动词语态小升初专项讲义及练习

1、动词语态内容基本要求一、定义动词语态二、用法三、区别Q语法考点 口 一一一 -被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态是由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。各种时态的主动、被动语态结构表（以动词do为例）时态主动语态被动语态例句主动语态被动语态一般现do /doesam/is/are+doWeclea ntheThe classroomis在时neclassroo

2、m.clea ned by us.般过didwas/were+d onHe made the kite.The kite was made by去时ehim.现在进am/is/aream/is/are+beShe iswateri ngFlowers are being行时+ingflowers.watered by her.doi ngdone现在完have/has+have/has+beeJim has fini shed theThe work has bee n成时donenwork.fini shed by Jim.done一般将will/shalwill/shall/bThey w

3、illplantTrees will be plan ted来时l/bee going to+betreesbygoi ngdonetomorrow.them tomorrow.to+do过去进was/were+was/were+beiShe was writingaA letterwas being行时doi ngngletter atwrittenby her at thisdonethis time yesterday.time yesterday.过去完had+donehad+bee n doneJim had fini shed theThe work had bee n成时work

4、.fini shedby Jim.含有情can/may/mcan/may/mustI can find him.He can be found by me.态动词ust+be+dodone热身练习改写句子。1. About one thousa nd sta mps have bee n collected.(改为否定句）2. Rice is grow n in the south of China.(改为一般疑问句）3. Your homework must be han ded in today.(改为一般疑问句）4. The childre n were looked after qui

5、te well.(改为否定句）5. Trees are being plan ted now.(改为一般疑问句）1.被动语态的用法:1）不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。女口： The bridge was built last year.这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairma n.他被选为主席。2）当更加强调动作的承受者时，此时动作的执行者由by引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如:The room has nt bee n clea ned yet.房间还没有打扫。老虎被他杀死了。The tiger was killed by him.3）当动作的执行

6、者不是人时，多用被动语态。如:整个村庄都被The wi ndow was blow n by wi nd.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has bee n washed away by the flood.洪水冲走了。2.主动语态改为被动语态的方法1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面:将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be 动词的过去分词”结构；有时可省略） 。将主动语态的主语改为介词 by 之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位;to 或

7、 for 。把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词或 An apple如： He gave the boy an apple.The boy was given an apple.was given to the boy. )Herfather bought her a present.f She was bought a p rese nt by herfather.或 A present was bought for her by her father.3）不带to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加 to 。女口： They watched t

8、he children sing that morning.f The children werewatched to sing that morning.3. 主动语态变为被动语态注意事项 （本部分只出现在教师版中）1）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang. fHe is called Xiao Wang.He cut his hair short.fHis hair was cut short.They told himto help me.fHe was told to hel

9、p me.2）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。女口： We must take good care of the young treesf The young trees mustbe take n good care of.3）有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。这样的动词有:break, catch, clea n,drive, lock, open, sell, read, write, wash等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表达被动意义，主语通常是物。女口： This kind of cloth washes well

10、.This new book sells well.热身练习将下列句子变成被动语态。1. This farm grows beautiful flowers.Beautiful flowerson this farm.2. They use this room for p layi ng table tennis.This roomfor playing table tennis.3. Do you ofte n clea n your roomyour room oftenby you4. Will they show a new film n ext weeka new filmnext

11、week5. Have you p osted the letters yetthe lettersyet4.有些动词没有被动语态。1）不及物动词无被动语态。如：What will happen in 100 yearsThe dino saurs disa pp eared about 65 milli on years ago.2）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sou nd, taste,book, feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。女口： Your reas on sounds reas on able.5.被动语态改为主动语态的方法:被动

12、语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语）按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态。注意：在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，此时要把被动语态中的to去掉。被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语。f The people make history.女口： History is made by the people.热身练习一、将下列被动语态变成主动语态。1. A sweater was bought to me by her.2. A new bridge is being built by them.3. The bo

13、ok must be han ded in by you tomorrow.4. The win dow has bee n broke n by Tom.5. A new school will be opened in the village soon by them.二、改错。1. She was taught herself an En glish song.2. The idea was soun ded good.3. The model plane be made by Tom yesterday.4. A house being built by workers now.5.

