24、ing picture eleme nt from un damaged frames before and after the scratch. This smooth ing effect avoids any sharp edges in the restored image.Once restored, the digitized films can be viewed by future gen erati ons without risk ing more damage to the original by running it through a projector. Film

25、has a hundred-year history, but the kno wledge of how to store it properly is only 15 years old, ” says Godfrey Pye of Sun set Digital, a Hollywood-based company.31. From the sec ond paragraph we lear n thatA there have bee n many methods to clea n up the films.B Disney repaired the damage ofSnow Wh

26、itefor profit.C chemical clea ning and the use of ultraso und have the same effect.D clea ning digitalized film is con sidered feasible in film restorati on.32. What is Samia Boukir?s attitude towards automated restorations the film?A neutral.B n egative.C positive.D in differe nt.33. What is the ch

27、aracteristic of the distributio n of dust spots on the films?A The spots are in the un spoilt area of the image.B The spots are on the average sampled picture eleme nt.C The spots cannot appear on two adjace nt frames at the same time.D The spots are on the frame that is visile.34. The followi ng st

28、ateme nts is the reas ons why scratches are hard to be detectedA The scratches appear at order in tervals.B It is easy to dist in guish vertical li nes and scratches.C The scratches can exte nd to several frames.D The shape of scratches is differe nt from some parts of the film.35. By saying that wi

29、thout risking more damage to the original by running it through a projector”，(L. 1, Para. 8) the author means thatA later use may not cause new damage to the films after restorati on.B there is no en vir onmen tal risk in repairi ng the origi nal films.C the restored films have perfect visual effect

30、.D the projector has the fun cti on of protect ing the restored films.Text 2At first, the new bus in ess pla n seemed coun teri ntuitivif not a quick route to ban kruptcy. Korea ns who ordered products from LG Home Shopp ing, a televisi on shopp ing cha nnel hawk ing everyth ing from jewelry to cook

31、ware, could return them no questio ns asked and get a refund eve n before the items were collected from their home. All deliveries were free. And the new pla n was laun ched in the depths of the Asia n finan cial crisis in 1998.Little won der that every one in clud ing his staff thought LG Home Shop

32、p ing Chief Executive Choi Yung Jae has a screw looses. Eve n as Choi offered one of the best barga ins in Korea, he refused to sacrifice quality. One day, he appeared at a Seoul warehouse for a spot inspectionand canceled orders from nearly 70% of LG?s suppliers. “ Custometrust will make or break o

33、ur bus in ess, he declared. Not l ong afteChoi set up a fax line in his office to handle customer complaints directly. Complaints poured in.n, ” saysLBumaeager ShinHyung Bum, “ sixm on ths later he started gett ing complime ntary faxes. Executives are con fide nt that sales will jump ano ther 50% n

34、ext year.Choi is still gett ing them .In 1998, LG Home Shopp ing earned its first profit as sales tripled to $169 millio n. The cha nn el, which airs around the clock and prices items up to on e-third cheaper tha n departme nt stores, has thrived ever sin ce. Despite the global slowdow n, the compa

35、ny predicts sales of $ 779 millio n this year, up 68% from 2000.LG takes adva ntage of Korea n demographics. Knowing that most middle-class wome n are homemakers, it has focused its marketi ng on females in their 30s and 40s. And delivery costs are minimal because n early half of Korea?s 14.3 millio

36、 n families reside in apartme nt blocks.The operati on is also resolutely up-market, i n con trast to similar U.S. cha nn els. Because most cable-TV subscribers in Korea are well-to-do, LG sells no item for less tha n $ 23, which it figures is the minimum it can charge and still make a 4% margin aft

37、er coveri ng delivery. On average, LG shoppers spe nd $110 per order, triple what U.S. TV shoppers spe nd.Rivals ack no wledge Choi?s con tributi on to electro nic shopp ing which has acco un ted for 3% of Korea?s $90 billi on retail market.“ The whole in dustry is in debted to Choi?s pion eeri ngca

38、mpaig n” says Sams ung Vice-Preside nt Suh Kang Ho, who heads the chaebo?s Internet Shopping division. The big question is if LG can keep its growth in the face of tougher competiti on.”36. Which of the following best defines the word“ counterintuitive” (L. 1, Para. 1)?A sen sible.B irrati on al.C q

39、uick.D feasible.37. By saying that “Choi Yung Jae has a screw looses (L. 2, Para.2), the author means thatA the staff in the company are afraid of Choi.B there is someth ing wrong with the facility of the compa ny.C Choi is mad to some exte ntD Choi?s barga ins cannobe accepted by the staff.38. I n

40、the view of ChoiA product quality is crucial to the success of the compa ny.B electr onic shopp ing has a bright future.C the America n way of e-commerce has more disadva ntages.D the rival compa ny has already ack no wledged his con tributi on.39. Form the text, we can infer thatA the new electro n

41、ic shopp ing pla n starts in an unfav orable econo mic situatio n.B the majority of the customers of LG?s service are women and children.C the America n electro nic shopp ing compa nies are the rivals of LG.D the price of the same product sold by LG is higher tha n that of the America n Compa ny.40.

