中科曙光虚拟化培训教程汇总：VSICM6__M07_VMManagement

1、Virtual Machine Management,Module 7,You Are Here,Course Introduction Software-Defined Data Center Creating Virtual Machines vCenter Server Configuring and Managing Virtual Networks Configuring and Managing Virtual Storage,Virtual Machine Management Resource Management and Monitoring vSphere HA and v

2、Sphere Fault Tolerance Host Scalability vSphere Update Manager and Host Maintenance Installing vSphere Components,Importance,You must perform many cumbersome tasks when using physical machines. For example, you must move server storage from one storage array to another, deploy servers with the same

3、configuration, and dynamically add resources. The ability to clone and deploy virtual machines from a template enables you to capture the state of a problematic virtual machine or deploy a virtual machine from a preconfigured standard. VMware vSphere enables you to migrate virtual machines and virtu

4、al machine disks from one VMware ESXi host to another while the virtual machines are running,Module Lessons,Lesson 1:Creating Templates and Clones Lesson 2:Modifying Virtual Machines Lesson 3:Migrating Virtual Machines Lesson 4: Creating Virtual Machine Snapshots Lesson 5: Creating vApps Lesson 6: W

5、orking with Content Libraries,Lesson 1:Creating Templates and Clones,Learner Objectives,By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Create a template Deploy a virtual machine from a template Clone a virtual machine Enable guest operating system customization by VM

6、ware vCenter Server,Using a Template,A template is a master copy of a virtual machine. It is used to create and provision new virtual machines,Creating a Template,Clone the virtual machine to a template: The virtual machine can be powered on or powered off. Convert the virtual machine to a template:

7、 The virtual machine must be powered off. Clone a template: Used to create a new template based on one that existed previously,Deploying a Virtual Machine from a Template,To deploy a virtual machine, you must provide such information as the virtual machine name, inventory location, host, datastore,

8、and guest operating system customization data,Updating a Template,Update a template to include new patches, make system changes, and install new applications: Convert the template to a virtual machine. Place the virtual machine on an isolated network to prevent user access. Make appropriate changes

9、to the virtual machine. Convert the virtual machine to a template,Cloning a Virtual Machine,Cloning a virtual machine creates a virtual machine that is an exact copy of the original: Cloning is an alternative to deploying a virtual machine. The virtual machine being cloned can be powered on or power

10、ed off,Customizing the Guest Operating System,Use the Guest Operating System Customization wizard to make virtual machines created from the same template or clone unique. Customizing a guest operating system enables you to change: Computer name Network settings License settings Windows Security Iden

11、tifier During cloning or deploying virtual machines from a template: You can create a specification to prepare the guest operating systems of virtual machines. Specifications can be stored in the database. You can edit specifications in the Customization Specifications Manager. Windows and Linux ope

12、rating systems are supported,Deploying Virtual Machines Across Data Centers,Virtual machine deployment is allowed across data centers: Clone a virtual machine from one data center to another. Deploy from a template in one data center to a virtual machine in a different data center,Lab 12: Using Temp

13、lates and Clones,Deploy a new virtual machine from a template and clone a virtual machine Create a Virtual Machine Template Create Customization Specifications Deploy a Virtual Machine from a Template Clone a Powered-On Virtual Machine,Review of Learner Objectives,You should be able to meet the foll

14、owing objectives: Create a template Deploy a virtual machine from a template Clone a virtual machine Enable guest operating system customization by VMware vCenter Server,Lesson 2:Modifying Virtual Machines,Learner Objectives,By the end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following objecti

15、ves: Describe virtual machine settings and options Add a hot-pluggable device Dynamically increase the size of a virtual disk Add a raw device mapping (RDM) to a virtual machine,Modifying Virtual Machine Settings,You can modify a virtual machines configuration in its Edit Settings dialog box: Add vi

16、rtual hardware: Some hardware can be added while the virtual machine is powered on. Remove virtual hardware: Only when the virtual machine is powered off Set virtual machine options. Control a virtual machines CPU and memory resources,Hot-Pluggable Devices,The CPU hot-plug option enables you to add

