构词法练习及其答案(最新整理)

1、高考能力测试构词法 word formation一合成 compounding 两个或更多的词合成一个词。方式：1. 直接写在一起。2. 用连字符(-)连接。3. 由两个分开的词构成。方式例词1 adjadjred-hot2 adjnfirst-class, full-time, part-time3 adj现在分词good-looking, free-thinking,4 adj过去分词ready-made5 adjn-edgood-tempered, middle-aged, cold-blooded6 nn-ediron-willed7 nadjworld-famous, day-lon

2、g8 n现在分词beauty-loving, freedom-loving, job-hunting,9 n过去分词man-made, water-covered,10advadjever-green11adv现在分词hard-working, far-seeing12adv过去分词well-prepared, quickly-cured, well-known13 num nfive-year14 numn+adjfive-year-old15num过去分词four-legged, six-storied(1) 合成 adj构成方式例词1 nvday-dream2 advvovercome,

3、 upturn 翻起3 adjvwhite-wash(2) 合成动词(3) 合成 n构成方式例词1 nnhorseback , bank-note,newspaper, cellphone,2 adjnback-yard, forehead,3 动名词nhiding place, reading-room4 vadvget-off, break in,5 advvoutput, overflow5在里二、派生 derivation(4) 合成 advhowever, maybe, wherever, whenever, forever(5) 合 成 代 词whoever, whatever,

4、everyone, nobody,后 缀例词形容词-alcentral, industrial, national, natural-aneuropean, american, australian-erneastern, northern, southern-ablereasonable,horrible,terrible,believable,comfortable, forgettable, sensible-fulcareful, cheerful, grateful, faithful,-ishchildish, swedish, selfish-ivedestructive, co

5、llective, active, creative, effective-ythirsty, dirty, windy, sunny, cloudy, healthy,funny-lesscareless, hopeless, helpless, homeless, sleepless,fearless, limitless-engolden, wooden, woolen-ouscourageous,famous,continuous,serious,various-aryimaginary, revolutionary, secondary-icrealistic, historic,

6、poetic-sometroublesome, burdensome, lonesome, handsome-likechildlike, womanlike, manlike-antignorant, significant, observant, important-entdiligent, silent, excellent, frequent-lylively, friendly, lovely, weekly, brotherly,motherly-ishchildish, foolishmyself, something, anything, （ 6） 合 成 介 词 inside

7、前缀含义例词a-处在arise, aside, aloneen-使可能enrich, enable, enslavedis-不，否定dissatisfy,dishonest,disappear,disorder, disagreeun-不，做相反动作unable,unknown,uncommon, uncomfortable, unfair,unclose, undress, uncover, untiein-不，非inactive, incapable, inpatient, incorrect impossible,impersonal,impolite, immature, imprac

8、ticalirregular, irresponsibleillogical,im-ir-il-non-不，非non-existent,non-interference,non-conductor, non-stopde-向相反方向发展decentralize（分散）, defrost（解冻）anti-反（对）anti-freeze, anti-fascistmis-错误的，坏的misdoings, misunderstand, misfortunere重复，再rewrite, remarry, reunite, recycle,co-共同co-exist, co-operate, co-ed

9、ucationex以前的ex-husband, ex-presidenttele远程telephone, telegraph, telescope后 缀例词动词-izerealize, modernize, mechanize, criticize,-enwiden, strengthen, lengthen, sharpen, widen,shorten, quicken, deepen-fysimplify, beautify, terrify,后 缀例词副词-ward(s)forward, northward, backward, downward-lyslowly, quickly,

10、carefully, loudly, happily,friendlysuper-在上面，超级supermarket, superpower,under-在之下underline, underestimate, underground,inter-相互，之间international, interact, inter-changesub-下，次subtitle,submarine,subconscious,subcontinent,trans-过，穿过，变transformation(变形), translatevice-副vice-premier, vice-presidentsemi-半s

11、emifinal, semicircle, semi-automaticbi两个bicycle, biennial 两年一次的tri三个triangle 三角形, tricycle 三轮脚踏车,triplets 三胞胎mul-多，多种multiply, multi-national, multi-colouredkilo-千kilometre, kilogram三、转化 conversion: 指一个词不变化词形，而由一种此类转化为另一种词类或几种词类。1. 名词和动词之间的转化telephone电话打电话, mirror 镜子像镜子一样反映, drink 喝饮料, record 录音记录,n

12、ame, date, hand, study,2. 形容词转化为动词perfect 完美的使完善3.名词转化为形容词(副词)front 前面前面的4.形容词转化为名词chief 主要的首领训练要旨：构词法是英语学习的一个重点，也是近年来常考的项目。特别是在词语辨析的综合运用中，对词汇掌握的要求越来越高。检测构词法，在阅读理解中，已不把这种词汇看作生词，而是把这类词的理解看作学生通过对构词法知识的学习，应该具备的一种能力。如有的生词，只要其词根是学生们该掌握的或熟悉的,只是加上了前缀或后缀，再者或是合成词等，命题人就认为不必再注出汉语注释。1.that man wasenough not to

