《研究生英语精读》PPT课件.ppt

1、Unit 3 Development of Common Ground,Lead in,excerpt :N /V N: excerpt (from sth) a short piece of writing, music, film, etc. taken from a longer whole V: excerpt sth ( from sth ) The document was excerpted from an unidentified FBI file. 此文件摘自来源不明的联邦调查局档案。,remark: N,1.Something that you say or write w

2、hich express an opinion, thought, ect about sb/sth 谈论，言论，评论 2.( old-fashioned or formed) the quality of being important or interesting enough to be noticed 引人注目，显耀 例句：The exhibition contains nothing that is worthy of remark.,proliferation :N,1.a sudden increase in number or amount ( 数量的）激增，剧增 the pr

3、oliferation of weapons of mass destruction 大规模杀伤武器的激增 To make matters more complicated, the IAEA, the organization that is supposed to halt proliferation, is in fact aiding it. 使事情更趋复杂的是，理应制止核扩散的国际原 子能机构却在事实上为此提供帮助。,multifaceted :adj,Containing many different aspects, features, or qualities 多方面的；多特征

4、的； 多特性的 Here is a main point to take away from this article :Success is a multifaceted, personal concept . 总结一下本文的中心思想：成功是多方面的，是一个个人的概念。,Paragraph 1,1.note : observe with care or pay close attention to I noted a change come over his face. 2. roller coaster: elevated railway in an amusement park (usu

5、ally with sharp curves and steep inclines) 环滑车；游乐场滑车 Ellie stood in line for over an hour to ride the roller coaster at the amusement park. 艾莉在游乐园为了要玩云霄飞车，排队排了一个多小时。,read:,give a certain impression给予某种印象 e.g. 1.The story reads well. 这篇小说读起来很不错。 2.The poem reads like (sounds as if it is) a translatio

6、n. 这首诗听起来像是翻译作品。,getway: get what sb. wants,She usually get her way without need to pull rank. Para 1: 有趣的是，当你把美中关系放到适当的历史背景中观察的话，就会发现它像一辆过山车。约翰泰勒把凯莱布顾圣派到这里来，是因为英国从与中国的贸易关系中所得甚多，引起了美国的极大关切。,Paragraph 2,Opium: a powerful illegal drug made from the seeds of a type of POPPY鸦片 Facilitate: to make it pos

7、sible or easier for something to happen 是便利； 推动，促进 Social facilitation effect Working harder when in a group than when working alone. 社会促进效应：个人在群体中工作比单独工作更努力。,1.tariff :N 2. Open-ended: adj,A tax that a government charges on goods that enter or leave their country关税 Open-ended: adj without any limit

8、s ,restriction or aims set in advance 无限制全的，无期待的目标,Lease :n /v,to have a legal agreement in which someone pays you money to use your building , land, or equipment for a specific period of time.出租，租用,Paragraph 3,.extraterritoriality ekstr,teri,t:rilti n. 治外法权（等于exterritoriality） Finally, we had extra

9、territoriality and used this legal advantage in order to be extremely active in the opium trade. 最后，我们有治外法权，并利用这一法律的好处，以极为活跃在鸦片贸易。,first-ever ： adj,首次的，破天荒第一次的，史无前例的 Novel :adj new or unusual 新颖的；不同寻常的 A novel solution to a problem 解决问题的新颖方案,Paragraph 4,Multifaceted: adj containing many different as

10、pects, features, or qualities 多放方面的，多特征的，多特性的 virtually: adj used for emphasizing that a statement is almost completely true 差不多，实际上,Imaginable: adj,Used for emphasizing that it is difficult to imagine anything more extreme 可想象的，想象得 到的 1. a situation that would have been hardly imaginable ten years

11、ago. 2 .He had been subjected to the most terrible abuse imaginable. 他遭受了能想得到的最残酷的虐待。,collaborative : adj,Involving people or groups working together to produce something 合作的，协作的,Paragraph 5,oval: adj ；with a shape like a long narrow circle 椭圆形的， an oval table 椭圆形的桌子 Oval Office: 美国总统办公室,Lay out : p

12、hrasal vb,To explain something carefully and clearly （ 详细地）解释，说明 e.g. The documents lay out the principles clearly enough. 这些文件将各条原则解释的非常清楚。,Paragraph 6,Driving snow/ rain: snow or rain that falls very fast. The north wind came, and driving rain. 北风刮来，接着又下起了倾盆大雨。 He returned home on foot at midnight

13、, in a driving rain-storm. 他走路回家，到家已是午夜，正下着大雨。,Tarmac: N,1.the part of an airport where the plane stop and that people walk across to get on a plane（机场的）停机坪； 飞机跑道 2.a thick black mixture of TAR and very small stones , used especially for making the surfaces of roads ( 尤指用来铺路面的） 柏油碎石头,by and large,Us

14、ed for referring to something in a very general way总体来说；大体上，基本上 e.g. By and large I think the emphasis should be on recruiting the right people. 总得来说，我认为重要的是招聘合适的人。,Paragraph 7,bound by sth/ to do sth : force to do sth by law, duty or a particular situation 受（ 法律，义务或情况）约束（ 必须做的事） e.g. We are not bou