17、CPU resources to a running virtual machine: Examples of hot-pluggable devices: USB controllers, Ethernet adapters, and hard disk devices. With supported guest operating systems, you can also add CPU and memory while the virtual machine is powered on,Creating an RDM,An RDM (a -rdm.vmdk file) enables

18、a virtual machine to gain direct access to a physical LUN. Encapsulating disk information in the RDM enables the VMkernel to lock the LUN so that only one virtual machine can write to it. Items to define when creating an RDM: Target LUN: LUN that the RDM will map to Mapped datastore: Stores the RDM

19、file withthe virtual machine or on a different datastore Compatibility mode Virtual device node,Dynamically Increasing a Virtual Disks Size,You can increase the size of a virtual disk that belongs to a powered-on virtual machine: The virtual disk must bein persistent mode. It must not containsnapsho

20、ts,Increases the size of the existing virtual disk file,Thin-provisioned virtual disks can be converted to a thick, eager-zeroed format. To inflate a thin-provisioned disk: The virtual machine must be powered off. Right-click the virtual machines .vmdk file and select Inflate. Or you can use VMware

21、vSphere Storage vMotion and select a thick-provisioned disk as the destination,Inflating a Thin-Provisioned Disk,Virtual Machine Options,On the VM Options tab, you can set or change virtual machine options to run VMware Tools scripts, control user access to the remote console, configure startup beha

22、vior, and more,VMware Tools Options,Schedule VMware Tools scripts,Customize power button actions,Update checks,Boot Options,Troubleshooting a Failed VMware Tools Installation on a Guest Operating System,Problems: VMware Toolsinstallation errors before completion. VMware Tools installation fails to c

23、omplete. Unable to complete VMware Tools forWindows or Linux installation. VMware Tools hangs when installing or reinstalling. Solutions: Verify that that the guest operating system that you are trying to install is fully certified by VMware. Verify that the correct operating system is selected. Ver

24、ify that the ISO image is not corrupted. If installing on a Windows operating system, ensure that you are not experiencing problems with your Windows registry. If installing on a 64-bit Linux guest operating system, verify that no dependencies are missing,Lab 13: Modifying Virtual Machines,Modify a

25、virtual machines hardware and add a raw LUN to a virtual machine Increase the Size of a VMDK File Adjust Memory Allocation on a Virtual Machine Rename a Virtual Machine in the vCenter Server Inventory Add and Remove a Raw LUN on a Virtual Machine Expand a Thin-Provisioned Virtual Disk,Review of Lear

26、ner Objectives,You should be able to meet the following objectives: Describe virtual machine settings and options Add a hot-pluggable device Dynamically increase the size of a virtual disk Add a raw device mapping (RDM) to a virtual machine,Lesson 3:Migrating Virtual Machines,Learner Objectives,By t

27、he end of this lesson, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Verify VMware vSphere vMotion requirements, including CPU constraints and guidelines Perform a vSphere vMotion migration Perform a vSphere Storage vMotion migration Perform a cross-host vSphere vMotion migration Describe the

28、 major enhancements to vSphere vMotion in vSphere 6,Migrating Virtual Machines,Migration means moving a virtual machine from one host, datastore, or vCenter Server system to another host, datastore, or vCenter Server system. Types of migrations: Cold: Migrate a virtual machine that is powered off. S

29、uspended: Migrate a virtual machine that is suspended. vSphere vMotion: Migrate a virtual machine that is powered on. vSphere Storage vMotion: Migrate a virtual machines files, while the virtual machine is powered on, to another datastore. Concurrent migrations are possible: A maximum of 128 concurr

30、ent vSphere vMotion accesses to a single VMware vSphere VMFS datastore. A maximum of 8 concurrent cloning, deployment, or vSphere Storage vMotion accesses to a single VMFS datastore,Comparison of Migration Types,vSphere vMotion Migration,A vSphere vMotion migration moves a powered-on virtual machine

31、 from one host to another. vSphere vMotion provides these capabilities: Improves overall hardware use Continuous virtual machine operation while accommodating scheduled hardware downtime VMware vSphere Distributed Resource Scheduler balancing virtual machines across hosts,How vSphere vMotion Migrati

