日光温室秋冬番茄栽培技术

1、htt p:/www.t on / /htt p:// /日光温室秋冬番茄栽培技术日光温室秋冬番茄栽培是在 7月中下旬播种，元旦、春节开始采收上市的一种番茄栽培模式，经济效益高,但栽培过程中常因气候冷凉、光照不足等原因，出现植株生长缓慢、坐果率低、病害严重等诸多问题。笔者结合自身多年种植经验总结出一套日光温室秋冬番茄栽培技术，以期为广大种植者提供参考。Qiu dong the sun light gree nhouse tomato cultivati on, it is

2、 to sow seeds in mid to late July listed on New Years day, Spring Festival bega nto harvest a kind of tomato cultivati onmode, high econo mic ben efit,but frequentlyduring the cultivationby the cold climate is cool, and in adequate illu min atio n, a slow growth of the plants and fruit-beari ng rate

3、 low, severe disease, and many other p roblems. Combi ned with own grow ing exp erie nee for many years, summed up a set of qiu dong the sun light gree nhouse tomato cultivati on tech niq ues, in order to pro vide refere nces for the majority of growers.1品种选择1 sp ecies select ion应选择耐低温、耐弱光、抗病性强、品质佳、

4、耐贮运的品种，其中金棚一号等品种具有耐低温、耐弱光、抗病性强、坐果率高等特点，可作为秋冬季生产专用品种。Should choose good low temp erature resista nee, resista nee to weak light, strong disease resista nee, good quality, suitable varieties,in clud inggold shed 1 varieties such as low temp eratureresista nee, resista nee to weak light, stro ng diseas

5、e resista nee, fruit rate is high, can be used as sp ecial varieties of qiu dong seas on p roducti on.2育苗2 seedli ng2.1配制营养土2.1 make nu triti onal soil将充分腐熟的猪粪3份、土粪3份和未打过除草剂的大田土 4份过筛后拌匀配制成营养土，每667 m2定植田育苗需要营养土 1.2 m3、营养钵（8 cm X 8 em)4 500 个。Will fully rotte n pig in 3, 3 cop ies and not with a herbi

6、cide fertilizer field soil sieve mixture nu triti on soil, mix the 4 cop ies of each 667 m2 en graftme nt field seedli ng n eed nu triti onal soil is 1.2 m3, block (8 cm x8 cm) 4, 500.2.2做育苗床2.2 do seedli ng bed选择通风向阳、地势平坦、排涝方便的地块，做长5 m、宽80 cm的苗床。Select scrooged, flat, convenient drain age block, do

7、 long 5 m, width 80 cm of the seedbed.2.3浸种催芽2.3 accelerati ng seed germ in ati on浸种前23 d进行晒种，把种子均匀铺在纸上充分见光，可打破休眠，促进发芽。晒种后，用凉水浸种10 min,倒去凉水后用55 C的恒温水浸种15 min,并不断向同一方向搅拌，直至水温降到30 C为止，然后浸泡6 h。将种子用清水投洗后放入布袋中，在2528 C的温度下保湿催芽，每天翻动几次并投洗1次,2-3d即可露白。Seed soak ing before 2 - 3 d bask, sp read their seeds eve

8、 niy on thepaper fully see the light, to break the dormancyand promotegerm in ati on. After drying, use cool water soaked 10 min, po ured coldwater after seed soak ing with 55C constant temperature water for 15mi n, and continue to stir the same directi on, un til to water temp erature 30 C , and th

9、en soak 6 h. The seed cast after washing with water andput it in the bag, at 25 to 28C temperature moisture sprouting, turn a few times a day and wash on ce, 2 - 3 d can be the thief.2.4播种2.4 p la nti ng将苗床用木板刮平，然后用敌克松和多菌灵 500倍混合液把苗床土浇透，待水渗下后播种,播后覆盖1 cm厚的营养药土 ,再在上面平铺一层地膜，以保温保湿。当有70%种子拱土时撤去地膜，并及时打药,以

10、防止猝倒病的发生。浇水时注意不干不浇，如需浇水也只能浇小水。当苗长到25 d左右、2叶1心时及时分苗,选晴天进行，提前在营养钵内装好营养土。Seedbed leveli ng with board, and 500 times with en emy erikss onand carbendazimmixturepoured over the seedbed soil, stay under water p ermeability after sow ing, sow ing after 1 cm thick soil nu triti on medici ne, sp read a laye