13、tell the manager that he would not do the job.a.care b. careful c. careless dcarelessness 2.the soldier died for saving the child，so hisis heavier than mount tai.a. dieb. deadc. diedd. death 3.the child lookedat his brother who was badly wounded.a. sadlyb. sadnessc. sadlyd. sad4. he is an expert at

14、chemistry. we all call him a. a. chemistryb. chemical c. chemisd. physician5. the three-chair isnt suitable for a young child. he may fall off.a. leggingb .leggedc. legsd.leged 6.stephenson became therailway engineer in the world.a. leadb. leaderc. leadingd. leadership 7.when the teacher praised him

15、 for working out the maths problem，jack lookedabout at his classmates.a.proudb.proudlyc.prided. pridely8.to everyones, the girl finished the job quite well. a.satisfiedb.satisfactoryc.satisfyingd.satisfaction 9.what are you doing here? oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage aboutin english.you ca

16、n write_passage in english? a.600 words；a 600-wordsb.600-word；a 600-wordsc.600 words；a 600-wordd.600 words；a 600-words10.no one should enter the spot without theof the police. a.permitb.permissionc.permittingd.permittence 11you must come with us to the police.our head is waiting for you.a.headquarte

17、rs b.headline c.headmaster d.headache 12.letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it.a.intendb.intentionc.intentionallyd.intentional 13.the shop owner welcomed all the guests with asmile. a.practiceb.practisec.practicald.practiced14. theordered him to pay a $100 fine.a.judgerb.judgmentc.ju

18、dged.judgement15. my tv is out of order.can you tell me what is thenews about iraq war?a.latelyb.latest c.laterd.latter 16.the great wall is more than 6000 li in.a.longerb.lengthc.long d.longing17. to my，i passed the exam easily.a.joyb.joyfulc.joylessd.joyness18. canada is mainly ancountry. a.englis

19、h-speakingb.speak-englishc.spoken-englishd.english-spoken 19.howhe is! he is always acting.he is really a.a.foolish；foolishly；foolb.fool；foolish；foolc.foolish；fool；foold.foolishly；foolish；fool20.the necklace that she lost is very expensive.its of great. a.valuableb.valuec.valuelessd.unvaluable 21.th

20、ere werefish in the river in south america.a.in dangerb.dangerc.dangerousd.dangerless 22.the letter “b” in the word “doubt” is.a.soundb.silentc.silenced.sounded23. the child looked at me.a.strangerb.strangelyc.stranged.strangeless24. the black people were against slavery and fought for theirbravely.

21、 a.freeb.freelyc.freedomd.frees 25.what you said soundedbut in fact it was untrue. a.reasonableb.reasonfulc.reasonlessd.unreason 26.we have to learntechnology from other countries. a.advanceb.advancingc.advantaged.advanced 27.the children live in a village.they come here almost every day.a.nearbyb.n

22、earc.nearlyd.near by 28.mr black is anin the army，not anin the government.you can not easily find him in his.a .official；officer；officeb.officer；office；official c.official；official；official d.officer；official；office29.youd better give up smoking if you want to keep.a.healthb.healthyc.healthilyd.heal

23、thier 30.speaking，i didnt do it on purpose.a.honestlyb.honestc.honestyd.dishonest31. it sounds like a good plan，but there are somedifficulties in carrying it out.a. practicedb.practicalc.practiced.practicing32. his father possesses afactory，which does most of the pollution to this river.a. paper-mak

24、eb.paper-makingc.papers-maded.paper-made33. marx left his homeland for somereasons. a.politicallyb.politicsc.politicald.politician34. itsto persuade him to give up smoking.hes very stubborn.a.possible b.possiblyc.impossible d.impossibility 35.dan caught twobirds in the wood last week and they are st

25、illin the cage.a. alive；liveb.live；livec.live；alived.alive；alive36.the doctor said that the old mans condition was and that they had tried their best. a.hope b.hopedc.hopefuld.hopeless 37.ann felt sothat she could hardly open her eyes.a.sleepyb.asleepc.sleepd.sleeping38. we stood thereat thesight.a.