32、on Works,In the diagram, the source host is ESXi01 and the target host is ESXi02. The source host and the target host have access to the shared datastore holding the virtual machines files,vSphere vMotion Migration Requirements,A virtual machine must meet the following requirements: It must not have

33、 a connection to an internal standard switch: virtual switch with zero uplink adapters. It must not have a connection to a virtual device, such as a CD/DVD or floppy drive, with a local image mounted. It must not have CPU affinity configured. If the virtual machines swap file is not accessible to th

34、e destination host, vSphere vMotion must be able to create a swap file accessible to the destination host before migration can begin. If a virtual machine uses an RDM, the RDM and the physical disk to which it maps must be accessible by the destination host,Host Requirements for vSphere vMotion Migr

35、ation,Source and destination hosts must have these characteristics: Accessibility to all storage (Fibre Channel, iSCSI, or NAS) used by the virtual machine: 128 concurrent vSphere vMotion migrations per VMFS datastore At least a 1 Gigabit Ethernet (1GigE) network: Four concurrent vSphere vMotion mig

36、rations on a 1 Gbps network Eight concurrent vSphere vMotion migrations on a 10 Gbps network Compatible CPUs: CPU feature sets of both the source and destination host must be compatible. Some features can be hidden by using Enhanced vMotion Compatibility (EVC) or compatibility masks,CPU Constraints

37、on vSphere vMotion Migration,Other Cluster Settings: EVC for vSphere DRS,Enhanced vMotion Compatibility is a cluster feature that prevents vSphere vMotion migrations from failing because of incompatible CPUs,CPU Baselines for an EVC Cluster,EVC works at the cluster level, using CPU baselines to conf

38、igure all processors included in the cluster enabled for EVC,Cluster Enabled for EVC,CPU Baseline Feature Set,A baseline is a set of CPU features supported by every host in the cluster,CPUID,CPUID,CPUID,CPUID,X,X,X,K,EVC Cluster Requirements,All hosts in the cluster must meet the following requireme

39、nts: Use CPUs from a single vendor, either Intel or AMD: Use Intel CPUs with Core 2 micro architecture and newer. Use AMD first-generation Opteron CPUs and newer. Be enabled for hardware virtualization: AMD-V or Intel VT Be enabled for execution-disable technology: AMD No eXecute (NX) or Intel eXecu

40、te Disable (XD) Be configured for vSphere vMotion migration Applications in virtual machines must be CPU ID compatible,Hiding or Exposing NX/XD,AMD No Execute (NX) and Intel Execute Disable (XD) technologies mark memory pages as data-only to prevent malicious software exploits and buffer overflow at

41、tacks,Choose between NX/XD security features and broadest vSphere vMotion compatibility,For future CPU features, edit mask at the bit level,Identifying CPU Characteristics,To identify CPU characteristics, use the server and CPU specifications or use the VMware CPU identification utility,Checking vSp

42、here vMotion Errors,When you select the host and cluster, a validation check is performed to verify that most vSphere vMotion requirements were met,vSphere Storage vMotion in Action,vSphere Storage vMotion uses an I/O mirroring architecture to copy disk blocks between source and destination: Initiat

43、e storage migration. Use the VMkernel data mover or VMware vSphere Storage APIs - Array Integration to copy data. Start a new virtual machine process. Mirror I/O calls to file blocks that are already copied to virtual disk on the destination datastore. Cut over to the destination virtual machine pro

44、cess to begin accessing the virtual disk copy,Mirror Driver,Data Mover,VMProcess,VMProcess,Read/write I/O to virtual disk,Destination Datastore,Source Datastore,VAAI,Storage Array,VMkernel,vSphere Storage vMotion Guidelines and Limitations,Guidelines: Plan the migration and coordinate with administr

45、ators. Perform migrations during off-peak hours. Ensure that the host has access to source datastores and target datastores. Limitations: Virtual machine disks must be in persistent mode or be RDMs,Cross-Host vSphere vMotion,Cross-host vSphere vMotion migration enables a virtual machine to change it

46、s datastore and host simultaneously, even if the two hosts do not have shared storage. This technique combines vSphere vMotion migration and vSphere Storage vMotion migration into a single operation You can migrate between hosts and clusters without shared storage,Cross-Host vSphere vMotion Migratio