11、r of mulch on it aga in, with thermal in sulati on moisture. When there is a 70% seed mulch arch whe n the soil is removed, and spray in secticide in time, p reve nting the occurre nee of damping off.you n eedWateri ng whe n atte nti on not stem not wateri ng, wateri ng if only water the num. When s

12、eedlings grow to around 25 d, 2 lobes 1 heart and at seedling, choose a sunny day, ahead of the pack good nu triti onal soil withi n the block.2.5苗期管理2.5 seedli ng stage man ageme nt每个营养钵分1株健壮苗，苗期容易发生蚜虫和茶黄螨为害，要勤检查,并及时喷药防治。苗期外界温度较高，苗床内土壤水分散失较快，为了保证幼苗正常生长，苗期20余d内一般喷水或浇水12次。在无雨时,要逐渐加大苗床通风量，使幼苗逐步适应外界环境条

13、件。Each block points 1 strain strong seedlings,seedling aphids and yellow tea mite, freque ntly check, and timely p reve nti on and con trol of spraying. Ambie nt temp erature is higher in seedli ng stage, seedbed soil moisture be lost quickly, in order to guara ntee no rmal seedli ngs growth, seedli

14、 ng stage in more tha n 20 d gen eral water sprin kler or 1 - 2 times.Whe n no rain, seedbedven tilatio nrate should be gradually stre ngthe ned, the seedli ng gradually ada pt to the exter nal en vir onment con diti on.2.6壮苗标准2.6 breed sta ndard壮苗的标准是：株高20 cm左右，具有89片叶，叶色深绿。Breed sta ndards are: pla

15、nt height 20 cm, with 8 9 leaf, leaf color dark gree n.3定植3 en graftme nt前茬腾地后立即翻地，每667 m2施入腐熟有机肥4 0005 000 kg,有条件的还可加施复合肥或磷酸二铵50 kg,将粪土混合均匀后做成南北向的小高畦，有条件的可覆盖地膜。该茬番茄定植时外界温度仍然较高，因此移栽应在阴天或下 午16时后进行,以利缓苗。每畦栽两行，株距30 cm左右，每667 m2栽4 000株左右。P reced ing teng ground immediately after click ing, each 667 m2 i

16、n rotte n orga nic fertilizer rates 4 5 000 000 kg, con diti onal can also add or diam mon ium p hos phate compound fertilizers 50 kg, eve niy mixi ngdirt into north and south to gao beds, conditionalcovering film.Colonize the crop of tomatoes when the outside temperatureis still high, so the transp

17、lant should be p erformed after the cloudy day or at 16 PM, slow seedlings. Two lines of each ridge cultivation, planting dista nee 30 cm, every plant 667 m2, 4 000 strai ns or so.4定植后的田间管理Four en graftme nt after field man ageme nt栽植后立即把日光温室的棚膜扣好，裙膜的底边暂不埋入土中，以便于放风。栽后浇1次水,第2天再浇1次水,待地不黏时进行中耕，然后蹲苗至第一花

18、序坐果;若天气干旱，室内土壤缺水，中途可浇12次小水，浇水后继续中耕蹲苗。栽后室内温度较高,应尽可能加大放风量，将后墙、棚膜上下风口以及裙膜底边全部打开,白天将室内气温控制在上午 30 C，下午25 C左右。栽植后，除继续做好对蚜虫、茶黄螨的防治外，还要防治白粉虱。Immediately afterplan ti ngthe sun lightgree nhouseshed film butt on, the lower side of the skirt membra ne tempo rarily not buried in the grave, for fresh air. Watere

19、d once after plan ted, watered once aga ingrowth ofthe n ext day, to donot stick to row, and the n restra in theseedli ngs and the first in floresce nee fruit; If the weather is dry, in door soil water shortage, midway can water the num 1 - 2 times, after the water continued to row to restrain the g

20、rowth of seedli ngs. Plan ted after the in door air temp erature is higher, should in crease as far as p ossible put the air volume, the back wall, films and tuyere and skirt hemli ne isopened en tirely,to con trol the in door temp eratureat 30 C in thedaytime, and in the after noon of 25C or so. Af

21、ter planting, in additionto continue doing a good job in preventing and controllingaphids, yellow tea mite, and p reve nti on and con trol of whitefly.5开花坐果期管理5 floweri ng fruit-beari ng stage man ageme nt5.1浇水和追肥5.1 water and fertilizer开花坐果前一般不浇水，当第一花序坐果后结束蹲苗，开始浇水,以后室内保持地面见干见湿，一般每710 d浇1次水。结合蹲苗后的浇水

