2021年2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析VIP

1、2000年考研英语试卷英汉翻译真题解析 2000年英译汉试题 Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segmentssintosChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Gover _ents throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depe

2、nds largely on the economic strength and wealth of the munity. 71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of _ntralized control and hen _ the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a coun

3、trys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. It also means that gover _ents are increasingly pelled to interfere in these sectors insgroupsto step up production and en

4、sure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, they _y encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research _nters; they _y alter the structure of education, or interfere insgroupsto redu _ the wastage of natural resour _s or tap resour _s hitherto unexplo

5、ited; or they _y co-operate directly in the growing number of international projects related to scien _, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent of scientific advi _ and also scientific and technological _npower of all kinds. 73) Owing to the re _rkable deve

6、lopment in _ss-munications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while gover _ents are often for _d to introdu _ still further innovations for the reasons given above. At the same time, the nor _l rate of social change throughout the world is taking

7、 pla _ at a vastly aelerated speed pared with the past. For example, 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the pro _ss of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a _ntury, whereas nowadays a developing nation _y underg

8、o the same pro _ss in a decade or so. All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the munity and consequently presents serious problems for the gover _ents con _rned. 75) Additional social stresses _y also our because of the population explosion or problems arising f

9、rom _ss migration movements-themselves _de relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. As a result of all these factors, gover _ents are being increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting themsintoseffect. 翻译题解： 71) Under mod

10、ern conditions, this requires varying measures of _ntralized control and hen _ the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of _ntralized control/and hen _ the help of specialized sc

11、ientists/such as economists and operational research experts. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是一个带双宾语的简单句：this requires varying measures of.and hen _ the help of. 2)两个宾语各带有of短语作定语。 3)specialized scientists后面的短语such as.是其定语。 第三、词的处理： Under modern conditions 在现代条件下 requires 需要 varying measures (程度)不同的措施 _ntralized co

12、ntrol _控制， _调控 and hen _ 因此，从而 specialized scientists 专门科学家，专家 operational research experts 运行研究专家，运筹学家 完整的译文： 71)在现代条件下，这需要程度不同的 _控制，从而就需要获得诸如经济学家和运筹学家等领域专家的协助。 72) Furthermore it is obvious that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and indu

13、stry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Furthermore it is obvious / that the strength of a countrys economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, / and that this in turn rests upon the eff

14、orts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是it is obvious that., and that.形式主语和两个主语从句。 2)两个that从句都是简单的主谓宾结构句。 3)this指代前面的宾语中心词efficiency。 第三、词的处理： Furthermore 再者，另外 it is obvious that (固定译法)显而易见的是 the strength of a countrys economy 一个国家的经济实力 is directly bound up with 与直接(密切)相

15、关 the efficiency of its agriculture and industry 工农业生产效率 in turn 反过来 rests upon 有赖于，取决于 scientists and technologists of all kinds 各种科技人员，所有领域的科学家和技术人员 完整的译文： 72)再者，显而易见的是，一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。 73) Owing to the re _rkable development in _ss-munications, people everywhere are fee

16、ling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while gover _ents are often for _d to introdu _ still further innovations for the reasons given above. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为五段：Owing to the re _rkable development in _ss-munications, / people everywhere are feeling new wants / and are being e

17、xposed to new customs and ideas, / while gover _ents are often for _d to introdu _ still further innovations / for the reasons given above. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是：原因状语Owing to., people are feeling . and are being., while gover _ents are often for _d to.句子结构中while是个关键词，表示对比关系，汉语意思是而。 2)第一个主句中有两个现在进行时的并列谓语

18、are feeling. and are being. 3)第二个主句的谓语是被动语态。 4)for the reasons given above是第二个主句的原因状语。 第三、词的处理： owing to 因为，由于 _ss-munications 大众通讯 people everywhere 所有的人，各地的人 new wants 新的需求(要求，需要) being exposed to 接触到， _到 customs and ideas 习俗和思想 introdu _ 推出，采取，施行 innovations 革新，革新措施 for the reasons given above 由于

19、上述原因 完整的译文： 73)由于大众通讯的显著发展，所有的人都不断感到有新的需求，并不断接触到新的习俗和思想，由于上述原因，各国 _不得不经常采取更进一步的革新措施。 74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the pro _ss of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a _ntury, whereas nowadays a developing

20、nation _y undergo the same pro _ss in a decade or so. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：in the early industrialized countries of Europe / the pro _ss of industrialization-with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed-was spread over nearly a _ntury, / whereas nowadays a developing nation _y un

21、dergo the same pro _ss in a decade or so. 第二、句子的结构： 1)主干结构是复合句the pro _ss of industrialization.was spread over nearly a _ntury, whereas.连词whereas 而，表示对比。 2)破折号中间的短语是附加成分，修饰主语中心词pro _ss，其中social patterns后面that followed是一个定语从句。 3)因为是两个对比句，所以可以根据上下文判断：两个句子的谓语spread over和undergo意思相近，the same pro _ss等于th

22、e pro _ss of industrialization. 第三、词的处理： industrialized countries 工业化国家 the pro _ss of industrialization 工业化进程，工业化过程 with .that followed 随而来的，以及 far-reaching changes 深刻的变革，影响深远的变化 social patterns _ spread over 持续，延续 nearly a _ntury 大约(将近、几乎)一个世纪 a developing nation 一个发展中国家 undergo 经历 in a decade or

23、so 在10年左右的时间 完整的译文： 74)在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家里，其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的 _变革持续了大约一个世纪，而如今一个发展中国家在10年左右的时间内就可以完成同样的过程。 75) Additional social stresses _y also our because of the population explosion or problems arising from _ss migration movements-themselves _de relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. 句子分析： 第一、句子可以拆分为三段：Additional so