47、n Considerations,In vSphere 6, multiple changes can occur simultaneously with cross-host vSphere vMotion migrations,Migration Between vCenter Server Instances,In vSphere 6, vSphere vMotion can migrate virtual machines between linked vCenter Server instances. This type of migration requires: ESXi hos

48、ts and vCenter Server systems must be upgraded to vSphere 6. vCenter Server instances must be in Enhanced Linked Mode. Hosts must be time-synchronized,ESXi,vCenter Server A,Network A,ESXi,vCenter Server B,vSphere vMotion Network,Enhanced Linked Mode,Network B,vSphere vMotion TCP/IP Stacks,In vSphere

49、 6, each host has a second TCP/IP stack dedicated to vSphere vMotion migration,userworld,VMkernel,User,hostd,PING,DHCP,vSphere FT,Virtual SAN,NFS,vSphere vMotion,Default TCP/IP Separate Memory Heap ARP Tables Routing Table Default Gateway,VMKTCP-API,vSphere vMotion TCP/IP Separate Memory Heap ARP Ta

50、bles Routing Table Default Gateway,Long-Distance vSphere vMotion Migration,Long-distance vSphere vMotion migrations span larger networks with higher latency. Use cases for long-distancevSphere vMotion migration: Permanent migrations Disaster avoidance VMware vCenter Site Recovery Manager anddisaster

51、 avoidance testing Multisite load balancing Follow-the-Sun scenario support,Networking Requirements for Long-Distance vSphere vMotion Migration,vSphere vMotion migrations between vCenter Server instances must connect over layer 3 connections: Virtual machine network: L2 connection Same virtual machi

52、ne IP address available at destination vSphere vMotion network: L3 connection Secure (dedicated or encrypted) 250 Mbps per vSphere vMotion operation,Network Checks for Migrations Between vCenter Server Instances,vCenter Server performs several network compatibility checks to prevent the following co

53、nfiguration problems: MAC address compatibility on the destination host vSphere vMotion migration from a distributed switch to a standard switch vSphere vMotion migration between distributed switches of different versions vSphere vMotion migration to an internal network, for example, a network witho

54、ut a physical NIC,Lab 14: Migrating Virtual Machines,Use vSphere vMotion and vSphere Storage vMotion to migrate virtual machines Migrate Virtual Machine Files from the Local Storage to the Shared Storage Create a Virtual Switch and a VMkernel Port Group for vSphere vMotion Migration Perform a vSpher

55、e vMotion Migration of a Virtual Machine on a Shared Datastore Perform a Cross-Host vSphere Storage vMotion Migration to a Local Datastore Prepare for the Next Lab,Review of Learner Objectives,You should be able to meet the following objectives: Verify VMware vSphere vMotion requirements, including

56、CPU constraints and guidelines Perform a vSphere vMotion migration Perform a vSphere Storage vMotion migration Perform a cross-host vSphere vMotion migration Describe the major enhancements to vSphere vMotion in vSphere 6,Lesson 4:Creating Virtual Machine Snapshots,Learner Objectives,By the end of t

57、his lesson, you should be able to meet the following objectives: Take a snapshot of a virtual machine and manage multiple snapshots Delete virtual machine snapshots Consolidate snapshots,Virtual Machine Snapshots,Snapshots enable you to preserve the state of the virtual machine so that you can repea

58、tedly return to the same state,Virtual Machine Snapshot Files,A snapshot consists of a set of files: the memory state file (.vmsn), the description file (-00000#.vmdk), and the delta file (-00000#-delta.vmdk). The snapshot list file (.vmsd) keeps track of the virtual machines snapshots,Taking a Snap

59、shot,You can take a snapshot while a virtual machine is powered on, powered off, or suspended. A snapshot captures the state of the virtual machine: memory state, settings state, and disk state. Snapshots are not backups,Managing Snapshots,The Snapshot Manager enables you to review all snapshots for

60、 the active virtual machine and act on them directly. Actions you can perform: Revert to a snapshot. Delete one or all snapshots,Deleting a Virtual Machine Snapshot (1,If you delete a snapshot one or more levels above You Are Here, the snapshot state is deleted. The snap01 data is committed into the