14、The dicti onary was take n good care by him.三、用动词的适当形式完成句子。1. Music(listen) to by us a moment ago.(cover) with trees.2. Many years ago, this mountain3. The p roblem will(solve) soon.(show) this Sun day.5. You4. A new film is going to(want) on the phone just now.t丿拓展训练、单项选择。1. The pi zzaby my mother.

15、 Would you like to have someA. makesB. was mak ingC. madeD. was made2. The classroom must every day.A. kee ps clea nB. be kept clea nC. kee p clea nedD. bekept clea ning3. A talk on Chin ese historyin the school hall next week.A. is give nB. has bee n give nC. will be give nD. gives4. Our housenow.A

16、. is paintB. is being pain tedC. is got pain tedD.has got to paint5. Mary show me her new dictionary.A. has asked toB. was asked toC. is askedD. asksto二、根据括号里的要求转换句型。1. All questi ons were an swered by Joh n.(对划线部分进行提问2. The stars can t be see n in the daytime.(对划线部分进行提问3. Russia n is also taught in

17、 their school.(改为一般疑问句）4. These p hotos were take n on the Great Wall.(改为否定句）5. The work must be done beforeThursday.f对划线部分进行提问）三、用所给动词的适当形式填空。2. The work can(finish) the day after tomorrow3. Every year, a flower show(hold) in the park in Ap ril.4. These books(send) to the village already.5. En glis

18、h(speak) in Australia.四、将下列句子改为被动语态。1. Li Ping was ill. His mother sent him to hos pital at once.Li Ping was ill. Heto hos pital at once.2. Every one likes this song.This songby everyone.3. College stude nts inven ted the flying disk in the 1950s.The flying diskby colgestude nts in the 1950s.4. Nobo

19、dy can carry this box.byThis box5. They p roduce silk in Suzhou.Silkin Suzhou.五、连词成句。1. closed, the p ost office, is, him, by2. twen ty, was, give n, yua n, me, to, last week3. was, the pu rse, by Xiao Hong, found, yesterday4. trees, can, and, be, flowers, see n, everywhere5. his car, clea ned, bein

20、g, at that time, was, yesterday-But itno one is watch ing it.1. - David, turn off the TVoff already! The music is from the radio.A. so that; has bee n turned B. whe n; has turnedC. if; has bee n turned D. because; has turned2.Nicka job in a bank,but to our surp rise ,he did nt take it.A. is offered

21、B. offered C. was offered D. has offered 3. -Do you ofte n plant trees in spring-Yes, many treesin our school every year.A. plant B. are plan ti ng C. are plan ted4. - It s difficult for the village children to cross the river forschool.-I think a bridgeover the river.A. was built B. is being built

22、C. has been built D. should be built5.1to get there before seve n tomorrow,so I ll have to get upearly.A. told B. have told C. will tell D. was told6. A large nu mber of engin eersto Africa by our gover nment tohelp the people there every day.A. have sent B. will send C. are sentin China more tha n

23、6007.lt s com mon kno wledge that black tea years ago.A. is inven ted B. was inven ted C. invents D. inven ted家庭作业、单项选择。1. China s sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xia ngGoodwillAmbassadors亲善大使）for Shanghai.A. has bee n n amedB. have bee n n amedC. has n amedD. have n amed2. Today compu tersin both citi

24、es and tow ns.A. were usingB. are usedC. were usedD. are using3. -What do you think of the football match yesterdayWell. It s surprising. The strongest team of ourschoolA. was beate nB. winC. scoredD. was failed4. A shoe factory willin this part of the city.A. be build ingB. be builtC. buildD. built5. Oh, coffee is ready.