42、 What is the attitude of Suh Kang Ho towards the future growth of LG?A positive.B n egative.C suspicious.D in differe nt.Text3Con fessi ons by Islamic fun dame ntalists un der the comma nd of Bin Lade n?s deputy, have revealed bow years before the September 11 attackthe terrorists established sleepe

43、r cells across the western world and were pla nning complicated attacks.In more than 10,000 pages of Egyptian state security documents, Britain is named as one of the key bases of Al-Zawahift? Islamic Jihad organization. Three leading member of its ruling council were based in London and it was also

44、 an important fundraising center, making money through fanning and eve n restori ng houses in London.Among the terrorist leader?s agents living in America in the early 1990s were a com muni cati ons specialist, a special forcer officer, two wealthy doctors and a cha in of fun draisers. One operative

45、 with America n citize nship, code named Adam, was pla nted in the Un ited States in 1987 and the n helped to co-ord in ate com muni cati ons, send false docume ntati on and finance terrorists. Adam, the son of an Egypt Air pilot, was also in structed to get flight trai ning. Ano ther age nt, a form

46、er Egyptia n special forces officer, worked with the American army before providing personal security advice to Bin Laden in Sudan in 1992.Compiled by the Egyptia n Defense Min istry, the docume nts provide the most authoritative acco unt yet of the Islamic Jihad orga ni zati on and of Al-Zawahiri,

47、whom many suspect the in spiratio n beh ind the September 11 attacks. One of the most importa nt hijackers, Mohammed Atta, was an Egyptia n from Cairo. He, too, is suspected of being a member of Al-Zawahiri orga ni zati on.The docume nts reveal how Islamic Jihad, now con sidered part of Bin Lade n?s

48、 Al-Qaeda n etwork, was being fun ded in Egypt from Bin Lade n? pers on al fort une from the early 1990s. A base in Santa Clara, California, was used from 1990 to coord in ate com muni cati ons with terrorists?Cells around the world, in clud ing Bin Ladens Suda nese base. Other operatives were based

49、 in New York. American army manuals and topographical maps were translated into Arabic for terrorist training. Sources of funds of the terrorist n etwork in cluded the sugar trade and sheep reari ng m Alba nia as well as the reno vatio n of old houses in London.Hani Al-Sibai, a third alleged member

50、of the shura at that time, lives with his wife and five childre n in Hammersmith, west London. Sources say he has split with Al-Zawahiri, at least since 1999. Al-Sibai, a lawyer, denies any link with Islamic Jihad. He said he had known Al-Zawahiri in the past but was himself a“quiet man ” who had ne

51、ver committed a crime.41. Accordi ng to the text, con fessi ons of Islamic fun dame ntalists tells ho A Lade n?s deputy established sleep ing places in Europe.B terrorists set up footholds as well as arran ged attacks.C September 11 attacks was orig in ated and pla nn ed.D Lade n stre ngthe ned his

52、power in wester n world.42. From the text, we lear n thatA the fund for terrorist orga ni zati on was raised through don ati on and inv estme nt.B terrorists in America are more horrible than those in Britain.C one major task for terrorist organizations in west is to raise money.D the leaders of the

53、 terrorist orga ni zati ons must be very rich.43. The text suggests thatA western countries are suitable for the development of terrorist organization.B there is a connection among the terrorists bases around the world.C Lade n?s deputy is in charge of the training of the new terrorists.D London is

54、the cen ter for world-wide terrorist bases.44. According to Egyptian Defense Ministry, who is the suspect of September 11 attacks?A Jihad orga ni zatio n.B Bin Lade n.C Adam.D Al- Zawahiri.45. By saying that he himself is a “quiet man Al-Sibai means thatA he is not good at giving a speech in the pub

55、lic.B his character is on the con trary of Al-Zawahiri?s.C he did not take any illegal actions in the pastD he split with Al-Zawahiri si nce 1999.Text4Sometime around 621 BC, a legislator n amed Draco appeared on the Athe nian sce ne and made the laws that substituted public justice for pers onal re

56、ve nge. His laws were so severe that the legislator has been immortalized by the word “ draconian These laws held for only a quarter of a cen tury un til Solon, who came to be called the foun der of Athe nian democracy, abolished the death penalty for everything but murder. Solon also carried out co

57、nstitutional reforms that set up free elect ion and brought all classes,except slaves, into the processof gover nment. And so democracy bega n.A hun dred years later democracy and everyth ing else Greece had built up were threate ned by Persia. The first of Persia ? expeditions took place in 490 BC when its army arrived at Maratho n, n ear Athe ns.