22、，每667 m2追施尿素13 kg。另外，每7 d左右在叶面喷施1次0.1%0.3%的磷酸二氢钾溶液，宜在傍晚温度较低时喷施。Before floweri ng fruit dont usually water,whe nthe firstin floresce nee after flush in g, restra in the growth of seedli ngs, and bega nwateri ng, later see in door and kee p the floor dry wet, gen eral wateredonce every 7 - 10 d. Restr

23、ain the growth of seedli ngs after wateri ng,each 667 m2 top dress ingurea 13 kg. In additi on, onceevery 7 d inspraying on the leaf 1 0.1% - 0.3% potassiumdihydrogenp hos phatesoluti on, approp riate spraying on the cooler in the eve ning.5.2温度调节5.2 adjust the temp erature此期室内温度仍然较高，要继续通风降温，白天将温度控制

24、在2530 C,晚上1520 Eo 10月中下旬，随着外界温度的降低，白天要逐渐缩小放风口，减少通风量,只通过裙膜底部放小风，并逐步缩小顶部放风口，晚上注意保温。In door temp erature is still high, at this stage to con ti nue ven tilati oncooli ng, temp erature con trol at 25 30E during the day, night 15 20 E . Mid to late October, as the ambient temperature is reduced, theday t

25、o gradually reduce a fresh mouth, and reduce the ven tilati on rate,only through the skirt dow n membra ne at the bottom of the wind, andgraduallynarrow the top fresh air port, notice heat preservationatni ght.5.3搭架、绑蔓5.3 ste p-st one, tendril开花前搭人字架或吊绳引蔓。当植株第一穗花开放时开始绑蔓，留两穗果的要分期绑两次蔓。Take shaft brack

26、et or lead wire shoots before floweri ng. When the first ear plants flowers beg in to boun d, leave two ear fruit stage to tie two ten dril.5.4整枝打杈5.4 training pruning秋冬番茄采用单干整枝法，当第一花序下叶腋长出的最长侧枝达到 8 cm时开始打杈，只留主蔓继续生长，太阳能代理以后见到侧枝即除去；当第二花序出现后，在其上方留23片叶后打顶。Autumntomatoes used alone training method, unde

27、r the first in floresce nee axillary, whe n the Ion gest collateral to 8 cm whe n pruning, only Lord ten dril con ti nue to grow, after see collateral that is removed;Whe n the sec ond in floresce nee, stay on top of multi-t opping after 2 - 3 leaf.5.5防治病虫害5.5 p reve nti on and treatme nt of plant d

28、iseases and in sect p ests除继续防治蚜虫、茶黄螨、白粉虱外，还要防治棉铃虫、白粉病、青枯病和灰霉病。In additi on to con ti nue to control ap hids, yellow tea mite, whitefly,preventionand controlof cottonbollworm,powderymildew, and bacterial wilt and mould.6结果期管理P hase 6 results man ageme nt6.1温度和光照6.1 temp erature and illumi natio n此期要

29、将裙膜底部用土埋好，关严放风口，堵住后墙风眼。11月中下旬开始覆盖草苫保温，白天将室内温度控制在 25 C左右,锅炉配件晚上1525 C,为满足番茄开花坐果所需温度，可从11月底开始在温室内陆续生火增温。覆盖草苫后，每天要及时揭盖，并清除棚模外侧的草屑和尘土 ，以改善室内光照条件,还可适当采用补光灯进行补光，以保证光照充足。This P eriod will skirt membra ne covered it up with at the bottom ofthe well, locked a fresh mouth, and plug back wall eye. Midto lateNo

30、vember start coveringCaoShan insulation,to control thein doortemperature 25 C or so during the day, the evening of 15 25C, thetemp erature required for satisfy the tomato flower fruit, can be startedfrom the end of November in the gree nhouse warmi ng fire in successi on.After coveri ng CaoSha n, p

31、eel in time every day, and remove dust thatmay shed modules outside ofgirls, and to imp rove thein doorilluminationconditions,still canappropriateUSES light up asthe filllight, to en sure sufficie nt sun light.6.2追肥和病虫害防治6.2 app licatio n and pest control当第二穗果长到蛋黄大小时进行第2次追肥,根外追施尿素和磷钾肥。及时去除叶腋新生侧枝，并摘除第一穗果下面的