15、nd by the decision.我们不受该决定的约束。 You are bound by the contract to pay before then end of the month. 按照合同规定，有必须在月底前付款。,Paragraph 8,a joint statement 联合声明 2.Hammer out: to discuss a plan, an idea , ect .until everyone agrees or a decision is made 反复讨论出（ 一致意见） 充分研讨出（ 决定） A new deal was hammered out betwe

16、en the two banks. 两家银行最终达成了新的协议。,non-proliferation: a limit to the increase in the number of nuclear and chemical weapons that are produced. 防止核扩散 update : a news update 最新的报道 The newsletter gives an update on current activities. 内部通讯刊登了近期活动最新情况。,Paragraph 9,convene : to arrange for people to come t

17、ogether for a formal meeting 召集 e.g. The committee will convene at 11:30 next Thursday. 委员会将在下周四上午11:30 开会。,Implement,to make sth that has been officially decided start to happen or be used 使生效 贯彻。执行 实施 To implement changes/ decisions /policies /reforms 实行变革，执行决议，实施改革,execute,to do a piece of work,

18、perform a duty , put a plan into action, etc 执行， 实施 e.g. They drew up and executed a plan to reduce fuel consumption. 他们制定并实施了一项降低燃料消耗的计划。,译文：,几个月后，我们将有机会在北京举行下一轮战略与经济对话，届时可以评估这一关系，看看进展如何，而目前已出现积极气氛，这对开始履行和实施其他我们能够共同实现的目标意义重大。,Paragraph 10,engage in: to take part in a particular activity , especiall

19、y something that takes a lot of time or effort 从事。忙于 He is currently engaged in a dispute with his former business partner. 目前他正忙着解决和从前的生意合伙人之间的争端。,Paragraph 11,doable: ableto be done 可做的。可行的 1. It will take some organizing, but I think it is a doable. 这将需要组织一番，但我认为是可行的。 2. An official of the aircra

20、ft company said he thought outfitting the aircraft to detect land mines was doable.,Legacy,Money or property that you arrange for someone to have after you die. 遗产 My grandmother died and left me a small legacy.,译文：,第二，增进人民及文化交往的双边机制，而我们许多人正是这种交往的一部分。我能想到的比这更重要的事情实在不多，因为，如果我们确实认真对待美中两国关系的话，就必须确保下一代人

21、有研习、参加交流和学语言的机会，有更多的机会考察了解对美国人来说陌生的制度，以及对这里的中国学生来说非常陌生的美国制度。因此，通过在今后四年再向中国输送100,000 名美国学生这肯定不容易，但可以做到我想，这会是今年在美中关系史上留下的较为重要的长期贡献之一。,Paragraph 12,commitment：a message that makes a pledge 承诺 He made a commitment to pay the rent on time. play out : take / make She continued to play out her role of duti

22、ful daughter,1.dramatically: in a very impressive manner Our way of life has changed dramatically over the last ten years.,2.emission: the act of emitting The policy aims at cutting down exhaust emissions,conservation: the preservation and careful management of the environment and of natural resourc

23、es She is interested in conservation. put forward: put before He put forward a plan for the committee to consider,peer: a person who is of equal standing with another in a group As peers, we should help each other. review: evaluation feature：a special or prominent article in a newspaper or magazine,

24、译文：,第三，在气候变化问题上，我们可能对具体承诺在短期内产生效果的强度和速度存在一些分歧，但是双方都认识到要在本世纪中期大幅度降低碳排放并找到能源保护新措施的重要性。由丹麦首相拉斯穆森提出的方案一直都在讨论之中，我们认为其中包括的同行评议环节非常重要,Paragraph 13,aside from: except Everything was quiet, aside from the occasional sound of a car in the distance. initiative: readiness to embark on bold new ventures I am sur

25、e the new initiative you have taken today will bear fruit. efficiency：the ratio of the output to the input of any system engine efficiency发动机效益,Paragraph13,第四，清洁能源。除了过去几周来广受议论与报道的美中清洁能源研究中心之外，在电动车和清洁建筑能效方面还有几项新举措。,Paragraph 14,stumble over：给绊倒;结结巴巴地说=happen frequently Men occasionally stumble over t

26、he truth, but most of them pick themselves up and hurry off as if nothing ever happened. inventory: a detailed list of all the items in stock The inventory showed that the store was overstocked.,译文：,这都是生活中常见的。仅以其中的清洁建筑能效为例：当你停下来思考一下，中国在未来十年将兴建的商业办公设施会超过我们在美国的这类设施的总面积，就知道这个方面有多重要，如果做法得当，中国在未来多年将为减少全球