26、frightened；frightful b.frightening frightfulc.fright；frighteningd.frightful； fright39. the doctors advicehim from drinking and smoking. a.encouragedb.couragedc.encouragement d.discouraged 40id like to buy a house,modern,comfortable and above all in a quiet_.a.neighbour b.neighbourhood c.neighbours d

27、neighbours .改错练习(每小题有一个构词法错误，请找出并更正)1.the milu deer are living in the wild in a natural park.2.this blouse is fit for him at all.its too long and the color has run. 3.the possibly that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.4.we must strength government of the people，by

28、 the people and for the people. 5.the sperm whale can dive to a deep of more than 1000 meters in the sea.6. he is a very famous actress.he has played many important parts in different films.7. personal，id rather stay at home watching tv.8.because of her ill，she cant go out for the sight-seeing. 9.th

29、ank you for your describe of the conditions here. 10.its really dust in this room.its a long time since someone last lived in it. 11.we all dont know how dark happens.12.he opened the envelope，folded the letter and began to read it.13. she offered us lots of value information，which played an importa

30、nt part in catching the thief.14. we wish you a pleasure journey back home.15. the captain made an apologize to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather.16.i wish that you could interview these journals who come.17.coral is not a plant but a various of animal life. 18.in my opinion，harry i

31、s the most suitful person for the job.19.the food was good but the serve was poor. 20.this meeting is of great important to all of us.21.there comes a large collection of soldiers in the distant.22.when he got to the destination，he was quite out of breathe.23.traditionally speaking，russia is a europ

32、e country. 24.“actual”means“in fact”，and we can also use“as a matter of fact”.25.it is possible to persuade adam to give up that decide.26. the doctor said that the patience was comfortable after the operation.27. some people say that this new discover might change the whole society completely.28. t

33、he chinese government treasure the friendly between the people of two countries and we are waiting for a peaceful settlement of this matter.29.she was afraid of high and dared not jump out of the plane.30.her mother died of hungry after the flood.31.i bet you are mistake this time.32.the man said th

34、at he was merely a pass-by and that he didnt watch the accident.33.do you follow me?yes，perfect. 34.personal possess of guns causes lots of troubles in the usa.35.the greatest wealthy is being content with a little.36.i believe our dream that humans will travel to and from the moon will come truth o

35、ne day.37.fail is the mother of success.38.every year millions of visiters come to visit the dams. 39.the chinese people are building socialist and have achieved great progress.40.people all went up to offer their congratulate on their winning the key match.前后缀“冰ft一角”练习一 形容词后缀 1-ous 结尾 advantageambi

36、tionanxietycontinuecourage danger disaster fame glory humor mountain mystery nerve vigor number poison prosper religion suspicion vary 2. 以-al 结尾 chemistryclasseconomyeditoreducationexception finance function logic memory nation origin parent person physics politics region substance technique techno

37、logy 3. 以 -able结 尾 ability accept access adapt avail avoid capabilitychangecomfortcompareconvertdesireduration favor flexibility honor move notice permit reason sensevision 4. 以 -ful 结尾 beautycarecheerdoubtfaithfruitglass handharmhelpmouthpeacepowerskillspoon successthoughtwonder 二 名 词 后 缀 1. 以 -men

38、t 结 尾 achieveadvanceadvertiseagreedisagree argueassignattachappointdevelopembarrassencourage engage enjoy equip establish govern install manage movepavepaypunishshipstate 2. 以 -al 结 尾 approvedisapprovearriveproposerefuseremove survivetrywithdraw 3. 以 -ance/-ence/-ency/cy 结 尾 abundant accurate agent

39、allow apply attend bankrupt competent compliant confident consist convenientinconvenientcorrespondentcurrentdependentindependent innocentdiplomat distant efficient elegant evident exist fluentfrequentinferinfantinfluentialintelligentinterfere offendpatientperformpreferreferresidentsignificant silent

40、tendurgentvacantviolent 4. 以 -ion 结 尾 act add admit attract associate collect combine complete commit communicate compose conclude considerconsumecreatedecidedeclaredefinedescribe destroydeterminedevotedirectdistinctdiscussdominate educate elect evolve except exhaust exhibit exploit foundidentifyill

41、ustrateimitateimpressincludeintend introduceinvestigateinviteliberatelocateobligeoccupy operateorganizeparticipatepermitpredictproduceprovide pollutepossessrecognizerecommendregulaterelatesatisfy selectsolvesubmitsuggestutilizeverify 三 动 词 前 后 缀 、 1.以 -en 开 头 或 结 尾 largeablecouragerichhard weakbroad

42、softmoistlengthstrengththreatsharp sure 2. 以 -ify 结 尾 magnified simple pure intense beauty clear electricalnoteunitedignity 3. 以 -ize/ise/yze/yse 结 尾 real industrial mechanic central popular evaporationstandardneutral 高考能力测试构 词 法 .单项填空答案15 bdacb1115 acdcb2125 cbbca3135 bbccc610 cbdcb1620 baaab2630 d

43、adba3640 daadb【解析】6.leading 主要的，领头的。9.这类合成词用作前置定语时必须用连字符连接，而且不能有复数。10.permit 的名词是 permission。11. headquarters 总部。12. intentionally 是 intend 的副词形式，“故意地”。13.practiced 在这里作“熟练的”解。14.judge 在这里作“法官”解。20.be of great value“很有价值”。22.silent“不出声的”“沉默的”。24.freedom“自由”，名词。30.honestly speaking，“老实说”。36.hopeless，“没有希望的,绝望的,不可救药”。38.frightened 意为“感到害怕的”，frightful“可怕的”，frightening“令人害怕的”。40.neighbour