27、排放量作出多么重要的贡献。我们也会提倡岩石气资源的能源合作关系，并致力于推动大规模碳封存项目的技术与合作。,Paragraph 15:,ratification: making something valid by formally ratifying or confirming it Opinion polls indicated a two-thirds majority in favour of ratification of the treaty. 第五，就核武器扩散而言，我们将致力于促使全面禁止核试验条约获得批准；并将就裂变材料禁产条约展开谈判；中国也已同意积极参与定于2010年4月

28、举行的核安全峰会的筹备工作。,Paragraph 16,outspeak: 坦白大胆地说，直率地说； Dont hesitate, outspeak! emerge: come out of The sun emerges from the clouds. weather: face or endure with courage The country had weathered a serious crisis,end up with: 结束；以而结束；以告终 For companies the main task is simply to end up with more talented

29、 people than their competitors. package: a collection of things wrapped or boxed together They are trying to put together a package that will end the dispute. reassure: cause to feel sure The market is reassured by the government statement on import control.,译文：,第六，关于全球经济危机，两国首脑都对这场危机的后果直言不讳，并阐明了双方的

30、合作对于挺过早期风暴至关重要。两国采取的行动在危机初期大多没有公开或并不醒目，但是我们确实推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市场信心，并稳定了抵押信贷系统。,Economic Crisis,Paragraph 17,aftermath: the consequences of an event (especially a catastrophic event)后果 In the aftermath of the hurricane, many peoples homes were destroyed.,译文：,但我们应当谨记，在这场我们尚未走出的危机的影响下形成的全球经济新秩序将与原有秩序完全不同，

31、我们必须认识到主要依赖美国消费者和亚洲的出口产品来刺激增长的局限性。,Paragraph 18,all the while: always 一直 ，始终 He teaches English in the school all the while. 美国实现平衡经济增长的新战略意味着增 加储蓄并减少开支；改革美国的金融体系； 减少我们的长期赤字；增加出口；在这个过 程中创造更多薪酬更高的就业机会并始终保 持市场开放。,Paragraph 19,transition: the act of passing from one state or place to the next 过度，转化 Ado

32、lescence is the period of transition between childhood and adulthood. adolescence ,dulesns,-snsi n. 青春期,译文：,在中国，实现经济增长的新战略意味着提高劳动者与消费者的生活水平，具体途径是在市场中增加选择机会，使各种基础设施得到改善，使金融结构现代化，改善住房条件，提供高质量的医疗服务以及温家宝总理在前一天刚提到的一个更加全面发展的社会保障网，他认为这个社会保障网对于现在正在实行的经济转型至关重要。,Paragraph 20,There is every reason= There is en

33、ough reason There is every reason for society to undertake programs that deal with these problems. sustained: a. continuous 持续的 Bats are the only mammals to have wings and to achieve sustained flight. preeminent: greatest in importance or degree or significance or achievement 卓越 ，超群的 He is preeminen

34、t because his articles are well written,adversity: a state of misfortune or affliction逆境 As fire tries gold, so does adversity try virtue. anew: again but in a new or different way再，重新 Hes determined to begin his life anew. priority: status established in order of importance or urgency 优先 The develo

35、pment of the national economy is a top priority.,译文：,我们完全有理由相信中国将会成功，中国近 30年来创造的非凡业绩将会保持下去。我 们也完全有理由相信，美国将再次赢得美利 坚强国的卓越地位。你们知道， 我们是一 个善于迎逆境而起的国家。我想我们将来回 顾这几年时，会把这段时间视为促使我们改 变方针、从新的角度审视我们今后各项重点 的时期。,Main Idea,military to military exchanges something,facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-pe

36、ople and cultural exchanges,climate change,clean energy,nuclear proliferation,global economic crisis,Exercises,2. Vocabulary. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the words you have learned in the text without referring to the original. The first letter for each word is given. 1) We should op

37、pose trade protectionism of various forms and work together to _ a comprehensive and balanced conclusion to the Doha round negotiations.,faciliate,2.And I have made clear that we will help Iraqis transition to full responsibility for their future, and keep our _ to remove all American troops by the

38、end of 2011.,commitment,3. Despite massive stimulus, todays recessions have been deeper than the _ of Japans bubble.,aftermath,4. The NYSE has recently embarked on a round of acquisitions and _deals in an effort to become a trend-setter in technology as well as globalisation. 5. For a thousand years

39、, Chinas position as the _world power was beyond doubt.,collaborative,preeminent,6. Like all living systems, this interlocking human-made ecosystem tends to expand, to work around impediments, and to adapt to_ 7. Neighbours who have no reason to know each other will need to _ and collaborate in orde

40、r to get a new school or better policing.,adversity,convene,8. As the western economies_ under empires of debt, Russia is largely unaffected by the credit squeeze. 9. This mechanism had helped to significantly improve the rationality and _ of government pricing.,stumble,transparency,10. Later that year the Assembly decided to refer the Convention to all States for their consideration, signature and _ .,ratification.,Cloze,1.lessons 2.from 3.whether 4.fish 5.creativity 6.amazed munities 8.solve 9.denied 10.worth 11 what 12.belief 13.progress 14.innovate 15.incomes 16. otherwise 17.buildin